Cost Performance Evaluation Research Articles

Optimal resource allocation in practical quantum key distribution optical networks

In the application research of large-scale quantum communication network, one generally realizes resource allocation by constructing virtual service network and mapping it to actual physical space. In this mapping process, some assumptions are often made to simplify the model. For example, the key resource in the physical topology is assumed to be a fixed value, that is, the actual physical conditions and the performance differences of key supply caused by different protocols are ignored. This assumption may lead the network to fail to run appropriately in practical applications. In order to solve the above problems, from the perspective of link mapping, this paper proposes an improved virtual service mapping model and virtual service mapping algorithm with the quantum key distribution optical network as the underlying network, which makes it closer to the actual application scenario. On the one hand, by increasing the constraints of geographical location, the range from virtual nodes to the mappable physical nodes is reasonably restricted. On the other hand, from the perspective of hardware cost and actual key generation rate, the cost performance evaluation index is proposed to allocate and manage resources. In addition, by combining three mainstream quantum key distribution protocols (BB84, measurement-device-independent, and twin-field), we construct a universal virtual service mapping model in the quantum key distribution optical network, and realize the recommendation of the optimal protocol and the optimal allocation and management of resources.

U-Net Cost Analysis Using Roofline Model

One of the most important challenges facing U-Net architecture performance is the method design of its components and how to choose the suitable hardware computing device to deal with the training labelled datasets. Convolution is the most process that requires computations and memory costs, which is needs to minimize. Thus, one of the suitable selection is to change the type of the convolution. Other suggested solutions are to reduce the size of image, number of bits, and, stride value, in addition to number of filters, and image batches. Therefore, in this paper the roofline model will used as performance guide in analyzing the FLOPs and the memory bandwidth boundaries of a U-Net model with different configurations. The cost has been assessed with compared to the limitation of three computing devices, GPU230MX, GPU940MX and GPU2060rtx super. 128 × 128 image dataset has been used during the U-Net cost-performance evaluation process. Based on the analysis, the evaluation results show that the solution that achieves a balance between memory and computations is to implement a U-Net model in parallel using RTX2060 super card with the configurations of batch size is 16, image size of 128×128, number of bits is 32, shared memory management.

RETRACTED: Design approach, mechanical properties and cost-performance evaluation of ultra-high performance engineered cementitious composite (UHP-ECC): A review

Ultra-high performance engineered cementitious composite (UHP-ECC) is gaining significant interest among civil engineering researchers, owing to its excellent mechanical performance. This review is carried out to systematically summarize the design approach and fundamental factors influencing the mechanical properties of UHP-ECC, specifically the fiber parameters, water-binder ratio, nanomaterials, mineral admixtures, cyclic load, and strain rate. Besides, shrinkage performance and shrinkage mitigation approach of UHP-ECC are also discussed in this paper. Finally, the structural application of UHP-ECC is summarized. Based on the Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, the economic evaluation of the mixture proportion of current available UHP-ECCs is conducted to suggest the mixture proportions for the design of highly cost-effective UHP-ECC.

Methodological approach for performance assessment of historical buildings based on seismic, energy and cost performance: A Mediterranean case

Historic buildings need to be re-functionalized because of environmental factors, economic reasons, socio-cultural changes. During the re-functionalization-renovation period, only the seismic performance of the building is analyzed to sustain the historic building according to law and legislation. However, the historic buildings show a considerable energy saving potential. Therefore, the performance assessment of historic buildings requires multidisciplinary approach, which examines both energy and seismic issues. The study aims to demonstrate how the energy and seismic performance improvement of a re-functioned historic building conducted with an integrated approach based on four phases: 1) evaluating the energy performance of the existing building, 2) determining energy & seismic retrofit packages 3) the energy and cost performance evaluation of retrofit packages 4) analyzing the performance of the retrofit measures. A detailed energy simulations used for finding the effects of energy measures that are passive, active, and their combinations by taking into consideration the historical value of the buildings. Life-cycle cost analysis is applied to find the best retrofit strategy for the historical building case by using the net present value method. The proposed methodology has been applied to a historical building in a Mediterranean City, İzmir to find the best retrofit measures for improving the performance of the building. Results show that the implementation of the external wall and applying the new HVAC system are the most effective measures considering both energy, seismic and cost performance. The study indicates that an integrated approach can improve both energy, seismic and cost performance of the historic buildings.

Influence of Devolution Monitoring and Evaluation on Service Delivery in Garissa County Government

Service delivery in the county government, just as is in the national government, has been termed as not satisfactory. Some of the ways seconded to improve the situation is introduction of monitoring and evaluation. Monitoring and Evaluation system provides the necessary feedback for economic development and policy interventions. However, this area has not received the much-needed attention especially in the county level. In order to accurately and timely track the development progress made in Kenya and the 47 counties in particular, there is need for an efficient M&E system. The absence of this framework limits effective public service delivery thus constraining the acceleration of economic development in Kenya and therefore impacts negatively on the overall welfare of the citizens. To find out the effect of monitoring and evaluation on service delivery in the devolved system, this study is timely so as to make policy recommendations for improvement. This study specifically aimed to establish the effect of performance monitoring on service delivery in a devolved system, to determine the effect of measuring results on service delivery in a devolved system, to find out the effect of reporting and learning on service delivery in a devolved system and to determine the effect of monitoring and evaluation systems on service delivery in a devolved system. The study was guided by the Programme theory of Evaluation, Resource Dependency Theory and the Stakeholder Theory. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was the main committees involved in discussing reports relating to monitoring and evaluation of CIDP preparation and implementation progress at county level. A census was conducted on this population. Data was collected through structured questionnaires of the Likert format. After collection, both descriptive and inferential statistics was established through SPSS software. The study found out that performance monitoring had a positive influence in service delivery at Garissa County Government. Measuring results significantly influenced service delivery at Garissa county government. Reporting and learning had a significant influence on service delivery at Garissa county government. Monitoring and evaluation systems significantly influenced service delivery at Garissa county government. The study concludes that the county government of Garissa performed evaluation of cost performance. The county government evaluated whether projects in the county were of high-quality performance. The county government conducted surveys to establish the durability of projects. The county government established the sustainability of Projects before implementation. Garissa county government established the frequency of reporting monitoring and evaluation information. The county government of Garissa had up to date routine monitoring systems for effective M & E process. The study recommends that the county government of Garissa ought to performed evaluation of cost performance. The county government ought to conduct surveys to establish the durability of projects. The county government ought to establish the sustainability of Projects before implementation. The county government ought to establish flexible feedback mechanisms for monitoring and evaluation results. Garissa county government ought to establish the frequency of reporting monitoring and evaluation information. The county government of Garissa ought to have an up to date routine monitoring systems for effective M & E process.
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Modeling the kinetics and cost performance index of high rate up‐flow anaerobic, anoxic, oxic bioreactor for meat wastewater treatment

AbstractThe simultaneous biological removal of COD, TN and phosphorus from meat industrial wastewater (MIW) using a lab‐scale high rate up‐flow anaerobic–anoxic–oxic bioreactor (A2O bioreactor) was investigated. The bioreactor was operated at different HRT, COD/TN ratio and aerated volume fractions to monitor the COD and nutrient removal efficiency. The maximum COD removal rate was detected at HRT of 5 h and COD/TN ratio of 100 : 12. The total nitrogen removal efficiency was changed between 65.8 and 94.4% and the lowest effluent nitrate concentration was measured as 1.6 mg/l. Seven kinetic models were applied to experimental data to determine the substrate utilization rate. The Monod and Haldane models were ideal to estimate the reactor performance. Moreover, the cost performance evaluation indicated the A2O bioreactor capability in low energy consumption for MIW treatment. According to the modeling results, integrating anaerobic and aerobic zones within a single bioreactor could be beneficial and cost‐effective due to the high effluent quality and low operational costs.

La evaluación del desempeño de los costos municipales: análisis de un fragmento de la literatura para identificar oportunidades para la investigación futura

In times of crisis, the quality of public spending underscores the need to adopt control instruments, such as costing, and management tools such as Performance Evaluation Systems. With the objective of identifying research opportunities on cost performance evaluation in the public sector, especially the services provided by municipalities, from a fragment of the international literature, this study was developed with the help of ProKnow-C in the selection of A Bibliographic Portfolio composed of 24 articles, which were analyzed based on bibliometrics and systemic analysis. The results demonstrate the lack of constructivist performance evaluation models, considering the specific context and limits of managers, their values, perspectives and preferences, since the role of leadership in this process is highlighted. The results reveal the need to consider the managers’ perception and the characteristics of the environment in the construction of cost performance evaluation models in the public sector.

A novel model for cost performance evaluation of pulverized coal injected into blast furnace based on effective calorific value

The combustion process of pulverized coal injected into blast furnace involves a lot of physical and chemical reactions. Based on the combustion behaviors of pulverized coal, the conception of coal effective calorific value representing the actual thermal energy provided for blast furnace was proposed. A cost performance evaluation model of coal injection was built up for the optimal selection of various kinds of coal based on effective calorific value. The model contains two indicators: coal effective calorific value which has eight sub-indicators and coal injection cost which includes four sub-indicators. In addition, the calculation principle and application of cost performance evaluation model in a Chinese large-scale iron and steel company were comprehensively introduced. The evaluation results finally confirm that this novel model is of great significance to the optimal selection of blast furnace pulverized coal.

Using Correspondent Information for Route Optimization Scheme on Proxy Mobile IPv6

Proxy Mobile IPv6 outperforms previous mobility protocols have been standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force. However, Proxy Mobile IPv6 still involves the triangle routing problem in where data packets for the mobile node are delivered throughout inefficient routing paths. To address the triangle routing problem, two different Route Optimization schemes proposed that exclude the inefficient routing paths by creating the shortest routing path. In this paper, we proposed Correspondent Information Route Optimization scheme solves the problem by inefficient signaling cost of Dutta’s route optimization. Using Correspondent Information for Correspondent binding updates process between the mobile access gateways which are caused by bi-path data communication of the mobile entities of different the mobile access gateway on the same local mobility anchor. The results of signaling cost performance evaluation show that performance of our proposed using correspondent information route optimization scheme is better than Liebsch’s route optimization scheme as 45% for mobility of the data packets sender and Dutta’s route optimization scheme as 20% for mobility of the data packets sender.

Cost-performance evaluation of analog neural networks and high order networks

High order networks, studied over the past few years, have been shown to improve learning rates, increase storage capacity and reduce the number of layers required in comparison with first order nets. One issue which usually remains in the background, is the relative cost-performance of such nets. In this paper we address this issue in a more general framework, which we define, namely generalized high order networks. We present a cost-performance model and demonstrate its usability by analyzing some well-known first and high order networks. Our aim is to provide a simple, yet illuminating model, which enables the evaluation and analysis of generalized high order networks.

Evaluation of the Cost Effectiveness of Hybrid Composite Laminates

Theme I this paper, a methodology is presented for the evaluation of cost performance of hybrid composite laminates. The optimum cost and weight configurations are obtained for simple structural configurations which are representative of real world structures, over a practical range of loadings. Aluminum and hybrid and single-fiber laminates are the candidate materials. Measures of the optimum weight and cost for the representative structural elements are compared for these various candidate materials. Weight differences are incorporated into the cost comparisons through the use of a premium cost to quantify the value of weight savings. Material costs, manufacturing costs, and premiums are all treated as variables in this design study. Hence, the results can be applied to a broad range of problems of interest for the dual purposes of 1) establishing cost-performance ranking of a particular hybrid system in a preliminary fashion for a specific structural application and loading and 2) providing guidance for developing additional improved material systems and hybrid laminate configurations.

The cost-performance of an on-line, free-text bibliographic retrieval system

The cost-performance evaluation of the SUPARS system is reported. SUPARS was an on-line, free-text bibliographic retrieval system; cost-effectivness data of such systems are not readily available. In our evaluation, two measures of cost were employed : a computer processing charge expressed in dollars, and the number of documents retrieved (a measure of work that must be expended to review the retrieved items). The measure of performance was an estimate of the recall ratio. To obtain the requisite measures an experimental plan was developed in which experts searched the data base of Psychological Abstracts forming their queries from written statements of information needs. These statements (along with a list of documents relevant to them) were produced by people with information problems. Tallies were kept of the number of documents retrieved before each of the designated relevant items were found. The major findings are noted below. (1) Queries to the system employing simple Boolean operators (AND, OR) have better cost-performance characteristics than queries using more elegant searching operators. (2) On-demand access to the index or dictionary contributes sizeably to improving the cost-performance of the system. (3) The argument is raised that human factors, such as the differences among users of a system, probably should be a major factor in the design, operation and evaluation of retrieval systems. It appears that consideration of these factors will improve system cost-performance.

Cost-performance evaluation of memory hierarchies

The stack processing method is used to compare the cost-performance ($/access) between the following: 1) two-level and three-level hierarchies; and 2) hierarchies using random access and serial access memories as a backing store. It was found that busswidth between levels in the hierarchy strongly affects the system cost-performance, and the access time ratio between the backing store and buffer somewhat less. With the technology cost assumptions used in this study, the three-level hierarchy does not have as good a figure of merit ($/access) as the two-level hierarchy unless the access time ratio exceeds about fifty. Also, random access devices are advantageous over serial access devices for backing store applications only when the memory capacity is less than 1 Mbyte. For capacities of 4 Mbyte and 16 Mbyte serial access stores with shift register lengths of 256 bit and 1024 bit, respectively, look favorable.