Climate change is affecting all nations, and given the long-term perspective, neither military conflict nor the socio-behavioral constraints caused by the COVID-19 pandemic can be compared to the impact of environmental risks, including climate change. At the same time countries with low adaptive potential, i.e. limited economic resources, low technology, poor information network, weak infrastructure, unstable or underdeveloped institutions, and unfair access to resources, are characterized by increased vulnerability to climate change. The article is aimed at analyzing the impact of climate on various areas, in particular on population health, agriculture (arable, livestock, and hydrology sectors) and food security, on the energy sector, industry, and so on, which will make possible to understand better which areas, and which sectors of the economy will be affected primarily by the climate, which the scale and the consequences of such influence, which in turn will determine the necessary measures and the cost of adaptation to climate change and accordingly adjust the interaction and cooperation at different levels.