Concrete deterioration is a major concern for structural engineers, as it can weaken and damage structures, posing safety risks. One of the most effective ways to protect concrete from deterioration is to modify it with pozzolanic materials. Pozzolanic can react with calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 ) in concrete to form strong, durable cementitious compounds. So this research aims at enhancing the durability of concrete structures against aggressive media attacks. Nanosilica (NS) was used in concrete mix design with different addition percentages of 0, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 by cement weight. The durability of hardened concrete specimens was investigated as follows: measuring water absorption and contact angle; and determining chloride permeability by ion exchange chromatography. Also, the resistivity of concrete against both 3% sulfuric acid and 5% sodium chloride solutions was estimated. Finally, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to determine corrosion resistance of the reinforced concrete. The experimental results detected that NS has a significant mechanism for improving concrete performance as follows: water absorption of concrete modified with 2% NS (M4) decreased by 41% as compared to the control sample, and contact angle increased by 66%. Meanwhile, the chloride permeability decreased by 24%. Moreover, NS is mainly responsible for enhancing concrete durability against aggressive media attacks up to 2% by cement weight. As compared to the control concrete specimen, the durability of the M4 specimen increased by 39% against sulphate attack and by 42% against chloride attack. The study provided a good solution for the problem of concrete building deterioration, especially when it is exposed to aggressive environments. Key words: Concrete durability, pozzolanic materials, nanosilica.

Purpose This research aims to provide a comprehensive material-level comparison of gold-coated silver (ACA) wire and conventional gold (Au) wire, specifically for use in semiconductor packaging applications, exploring ACA as a potential low-cost alternative to enhance the cost-effectiveness and competitive positioning within the packaging market. This study introduces and validates a novel and practical evaluation framework for material selection, designed to enable informed, early-stage package development. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used surface characterization, corrosion resistance evaluation and the determination of key material properties. Surface morphology and elemental distribution of the ACA wire (18.1 µm diameter) has a uniform Au layer (approximately 110nm thickness) were examined using scanning electron microscope. Corrosion resistance was assessed through potentiodynamic polarization curve analysis in a 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution, a widely accepted standard. In addition, the study involved precise measurements of electrical resistivity, tensile properties and wire hardness to provide a complete comparative profile of both wire types. Findings The comparative analysis conducted through the proposed framework, revealed distinct differences in material properties between ACA and Au wires. ACA wire exhibited a 12.5% reduction in hardness, a 22.5% reduction in breaking load and a 21.0% reduction in electrical resistivity when compared to Au wire. Furthermore, potentiodynamic polarization curve analysis indicated a higher corrosion current density (icorr) for ACA wire (12.473 nA/cm2) compared to Au wire (2.546 nA/cm2), suggesting a lower corrosion resistance. Originality/value This research provides a comprehensive material-level assessment, and the analysis, tailored to the targeted application, contributes a novel framework for material selection. This framework enables informed early-stage package development and can potentially reduce development time and costs for the microelectronic packaging industry. The experimental results, while aligning with existing literature, also serve to validate the effectiveness of our proposed evaluation methodology.

Modulation of brittle phases in advanced hot dip Zn-Al-Mg-Ni alloy coating on DP980 steel for improved cracking and corrosion resistance

Heterostructured NiFe-LDH@MXene interfaces: dual-function design for synergistic electromagnetic wave absorption and corrosion resistance

Toward optimized cracking and corrosion resistance in Zn-Al-Mg coatings

Enhanced antibacterial efficacy, hydrophilicity, and corrosion resistance via single-step-grown defect-rich titania nanofilm

Crystalline nanoflake composite coating on plasma-treated 316 L SS for enhanced wettability and corrosion resistance

Metal chelate-derived and catalytical strategy to produce CoFe/C@bamboo-like carbon nanotubes for microwave absorption, hydrophobicity, and corrosion resistance

Effect of cathode configuration on the microstructure, corrosion resistance, and radiation tolerance of microarc oxidation coatings on zirconium alloy

Role of bonding structure in the corrosion resistance and tribological properties of Tantalum-containing carbon coating: An analysis employing various deposition bias voltages

A comparative study about corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of Ti6Al4V samples produced by wrought and additive manufacturing methods

TiTaMo medium entropy alloys with synergistic biomechanical properties for long term implantation.

Correlation of oxide film thickness with interference coloration and corrosion resistance in anodized titanium

Argon ion gun-assisted magnetron sputtering of multilayer graded TiN for proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates: Enhanced conductivity and corrosion resistance

A hybrid multi-objective optimization framework for designing superhydrophobic coatings on magnesium alloys for biomedical applications.

Biofilm induced microplastics and microbial metabolites release from Polypropylene Random pipes in drinking water distribution systems.

Sustainable antifouling of marine biofilms using charge-modulated TiO2-Cu nanointerfaces: Mechanistic insights and environmental implications.

Data-driven high-throughput screening of Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B amorphous alloy with excellent corrosion and wear resistance

Plasma transferred arc intergranular and transgranular orientation processing route for enhanced nickel-matrix coating corrosion and wear resistance

High-entropy alloys (HEA) are a distinct class of materials made up of multiple principal components (≥5) in near-equimolar ratios, resulting in extraordinary properties, including high catalytic activity, corrosion and oxidation resistance, and tunable magnetic properties. In nanoparticle form, these alloys are highly promising for a variety of advanced applications, such as catalysis, magnetic storage, and biomedical technology [Zoubi et al., Nano Energy, 2023, 110, 108362]. This study used an isolating-medium-assisted solid-state reaction to synthesise FeCoNiCuPt HEA nanoparticles with ultrafine NaCl particles as the isolating medium [Meng et al., Mater. Adv., 2024, 5, 719]. The nanoparticles were stabilised with a range of hydrophobic and hydrophilic capping agents, such as polyethylenimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, stearic acid, octadecylamine, etc., introduced before or after the removal of the isolating medium. The formation of single-phase nanoparticles and the chemical composition of FeCoNiCuPt was validated using X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering were used to determine particle sizes, effective capping agent thickness, and particle stability. The results highlight the successful synthesis of the FeCoNiCuPt nanoparticles, the effect of capping agents on the control of particle size, and the stability of capped-nanoparticle suspensions in water and organic solvents. The study emphasises the importance of selecting the appropriate capping agent to maintain nanoparticle stability and prevent agglomeration.