Corrosion Protection Of Steel Research Articles

Siloxane coating with epoxy modification: optimization of adhesion to improve steel corrosion protection

Siloxane coating with epoxy modification: optimization of adhesion to improve steel corrosion protection

Effect of (E)-2-furan-2-ylmethyleneaminoacetic acid on Corrosion protection of soft steel in HCl Environment

Schiff base (E)-2-Furan-2-ylmethyleneamino acetic acid (FMAA) was prepared and investigated as inhibitor for corrosion protection of soft steel in hydrochloric acid medium. Mass change measurement and electrochemical technique employed for corrosion studies. Inhibitor protects the metal from corrosion up to maximum efficiency of 95.58 % at concentration of 0.004 M. Various activation parameters were calculated for corrosion of soft stell with different temperature. Soft-steel corrosion protection established via Langmuir adsorption isotherm from this; thermodynamical adsorption parameters like Kads, adsorption free energy of (∆G0ads), are co-related to the soft steel deterioration protection. Tafel polarization curves reveal, FMAA exhibited mixed nature inhibitor. Modification of tested metal face morphology characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Interaction of the FMAA molecules on soft steel face was confirmed through FT-IR analysis.

Corrosion protection of mild steel in acidic medium by titanium-based nanocomposite of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract

The quest for efficient, thermally stable, alternative and eco-friendly anticorrosion additives for industrial cleaning and pickling operations necessitated this study. From methanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata leaves, titanium nanocomposite was synthesised, characterised and applied as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in acidic medium. The Titanium-Chromolaena odorata (Ti–CO) nanocomposite was characterised using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and N2 adsorption/desorption measurement. The FTIR result identified O–H, CO, CC and SO functional groups in the nanocomposite while XRD patterns of calcined Ti–CO nanocomposite was found to correspond to the anatase phase of TiO2 with average crystallite size of 10.22 nm. Similarly, Ti–CO is a mesoporous material with BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area of 172.82 m2 g−1. As revealed by HRTEM, the particle size of the Ti–CO ranged from 1.45 to 2.17 nm. The inhibition performance of Ti–CO on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl was evaluated by electrochemical and weight-loss techniques. Weight-loss measurements showed that Ti–CO had higher inhibition efficiency (92.39%) than methanolic C. odorata extract (84.77%) at 1.0 g/L of the inhibitor. The efficiency increased as the inhibitor concentration increased but reduced with an increase in temperature. Data from electrochemical study revealed that Ti–CO was adsorbed on the metal surface and this phenomenon increased the resistivity of Ti–CO towards charge transfer of the solution. Thermodynamic results showed that the dissolution of mild steel in the absence and presence of Ti–CO is endothermic and orderly. Langmuir adsorption model predicted physical adsorption mode of the inhibitor on mild steel surface and surface morphology study using SEM-EDX confirmed the formation of a protective layer on the surface of the mild steel. The Ti–CO nanocomposite produced can be effectively utilised as an alternative corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in acidic media.

Highly protective polyolefin coating modified with ceria nano particles treated with N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine for corrosion protection of carbon steel

A polyolefin coating was modified with cerium oxide nanoparticles treated with N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine (THEEDA) as corrosion inhibitor for corrosion protection of carbon steel. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy tests carried out in 0.05 M NaCl revealed low-frequency impedance modulus around 1012 Ω cm2 for the modified coating without significant changes after three months of immersion. The self-healing ability of modified coating was studied by combining different localized electrochemical techniques, namely localized impedance spectroscopy (LEIS), the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET), and scanning fiber-optic dissolved oxygen microsensor. This comprehensive study confirmed the ability of ceria nanoparticles treated with THEEDA to mitigate corrosion thanks to the synergistic protective role of ceria nanoparticles and THEEDA that inhibit both cathodic and anodic activities, respectively.

Anticorrosive Behaviors of Epoxy Coating Modified by Hydrophobic Nano-Silica and Graphene on Phosphatized Carbon Steel

Corrosion of carbon steel causes many losses, hazards, and contaminations to our daily life. In this article, epoxy synergistically added with hydrophobic nano-silica and graphene was prepared to provide corrosion protection for carbon steel. Graphene can act as filler to improve the corrosion resistance of epoxy, but the aggregation of graphene severely affects its application. Embedding hydrophobic nano-silica into graphene sheets contributes to the good dispersity of graphene in an epoxy matrix. Besides, SiO2 can also act as another filler to improve corrosion resistance. Hence, the synergistical addition of hydrophobic nano-silica and graphene into epoxy can provide better corrosion resistance for modified epoxy coating. A scanning electron microscope was used to investigate the microstructures of modified epoxy coating. Coating wettability was measured by a static contact angle measurement instrument. The anticorrosive behaviors of modified coatings were measured by an electrochemical workstation. The corrosion mechanism was analyzed by equivalent circuits simulation. According to the results, the modified coating with impedance of about 108 Ω·cm2 (10 mHz) at 100 d immersion still showed excellent anticorrosive performance. In general, epoxy doped with hydrophobic nano-silica and graphene displays better corrosion protection than epoxy without modification.

Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency Using Mg / Al Hydrotalcite Impregnated with 2-Mercaptoimidazole on API 5L X70 in HCl 1M

This work provides an affordable strategy to enhance the corrosion resistance of hydrotalcite with 2-mercaptoimidazole. The corrosion protection of the API 5L X70 steel immersed in HCl 1M is described by mixture of Mg/Al hydrotalcites impregnated with the organic corrosion inhibitor 2-mercaptoimidazole (HT-2-MI). The effect of this mixture concentration on the efficiency of corrosion inhibition was determined using the techniques of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization curves. A maximum efficiency of 91% was reached with HT-2MI (20 ppm). Thermodynamic analysis showed that the hydrotalcite+ 2-MI studied followed a physical-chemisorption process in the metal surface.

Microhardness, Resistivity and Tribological Properties of Coatings Based on Hf/Hfn Bilayers Deposited By Sputtering

In this work, coatings based on hafnium/hafnium nitride (Hf/HfN) bilayers were synthesized by the magnetron sputtering technique, producing coatings with 4, 8 and 16 Hf/HfN bilayers on AISI 316L steel and silicon (100). The surface morphology was studied, which shows a high uniformity of grain cluster groupings. Their microhardness was evaluated where the hardness of the 316L steel was improved by more than 3 orders of magnitude, with a value of 6.71 GPa for 8 Hf/HfN bilayers, this same condition reached a high value of electrical resistivity of 6.55x1014 µΩ-cm, a reduction in the coefficient of friction by about 25% with respect to 316L and presented a total delamination of the coating at 19.77 N, which could allow these coatings to be canted for corrosion protection of 316L steel.

Versatile natural dispersants for electrophoretic deposition of materials

Natural anionic molecules, such as glycyrrhizic acid and 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid are used as dispersants for electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, diamond and composites. The superior behavior of the dispersants is linked to the beneficial effects of their chemical structure, pH-dependent charge, pH-dependent solubility, and film-forming properties. The analysis of the deposition yield provides an insight into the influence of the chemical structure of the dispersants on EPD efficiency of different materials. Obtained films provide corrosion protection of steel and can be used for various applications based on advanced functional properties of the deposited materials.

Silicon carbide/enamel composite coatings for steel corrosion protection: Microstructure, thermal expansion behavior, and anti-corrosion performance

Vitreous enamel coating has been utilized to protect metallic substrates against corrosion and has proven to be effective. Herein, a new low-temperature sintering silicon carbide/enamel composite coating was produced and compared to pure enamel coating. The microstructure, thermal expansion behavior, and anti-corrosion performance of the prepared coatings were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dilatometric test, and electrochemical measurements (open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear polarization resistance (LPR)). The results indicated that the composite coatings had gradually matched thermal expansion with the steel substrate due to the inclusion of silicon carbide and the raised porosity, which further resulted in the reduction of residual stress and the eradication of surface microcracks. The microstructural alterations increased the anti-corrosion effectiveness of composite coatings, according to the early electrochemical testing (at 24 h). Particularly, the polarization resistance (Rp) of a composite coating containing 7.5 wt% silicon carbide addition was found to be 20 times greater than that of the pure enamel coating. These results imply that the silicon carbide/enamel composite coating outperforms the pure enamel coating and can provide effective corrosion protection for steel.

A Versatile Strategy for the Fabrication of Poly(ethyl methacrylate) Composites

Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) is dissolved in ethanol, known to be a non-solvent for PEMA, due to the solubilizing ability of an added bile acid biosurfactant, lithocholic acid (LA). The ability to avoid traditional toxic and carcinogenic solvents is important for the fabrication of composites for biomedical applications. The formation of concentrated solutions of high molecular weight PEMA is a key factor for the film deposition using the dip coating method. PEMA films provide corrosion protection for stainless steel. Composite films are prepared, containing bioceramics, such as hydroxyapatite and silica, for biomedical applications. LA facilitates dispersion of hydroxyapatite and silica in suspensions for film deposition. Ibuprofen and tetracycline are used as model drugs for the fabrication of composite films. PEMA-nanocellulose films are successfully prepared using the dip coating method. The microstructure and composition of the films are investigated. The conceptually new approach developed in this investigation represents a versatile strategy for the fabrication of composites for biomedical and other applications, using natural biosurfactants as solubilizing and dispersing agents.

Green synthesis and use of copper oxide nanoparticles to prepare a highly thermal, antimicrobial, and anticorrosion hybrid coating for mild steel under electron beam irradiation

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to prepare copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in an easy and efficient way using a natural and environmentally friendly substance like ascorbic acid. Various concentrations of these nanoparticles were then added to solvent-free coating formulations to produce highly hydrophobic, corrosion-resistant and antimicrobial hybrid coatings. These hybrid formulations were also used to coat the spent fuel casks for their integrity.Design/methodology/approachThe hybrid coated films were then characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), water contact angle and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, different measurements, namely, mechanical, physical, chemical, thermal, corrosion tests, open circuit potential and antimicrobial activity of these hybrid films were performed.FindingsThe results showed that the copper oxide was prepared at nanometer scales with good homogeneity and diffusion in the epoxy acrylate matrix. It also showed that some hybrid coatings have high corrosion resistance, strong hardness, excellent water resistance, remarkable antimicrobial activity and high thermal stability compared to virgin epoxy acrylates.Originality/valueThe formula containing 0.5% CuO NPs was found to provide the highest corrosion protection and antimicrobial activity for mild steel in 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl).

Stretchable and self-healing polyurethane coating with synergistic anticorrosion effect for the corrosion protection of stainless steels

Introduction of inorganic fillers into organic coatings is significant for enhancing mechanical properties and corrosion protection. Herein, we utilized the barrier function of the laminar structure (MXene, Ti3C2) and the inhibition property of the corrosion inhibitor (CeO2) to prepare a MXene/CeO2 polyurethane composite coatings and investigated the corrosion protection performance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Benefiting from the “labyrinth effect” of MXene and the inhibition effect of CeO2, the composite coating exhibits excellent corrosion resistance. What's more, we introduced the DA bonds into the coating to endow it with self-healing property. The results demonstrated that the obtained composite coating could achieve efficient self-healing behavior under sunlight, and its mechanical properties and anti-corrosion properties were basically unaffected after self-healing. Our strategy presents a new approach to protection of coating for metal substrates and provides the basis for a multi-mechanism synergistic approach to corrosion protection.

Evaluation on steel corrosion in water-based drilling fluids: Inhibitors and scale involvement

The purpose of this research is to investigate the behaviour of steel corrosion protection in four different fluids; seawater, tap water, 10 ppg sodium chloride (NaCl) and 12 ppg potassium formate (HCOOK) which are typically used as drilling fluid in oil and gas platform. Corrosion assessment of steel exposed to simulated underbalanced drilling (UBD) wells has been examined via immersion test by weight loss technique. The experiment was carried out in high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) for 30 h in the laboratory stirred autoclave. Two commercial corrosion inhibitors were used in studying the behaviour of the surface protection. Results showed the corrosion rate was dependent on the types of fluids and inhibitors used. The order of corrosion severity or rate of steel corrosion in the individual fluids are; tap water < HCOOK < seawater < NaCl. The observation on the surface morphology through electron microscope depicted the uniform corrosion was the predominantly attack rather pitting and oxide scale formation. The scale formation on the steel surface were discussed.

Saline-responsive triple-action self-healing coating for intelligent corrosion control

In this work, a triple-action self-healing coating was fabricated to promote the corrosion protection of carbon steel based on a shape memory polymer (SMP) epoxy coating and polyaniline/benzotriazole (PANI/BTA) nanocapsules. The PANI/BTA nanocapsules had dual functions: (1) PANI as a saline (NaCl)-responsive gatekeeper could achieve the controllable release of BTA corrosion inhibitors, which could adsorb on the metal surface to inhibit corrosion; (2) PANI can prompt the formation of Fe2O3 passive layer. Besides, the thermo-responsive SMP coating could narrow the scratch size after heating, which was beneficial to reduce the amount of corrosion inhibitors needed to fully cover the steel surface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were performed to investigate the self-healing performance of the coatings containing different contents of PANI/BTA nanocapsules. Furthermore, the synergetic inhibition effects of PANI, BTA and SMP coating were demonstrated using scanning electrochemical microscopy. The results indicated that the healed 0.5 wt% PANI/BTA coating exhibited an excellent self-healing property and its self-healing efficiency was higher than 96%. The XPS results indicated that the Fe2O3 passive layer was formed in the scratched region to resist steel corrosion.

Smart self-healing coating based on the highly dispersed silica/carbon nanotube nanomaterial for corrosion protection of steel

The poor dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) limits their practical enhancement in polymer matrix due to strong Van der Waals force among them and their high aspect ratio. Here, a highly dispersed silica/carbon nanotube (HAC) nanomaterial was prepared, which effectively solved the agglomeration problem of CNTs-based materials. More importantly, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and UV–vis spectra results confirm that HAC nanomaterials can achieve the loading and release of corrosion inhibitors. Basing on these, we developed a smart self-healing coating system (HACB/EP) to further improve the corrosion resistance of the coating. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) investigation shows that HACB/EP still has the highest low-frequency impedance value compared with other coatings after 30 d of immersion, and the electrochemical self-healing efficiency (ηes) of HACB/EP with an artificial defect (De-HACB/EP) turns into positive values at the second (24–48 h) and third (48–72 h) stage. In general, the enhanced corrosion protection and excellent self-healing performance of HACB/EP will greatly promote the development of smart anticorrosion coatings.

Effect of Schiff's Bases on Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium: Electrochemical, Quantum Chemical and Surface Characterization Studies

Effect of Schiff's Bases on Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium: Electrochemical, Quantum Chemical and Surface Characterization Studies

Effect of Schiff's Bases on Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium: Electrochemical, Quantum Chemical and Surface Characterization Studies

Effect of Schiff's Bases on Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium: Electrochemical, Quantum Chemical and Surface Characterization Studies

Recent advances in epoxy coatings for corrosion protection of steel: Experimental and modelling approach-A review

Steel is known for its high mechanical strength, low cost of fabrication and hence widely used for ship building, offshore structures, pipelines and drilling equipment. Corrosion of steel is pricey problem in many fields specially in marine environment and oilfields which are better known for high pressure, high temperature and corrosive conditions. According to International Zinc Association (IZA), India loses around 5–7% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) every year due to corrosion [1].Polymer coatings have been regarded to be the most efficient and economic approach to retard the metal corrosion. Epoxy have been recognized as an effective anticorrosion coating material in both scientific communities and industries as it provides good barrier properties, but after curing, microcracks appear in the epoxy coatings which permit penetration of aggressive ions through the epoxy layer. To overcome this shortcoming, epoxy coatings are modified with nanomaterials. Nanomaterials based epoxy coatings have good adhesion to metals, high corrosion resistance, elastic stability, and high durability in corrosive environment. The intermolecular interaction plays a very important role in nanocomposite polymer coatings to decide adhesion of coatings over metal surface which ultimately determines its corrosion protection. Therefore, In the current review, we will highlight the experimental and computational approaches of these high – performance polymer nanocomposite as anticorrosive coating materials over steel substrate.

Cross-linking and silanization of clay-based multilayer films for improved corrosion protection of steel

Cross-linking and silanization of clay-based multilayer films for improved corrosion protection of steel

Modern concrete pipes: a review of reinforcement and new technologies

Abstract The paper discusses existing reinforcement, future reinforcement and new technologies for concrete pipes used in the sewage systems. Concrete pipes currently in use and under investigation are reviewed. Structural fibres, as the main reinforcement of concrete pipes, are known as an attractive alternative to the traditional steel bars. Steel, synthetic and basalt fibres have been considered. The latest research and mechanical properties of individual fibres are presented. Advances in fibre-reinforced concrete provide a new basis for the design of more efficient concrete pipes, especially those resistant to biological corrosion and with a longer service life. In the article, future non-corrosive reinforcement due to the reduction of steel reinforcement and corrosion protection linings has been proposed.