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  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.1109/tcyb.2025.3646356
Cross-Mode Jointly Shared-Specific Variational Graph Attention Autoencoder for Soft Sensor Application in Multimode Industrial Process.
  • Jun 1, 2026
  • IEEE transactions on cybernetics
  • Yitao Chen + 5 more

Accurate online detection or prediction of key quality variables provides critical reference information for optimizing and controlling operating variables in industrial processes. However, frequent fluctuations in raw material properties and environmental conditions often give rise to multiple data distribution modes within the same production process. Moreover, the inherent uncertainties and the energy-material coupling characteristics of industrial processes make it particularly challenging to uncover the underlying topological relationships among process variables. To address these issues, this article proposes a novel jointly shared-specific variational graph attention autoencoder (JSS-VGATE) model for spatial topological feature extraction and key quality variable prediction in multimode industrial processes. Specifically, a variational graph attention autoencoder is first constructed, which combines graph attention mechanisms with the variational inference architecture to adaptively learn the dynamic correlation strengths between adjacent nodes, thereby capturing complex variable interactions. Subsequently, a comprehensive loss function is designed to achieve high-fidelity extraction of representative latent feature distributions. Furthermore, a cross-mode jointly shared-specific learning framework is developed to simultaneously capture global shared features across modalities and preserve local specific features of each modality, while a learnable gated fusion mechanism is introduced to balance modality invariance and heterogeneity, thereby enhancing cross-mode information integration. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed JSS-VGATE are validated on two representative real-world industrial datasets compared to other state-of-the-art methods.

  • New
  • Research Article
  • 10.24875/acm.25000200
Correlations of aortic dimensions, pulmonary artery, and body surface area in pediatric Marfan
  • May 18, 2026
  • Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico
  • Alberto Guevara-Tirado

Correlations of aortic dimensions, pulmonary artery, and body surface area in pediatric Marfan

  • Research Article
  • 10.1002/jts.70079
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) in male first responders.
  • May 6, 2026
  • Journal of traumatic stress
  • Fan Zhang + 3 more

This study aimed to conduct the first psychometric evaluation of both the full 33-item and short-form nine-item versions of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI and PTCI-9, respectively) in a sample of first responders from China. A total of 1,448 male first responders completed the PTCI, Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5), and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), measurement invariance, internal consistency, and criterion validity were used to examine the validity and reliability of the PTCI and PTCI-9. Optimal cutoff scores were determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. CFA results indicated inadequate fit for the original three-factor and alternative four-factor models of the PTCI, whereas the PTCI-9 demonstrated good model fit, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) =.052, confirmatory fit index (CFI) =.96, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) =.93, goodness of fit index (GFI) =.98. The PTCI-9 showed measurement invariance across subgroups with and without interpersonal trauma exposure. Both versions of the measure were significantly related to PCL-5 scores, with no difference in correlation strength. Both versions showed good internal consistency, PTCI: ω =.98, PTCI-9: ω =.90. ROC analyses suggested optimal cutoff scores of 53 for the PTCI and 16 for the PTCI-9. These results indicate that the PTCI-9 demonstrates comparable or superior psychometric properties to the full PTCI among first responders, showing greater practical utility due to its brevity.

  • Research Article
  • 10.3174/ajnr.a9130
Impact of Postlabeling Delay on Arterial Spin-Labeling MRI-Based Measures of Cerebral Blood Flow in a Simultaneous PET/MRI Study of Aging.
  • May 4, 2026
  • AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
  • Jessie Fanglu Fu + 7 more

Arterial spin-labeling (ASL) MRI with a single postlabeling delay (PLD) of 1800 msec is recommended for quantifying CBF when the PLD is sufficiently longer than the arterial transit time. However, this condition may not be satisfied in older participants or individuals with dementia, for whom multiple PLDs may be more beneficial. This work assessed the intermediate-term (4-week) test-retest reliability and accuracy of single- versus multiple-PLD ASL for quantifying CBF relative to [15O]water PET acquired using PET/MRI imaging in a study of aging and Alzheimer disease (AD). Cognitively normal young (n=3) and older participants (n=5) and patients with AD (n=3) underwent PET/MRI sessions. ASL CBF was quantified separately using PLDs of 1800, 2000, 2200, and 2400 msec, and using multiple-PLD approach combining all 4 PLDs. A subset of participants (1 AD, 4 older cognitively normal) underwent repeated ASL MRI after approximately 4 weeks for test-retest evaluation, assessed using Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Accuracy was assessed by comparing ASL CBF with [15O]water PET using Spearman correlation across cortical regions and vascular territories. The 4-week test-retest reliability was highest for single-PLD ASL using 1800 msec (ICC > 0.75) and lowest for single-PLD of 2400 msec (ICC: 0.1-0.8). Multiple-PLD ASL showed better reliability than the 2400 msec PLD but was not superior to shorter PLDs. Correlations with [15O]water PET were strongest for 1800 msec single-PLD and generally decreased with longer PLDs, except the occipital lobe, where all PLDs showed poor agreement. Multiple-PLD ASL showed similar correlation strengths as 2000 msec single-PLD. Single-PLD ASL with 1800 msec PLD demonstrated the best balance of reliability and agreement with [15O]water PET, suggesting it may be an effective choice for studying CBF in aging and AD populations. While multiple-PLD ASL offered comparable performance, it did not confer notable benefits compared with the best-performing single-PLD under similar acquisition time constraints. These findings underscore the importance of PLD selection in ASL protocols in older or cognitively impaired cohorts and highlight the value of assessing intermediate-term reliability in longitudinal studies.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1002/wer.70414
Near\u2010Source Wastewater Surveillance of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, Influenza A, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus With Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus as a Fecal Indicator
  • May 1, 2026
  • Water Environment Research
  • Yuzhu Mao + 5 more

ABSTRACTWastewater‐based epidemiology (WBE) is increasingly transitioning from treatment plant scale monitoring toward community‐scale surveillance to provide higher spatial resolution. However, the influence of monitoring scale on signal stability and normalization performance remains insufficiently characterized. This study evaluated the dynamics of SARS‐CoV‐2, influenza A (IAV), and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) at five near‐source pumping stations between October 2022 and September 2024. The monitoring sites were selected using the Social Vulnerability Index to ensure representative coverage, and the catchment populations were estimated by integrating census data with physical sewershed boundaries. Wastewater viral concentrations exhibited strong associations with clinical hospitalizations, with maximum Pearson correlations occurring at lead times of 1 day for RSV and 8 days for SARS‐CoV‐2. The performance of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) as a fecal indicator was target‐specific and scale‐dependent. PMMoV normalization improved predictive correlations and extended the lead time for IAV to 7 days but reduced correlation strength for SARS‐CoV‐2 and RSV, suggesting that raw viral loads may better reflect community shedding for certain pathogens at the neighborhood scale. Comparison with downstream wastewater treatment plant influent revealed substantial signal smoothing at larger spatial scales, whereas upstream pumping stations exhibited higher hydraulic volatility. Small catchments serving fewer than 600 residents showed large signal instability and frequent stagnation. Significant PMMoV seasonality was observed, with consistent winter and spring peaks across sites. Together, these findings indicate that near‐source WBE offers reliable neighborhood‐level surveillance and that the effectiveness of normalization depends on both the viral target and catchment characteristics.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.05.003
Metabolic neural networks of the marmoset brain in awake and isoflurane-anesthetized resting states.
  • May 1, 2026
  • Neuroscience
  • Dongjun Koo + 6 more

Metabolic neural networks of the marmoset brain in awake and isoflurane-anesthetized resting states.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1016/j.bone.2026.117820
Correlation between radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry (REMS) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA): A systematic review and meta-analysis.
  • May 1, 2026
  • Bone
  • Ryan Yan Liu + 1 more

Radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry (REMS) is an emerging ultrasound-based technology for assessing bone mineral density (BMD). However, its correlation with the current gold standard, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), has not been comprehensively quantified. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse the correlation between REMS and DXA. We systematically searched databases for studies reporting correlations between REMS and DXA at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Correlation coefficients were pooled via random-effects models after Fisher's z transformation. We performed subgroup analyses and meta-regression by study location, population, and sample size, along with sensitivity analyses. Seventeen studies comprising 8769 participants (90.9% female) for lumbar spine and 7464 participants (92.3% female) for femoral neck BMD were included. The pooled correlation coefficients between REMS and DXA were r=0.819 (95% CI: 0.684-0.900) at the femoral neck and r=0.769 (95% CI: 0.610-0.868) at the lumbar spine, indicating strong correlations. Correlations were comparable between studies from Italy and other countries but were lower in disease-specific populations and in smaller studies. Meta-regression confirmed significant effects of population type and sample size. Statistical heterogeneity was high (I2>95%), and sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the findings. REMS-derived BMD demonstrates strong correlation with DXA at both anatomic sites. Correlation strength varies by population characteristics and study size. Further longitudinal studies are needed to assess REMS's ability to predict fractures and its performance in diverse clinical and community settings.

  • Research Article
  • 10.36452/jmedscientiae.v5i1.3871
Hubungan Tingkat Keparahan (Grading) Penyakit Katarak Senilis dengan Tingkat Depresi pada Lansia
  • Apr 30, 2026
  • Jurnal MedScientiae
  • Siyamto Siyamto + 3 more

Introduction: The aging population in Indonesia accompanied by a demographic dividend has caused an increase in the elderly population. The aging process can usually be accompanied by a decrease in visual sensory disorders with senile cataracts. The presence of senile cataracts can cause depressive disorders that have an impact on the mental health of the elderly. Purpose: to determine the relationship between the severity (grading) of senile cataract disease with the level of depression in diagnosis of senile cataracts patiens at the UKRIDA Hospital in Jakarta. Method: A correlational analysis study using primary and secondary data from patients with a diagnosis of senile cataracts with an accidental sampling technique. Data analysis using the Gamma Correlation test. Results: The study with 72 patient sample and found an average age of 68 years with grade 1 senile cataract disorders of 44 people (61.1%). Patients with senile cataracts with mild depressive disorders of 41 people (56.9%) Conclusions: the correlation between the severity (grading) of senile cataracts and the level of depression in elderly patients is not significant or does not have a significant relationship with a p-value 0,400. A correlation value of 0,200 indicates a positive correlation with a very weak and meaningless correlation strength

  • Research Article
  • 10.3847/1538-4357/ae5a8d
The New Fundamental Plane of 4FGL Blazars Based on the Black Hole Spin-mass Energy
  • Apr 27, 2026
  • The Astrophysical Journal
  • Xu Zhang + 5 more

Abstract The fundamental plane is a key scaling relation connecting jet power, accretion, and black hole mass in active galactic nuclei. In this work, we construct a sample of 73 Fermi-Large Area Telescope-detected 4FGL blazars and explore an extended version of the fundamental plane that incorporates γ -ray luminosity ( L γ ), which directly traces the highly beamed jet emission. We find that γ -ray luminosity serves as an effective proxy for jet power in blazars. The traditional radio fundamental plane shows a strong correlation both before and after beaming correction ( R ≈ 0.88 and 0.69, respectively), confirming that blazars generally follow the same relation found in other black hole systems. The newly proposed γ -ray version of the plane also exhibits strong correlations ( R ≈ 0.85 before correction and 0.78 after correction), indicating that radio and γ -ray jet emission are linked to the same underlying accretion–jet mechanism despite different radiation processes. Furthermore, including an estimate of black hole spin energy ( M spin ) instead of only dynamical mass slightly improves the correlation strength in both radio and γ -ray planes, suggesting that black hole spin may play an important role in powering jets in blazars. These results provide additional support for the Blandford–Znajek mechanism and offer a potential pathway to refine the fundamental plane relation for jetted active galactic nuclei.

  • Research Article
  • 10.15294/jese.v6i1.34309
<b>Beyond Awareness: The Role of Environmental Literacy in Sustainable Fashion Behaviour Among Forestry Students</b>
  • Apr 24, 2026
  • Journal of Environmental and Science Education
  • Is Zamani + 3 more

The fashion industry is rapidly expanding while exerting significant pressure on the environment through carbon emissions, textile waste, water pollution, and deforestation. This study investigates how environmental knowledge influences sustainable fashion behavior among forestry students at Tadulako University. A quantitative survey was conducted with 50 purposively selected students who had received basic environmental education. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. Results show that overall environmental knowledge is positively related to sustainable fashion attitudes and behaviors, with correlation strengths ranging from weak to moderate. Multiple regression produced an R² of 0.495, indicating that the independent variables collectively explain nearly half of the variation in sustainable fashion behavior. Among the seven knowledge indicators, the ability to seek and read information on sustainable fashion (X6) emerged as the only significant predictor, strongly linked to practices such as reading garment care labels and upcycling. These findings highlight the critical role of practical, applicable knowledge in fostering sustainable fashion consumption

  • Research Article
  • 10.1038/s41598-026-47354-4
Unveiling spring behaviour through copula-based inter-spring connectivity in the Central Himalaya.
  • Apr 22, 2026
  • Scientific reports
  • Sandipan Mukherjee + 3 more

This study aims to evaluate the performance of elliptical and D-vine copula models for predicting discharge at one spring (S5) using observed discharge data from the other four springs (S1-S4) and concurrent rainfall within a single springshed of Central Himalaya, India, in the context that the geological typology of the study springs is similar. The hypothesis that simpler, symmetric dependence models may outperform highly flexible vine structures when hydrological connectivity is strong, and data length is limited, is tested. The results revealed that elliptical copulas substantially outperformed D-vine structures, with the best elliptical model achieving RMSE ≈ 0.11 lpm and R2 ≈ 0.76 under full conditioning, where both Gaussian and t copulas performed comparably. Among D-vine configurations, simplified hydrologically coherent structures (S1 → S2 → S3 → S5) markedly improved accuracy (R2 ≈ 0.58-0.59, RMSE ≈ 0.14 lpm) over complex multi-node D-vines, confirming that pairwise correlation strength and physical flow topology are critical determinants. A similar flow variability index and strong inter-spring correlations indicate that groundwater-spring linkages are reliably represented by symmetric dependence structures. This study demonstrates that copula-based dependence modeling offers powerful, data-efficient approaches for discharge prediction in monitoring-limited Himalayan springsheds, where limited hydrological monitoring constrains sustainable water resource management.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1055/s-0046-1820075
Assessing Osteoporosis Risk on Panoramic Radiography through Fractal Dimension Analysis of Mandibular Condyles in Postmenopausal Women.
  • Apr 16, 2026
  • European journal of dentistry
  • Sri Wigati Mardi Mulyani + 5 more

The study aimed to analyze the trabecular bone structure pattern of the condylar bone on panoramic radiography using fractal dimension (FD) analysis and to identify the correlation between FD and bone mineral density (BMD) values to assess osteoporosis risk in postmenopausal women. This study involved 150 panoramic radiographs of postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years who were diagnosed with normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis based on BMD values. FD analysis was performed on the condylar bone to establish standard FD values for normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis conditions. The analysis was performed on the condylar bone using the box-counting method in ImageJ software to obtain FD values from skeletonized binary images of 30 × 30 pixel regions of interest (ROIs) on both condylar heads. The normality of the data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and correlations between variables were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation analysis. There was a significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) between FD and BMD values, with moderate correlation strength (r = 0.462 for ROI 1 and r = 0.518 for ROI 2). Higher BMD values were associated with higher FD values, and vice versa. Low FD values indicated low trabecular bone density (osteoporosis), while higher FD values reflected better trabecular bone density (normal). FD analysis of the mandibular condyles can serve as an indicator of osteoporosis. It complements BMD by quantifying trabecular bone structural changes, offering a method for early osteoporosis detection.

  • Research Article
  • 10.3390/children13040529
Monitoring Parameters During the Immediate Postnatal Transition Period and Inflammatory Markers in the First Two Days After Birth-A Retrospective Data Analysis.
  • Apr 10, 2026
  • Children (Basel, Switzerland)
  • Christina H Wolfsberger + 6 more

Objective: The fetal-to-neonatal transition is marked by profound cardio-respiratory changes. Infections emerging within the first 48 h after birth may influence early cardiovascular adaptation. We aimed to evaluate the association between early infection/inflammation markers and vital parameters in neonates during the first 15 min after birth. Methods: This is a secondary outcome parameter post-hoc analysis of data derived from a prospective observation study. Preterm and term neonates with cerebral oxygen saturation (crSO2) monitoring (INVOS 5100C) during the first 15 min after birth and available inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], leukocytes, immature-to-total neutrophils ratio [IT ratio]) within 48 h after birth were included. Heart rate (HR) and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) were continuously recorded during the first 15 min. Inflammatory markers obtained at 16-24 and 24-48 h after birth were correlated with crSO2, SpO2, and HR at minute 5, 10 and 15. Results: Sixty-eight neonates were included (median (IQR) gestational age 34.0 (32.0; 35.9) weeks, birth weight 1900 (1488; 2542) grams). CRP within the first 24 h correlated negatively with crSO2 (r = -0.314; p = 0.011) and with SpO2 (r = -0.393; p = 0.001) at minute 15. IT ratio within 24 h correlated negatively with crSO2 at minute 5 (r = -0.367; p = 0.005), 10 (r = -0.273; p = 0.035), and 15 (r = -0.306; p = 0.013), and with SpO2 at minute 5 (r = -0.327; p = 0.008). IT ratio at 24-48 h correlated negatively with crSO2 at minute 15 (r = -0.384, p = 0.012). No significant correlations were observed with HR. Leukocytes within the first 24 h after birth correlated negatively with crSO2 at minute 5 (r = -0.265; p = 0.046). Conclusions: Early inflammatory markers, particularly CRP and the IT ratio, are associated with cerebral and systemic oxygenation during immediate postnatal transition. These findings suggest a potential association between early inflammatory activation and oxygenation dynamics; however, given the observational design and modest correlation strength, the results should be interpreted cautiously and do not allow conclusions regarding causality or underlying mechanisms.

  • Research Article
  • 10.21037/qims-2025-1878
Paraspinal muscle degeneration patterns in degenerative spinal deformity: a histological, morphological, and muscle functional comparison
  • Apr 8, 2026
  • Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery
  • Qiang Liu + 8 more

BackgroundDegenerative spinal deformity (DSD) is an umbrella term for three-dimensional (3D) spine malalignment. Paraspinal muscle (PSM) degeneration has been widely implicated in the pathology and progression of DSD. However, little is known about the differences in the degeneration patterns of PSM in deformity subtypes. This study aimed to explore the degeneration patterns of PSM in DSD subtypes.MethodsA total of 65 patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS), 57 with degenerative lumbar kyphosis (DLK), and 62 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) were included. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Sirius Red staining, and Oil Red O staining was performed to assess histological change in multifidus muscle (MF). The relative cross-sectional area (rCSA) and percentage of fat infiltration area (%FIA) of MF and erector spinae (ES) were measured at the L2/3 level. Maximal voluntary exertion (MVE) and endurance time (ET) were examined.ResultsHistologically, significant adipocytes deposition was observed in the concave side of DLS, whereas predominant muscle fibrosis was found in the convex side of DLS and in DLK. Patients with DLK exhibited a smaller functional cross-sectional area (fCSA) of the ES compared with patients with DLS (56.7±9.4 vs. 51.2±8.7 mm2, P<0.05). In contrast, patients with DLS exhibited a smaller fCSA of the MF than those with DLK (17.9±3.0 vs. 19.7±2.9 mm2, P<0.05). A moderate correlation (R=0.48, P<0.05) between imaging parameters and histological indices was observed on the concave side of the PSM. Patients with DLK demonstrated smaller MVE and ET compared to DLS. In DLS patients, ET showed a moderate strength of correlation with %FIA of (MF + ES) (R=−0.492, P<0.05). There was a moderate strength of correlation between MVE and rCSA of (MF + ES) in DLK patients (R=0.432, P<0.05).ConclusionsPSM degeneration patterns vary among the subtypes of DSD. These findings may provide new insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c05443
Dynamical Control of Coulomb Interactions and Hubbard Bands in Monolayer 1T-TaS2.
  • Apr 8, 2026
  • Nano letters
  • Niklas Notter + 2 more

Monolayer 1T-TaS2 hosts a star-of-David charge-density wave (CDW) that stabilizes a low-temperature Mott-insulating state. Recent time-resolved spectroscopies indicate a coupling between the CDW amplitude mode and the electronic correlation strength, yet the role of the screened Coulomb interaction remains unclear. Using the constrained random-phase approximation, we show that the CDW amplitude modifies the bare and screened on-site interactions, leading to sizable variations in the effective Hubbard U. Our combined density-functional and dynamical mean-field theory calculations reveal that the Hubbard bands shift in concert with the CDW amplitude and that a reduced distortion drives a transition from a Mott insulator to a correlated metal. These results demonstrate a direct link between lattice distortions and Coulomb interactions in transition-metal dichalcogenides, providing a microscopic mechanism for light-induced control of correlated phases in two-dimensional quantum materials.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1097/corr.0000000000003927
Program Size and City Characteristics May Be Associated With Gender Diversity in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Programs
  • Apr 8, 2026
  • Clinical Orthopaedics &amp; Related Research
  • Yunseo Linda Park + 5 more

Background Orthopaedic surgery remains one of the least gender-diverse specialties in medicine. Prior studies have identified factors that influence a woman applicant’s rank list, such as surgical experience, women faculty, and resident satisfaction; however, little is known about how the geographic location of a program is associated with the gender composition of residency classes. Questions/purposes (1) Is the geographic location of an orthopaedic surgery residency program associated with the proportion of women in its residency class? (2) After adjusting for potential confounders like program size and type, what program- and city-level factors are associated with a higher percentage of women in orthopaedic residency programs? Methods Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–accredited orthopaedic residency programs with updated resident lists for the 2025 to 2026 academic year were included; we included 204 such programs from a total of 212. Resident gender was determined using photographs, biographies, and preferred pronouns when available. The proportions of women residents were compared across US geographic divisions as defined by the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS®). Secondary analyses explored whether program characteristics (program type, women faculty proportion, gender of chair and program director) and city-level factors (population density, median household income, crime rate) were associated with gender distribution. An independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the percentage of women between geographic divisions, and multivariable linear regression was used to adjust for covariates and identify factors associated with a higher proportion of women in a program. For interpretation of correlation strength, we classified coefficients as slight (|r| = 0.10 to 0.29), modest (|r| = 0.30 to 0.49), and substantial (|r| ≥ 0.50), which is consistent with commonly used conventions. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Results Of the 204 programs included, the percentages of women residents were not different when comparing the nine locations as defined by ERAS. After controlling for potential confounding variables such as number of total residents, program type, and city education level (% of the population with at least a bachelor’s degree), we found that larger programs were modestly associated with higher percentages of women in the programs (regression coefficient [β] 0.28 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07 to 0.49]; p = 0.01). Additionally, compared with university programs, community programs had a mean of 5% fewer women residents (95% CI -8% to -2%; p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion Our findings highlight differences in gender representation across orthopaedic surgery residency program types and sizes but do not identify causal factors or barriers. Programs seeking to increase gender diversity may wish to consider evaluating their size, recruitment strategies, and applicant outreach in light of these associations, while candidates interested in more gender-diverse environments might consider these program characteristics when applying. Clinical Relevance Addressing gaps in gender representation across orthopaedic surgery residency programs may not only improve gender balance in training but could also have downstream benefits for patient care and surgical team effectiveness. Future studies can build on this work by conducting a survey study to directly assess how program size and academic affiliation influence applicant decisions in orthopaedic residency.

  • Research Article
  • 10.14740/jocmr6513
A Strong Correlation Between Pleural Fluid and Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels Across a Spectrum of Pleural Effusions.
  • Apr 1, 2026
  • Journal of clinical medicine research
  • Majed Odeh + 2 more

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a key acute-phase reactant, primarily synthesized by hepatocytes and released into the bloodstream. Both serum CRP (CRPs) and pleural fluid CRP (CRPpf) have been shown to aid in distinguishing between different types of pleural effusion (PE). As CRPpf is largely derived from CRPs, a strong correlation between their levels is expected. However, limited data exist regarding this relationship, and no previous studies have compared the strength of this correlation across different PE etiologies. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the correlation between CRPpf and CRPs levels in various PE types and, for the first time, to compare the strength of this association between groups. A total of 492 patients with PE were included: 210 with transudative PE (TrPE), 86 with uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion (UCPPE), 60 with complicated parapneumonic effusion (CPPE), 126 with malignant PE (MPE), and 10 with tuberculous PE (TPE). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Mean CRPs and CRPpf levels, respectively, were as follows: TrPE (11.3 ± 5.7 mg/L; 4.6 ± 2.8 mg/L), UCPPE (145.3 ± 67.6 mg/L; 58.5 ± 38.5 mg/L), CPPE (302.2 ± 75.6 mg/L; 112 ± 65 mg/L), MPE (56.1 ± 39.5 mg/L; 18.9 ± 13.9 mg/L), and TPE (98.7 ± 12.9 mg/L; 45.0 ± 9.4 mg/L). A statistically significant positive correlation between CRPpf and CRPs was observed in all groups: TrPE (r = 0.81, P < 0.0001), UCPPE (r = 0.90, P < 0.0001), CPPE (r = 0.57, P < 0.0001), MPE (r = 0.81, P < 0.0001), and TPE (r = 0.91, P < 0.0001). The correlation was significantly stronger in the UCPPE and TPE groups compared to the others, while the CPPE group showed the weakest correlation. Correlation strength in the TrPE and MPE groups was intermediate, but significantly greater than that in CPPE. A strong and statistically significant correlation between CRPpf and CRPs levels exists across all major types of PE. The varying strength of this correlation among groups-highest in UCPPE and TPE, and lowest in CPPE-may reflect the influence of local pleural factors, such as inflammation, cellular injury, local CRP synthesis, and lymphatic drainage impairment, on pleural CRP levels.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1002/ece3.73381
Color and Near-Infrared Reflectance Covary in Distinct Ways Across Taxa.
  • Apr 1, 2026
  • Ecology and evolution
  • Jonathan Goldenberg + 13 more

Solar radiation reaching Earth spans 300-2500 nm, covering ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Its reflectance is critical for animal signaling, camouflage, and thermoregulation, likely leading to selective trade-offs that shape diverse reflectance patterns. Nonetheless, little is known about associations among these spectral regions across different taxa. Here, we investigate if the reflectance in different regions of the spectrum (UV, Vis, NIR) is correlated using data from integuments and eggs of 322 endotherms and ectotherms. To disentangle these relationships, we examined correlation strength, slope, and intercept, thereby providing nuance on consistency of association, magnitude of change across wavelengths, and baseline differences among taxa. We find that UV and Vis reflectance are significantly positively correlated across all taxa, whereas Vis-NIR correlation strengths are variable. For instance, in integuments, while the slopes of the Vis-NIR reflectance are positively correlated, their intercepts differ among taxa, suggesting that baseline NIR reflectance relative to Vis is influenced by macromolecular composition and/or structure. Moreover, in eggshells, UV-Vis and Vis-NIR slopes are also positively correlated, except for birds that show no significant Vis-NIR correlation. Our findings suggest that reflectance across wavelengths can be decoupled, laying a foundation for understanding how reflectance traits evolve under physiological and ecological pressures.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1038/s41586-026-10357-2
Angle evolution of the superconducting phase diagram in twisted bilayer WSe2.
  • Apr 1, 2026
  • Nature
  • Yinjie Guo + 15 more

Recent observations of superconductivity in twisted bilayer WSe2 (refs. 1,2) have extended the family of moiré superconductors beyond twisted graphene3-15. In WSe2, two different twist angles were studied, 3.65° (ref. 1) and 5.0° (ref. 2), and two seemingly distinct superconducting phase diagrams were reported, raising the question of whether the superconducting phases in the two devices share a similar origin. Here we address the question by experimentally mapping the evolution of the phase diagram across devices with twist angles spanning the range defined by the initial reports and comparing the results to twist angle-dependent theory. We find that the superconducting state evolves smoothly with twist angle and at all twist angles is proximal to a Fermi surface reconstruction with, presumably, antiferromagnetic ordering, but is neithernecessarily tied to the Van Hove singularity nor to the half-band insulator. Our results connect the previously distinct phase diagrams at 3.65° and 5°, and offer new insight into the origin of the superconductivity in this system and its evolution as the correlation strength increases. More broadly, the smooth phase diagram evolution, repeatability between different devices and dynamic gate tunability within each device establish twisted transition metal dichalcogenides as a unique platform for the study of correlated phases as the ratio of interaction strength to bandwidth is varied.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2026.04.004
An exploratory analysis of plasma biomarkers associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
  • Apr 1, 2026
  • Neurobiology of aging
  • Ersin Ersözlü + 7 more

An exploratory analysis of plasma biomarkers associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

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