Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of symptoms and signs of ocular surface lesions in dry eye patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of different disease durations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Consecutive T2DM patients complicated with dry eye who visited the Special Clinic for Diabetic Ocular Surface Diseases at Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong First Medical University from January 2020 to December 2024 were enrolled as the T2DM group. Dry eye patients without T2DM from the Dry Eye Clinic and age-and gender-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as the non-T2DM group and control group, respectively. The T2DM group was further divided into four stages according to disease duration: Stage Ⅰ (duration≤5 years), Stage Ⅱ (5 years<duration≤10 years), Stage Ⅲ (10 years<duration≤20 years), and Stage Ⅳ (duration>20 years). Ocular symptoms were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Ocular surface function was assessed by corneal sensitivity (CS), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score, Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠT), tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive first tear film break-up time (NIKf-BUT), non-invasive average tear film break-up time (NIKav-BUT), lipid layer thickness (LLT), and meibomian gland loss (MGL) grading score. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was used to measure central corneal epithelial thickness (CCET) and central corneal thickness (CCT). In vivo confocal microscopy was performed to detect corneal nerve fiber parameters. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between variables. Results: A total of 278 T2DM patients (556 eyes) were enrolled in the T2DM group, with a mean age of (60.25±8.71) years, a male-to-female ratio of 117∶161, and a mean disease duration of (11.09±8.02) years; among them, 84 cases were Stage Ⅰ, 81 cases Stage Ⅱ, 90 cases Stage Ⅲ, and 23 cases Stage Ⅳ. The non-T2DM group included 60 patients (120 eyes), with a mean age of (58.52±7.93) years and a male-to-female ratio of 23∶37. The control group comprised 53 healthy volunteers (106 eyes), with a mean age of (58.79±5.73) years and a male-to-female ratio of 21∶32. There were no statistically significant differences in age and gender distribution among the three groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the T2DM group showed significantly higher OSDI score (31.58%±20.56%), MGL grading score (3.59±0.95) and CFS score (1.84±3.01) (all P<0.05); while significantly lower SⅠT [(5.79±3.10) mm], NIKf-BUT [(5.81±3.14)s], NIKav-BUT [(9.31±4.85)s], LLT [(60.48±16.6) nm], CCET [(51.95±5.56) μm], CS [(56.9±8.30) mm], corneal endothelial cell density [(2 596±465.38)/mm²], and all corneal nerve parameters (including paracentral corneal nerve fiber density and length, etc.) (all P<0.05). Compared with the non-T2DM group, the T2DM group had significantly lower LLT, CCET, CS, OSDI score and all corneal nerve parameters, along with significantly higher MGL grading score and CFS score (all P<0.05); no statistically significant differences were found in SⅠT, NIKf-BUT and NIKav-BUT between the two groups (all P>0.05). In T2DM patients with disease duration≤5 years, compared with the control group, the OSDI score (23.98%±18.21%) and MGL grading score (3.35±0.91) were significantly increased, while SⅠT [(5.65±2.93) mm], LLT, NIKf-BUT and all corneal nerve parameters were significantly decreased (all P<0.05); meanwhile, compared with the non-T2DM group, this subgroup had significantly lower OSDI score and significantly higher MGL grading score (all P<0.05). When the disease duration exceeded 10 years, the OSDI score further increased to be comparable with that of the non-T2DM group, and NIKf-BUT [(5.44±2.92)s], CFS score (2.75±3.25), CCET [(51.36±4.17) μm], CS [(55.21±8.02) mm] showed statistically significant differences compared with both the control group and non-T2DM group (all P<0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that disease duration was significantly positively correlated with OSDI score, MGL grading score and CFS score, and significantly negatively correlated with NIKf-BUT, CCET, CS and all corneal nerve parameters (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Ocular surface lesion characteristics vary among dry eye patients with T2DM of different disease durations: decreased tear secretion, meibomian gland dysfunction and corneal nerve structural changes occur when the disease duration is ≤5 years, and corneal hypoesthesia and epithelial thinning develop when the duration exceeds 10 years, with lesions gradually worsening as the disease progresses. Compared with non-diabetic dry eye, significant differences exist in meibomian gland function, corneal nerves and epithelial barrier between the two groups.

Introduction Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is intricately linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis and is influenced by Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution theory. This study explores the fecal microbiota composition in MASLD patients with varied TCM constitutions to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. Material and methods In this study, 51 MASLD patients and 46 healthy controls were classified into seven TCM constitution groups based on high-throughput sequencing of fecal samples. Analyses were conducted to compare microbial communities, metabolite profiles, and metabolic pathways among these constitution groups. The relationships between specific microbiota and biochemical indicators were evaluated using LEfSe and Spearman correlation analyses. Results MASLD patients exhibited reduced fecal microbiota diversity compared to healthy controls, with significant variations in microbial structure among TCM constitution groups. The damp-heat constitution (DHC) and phlegm-dampness constitution (PDC) groups displayed enriched populations of specific microbial species, distinct bacterial taxa, and unique metabolite profiles. Multiple significant pathways related to amino acid, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolism were identified through metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. Significant correlations were observed between specific microbial taxa and biochemical indicators such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Conclusions This study highlights the close association between alterations in gut microbiota, TCM constitution differences, and MASLD progression. The findings suggest that changes in microbial diversity and metabolite profiles may play a crucial role in MASLD pathogenesis. The identification of constitution-specific microbial variations provides promising targets for personalized interventions and treatment strategies for MASLD.

This study aims to determine the relationship between arm muscle strength and underhand serving skills in volleyball among students at SMK Negeri 3 Kota Kupang. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational method. The study population consisted of 22 students who participated in volleyball extracurricular activities, and the entire population was sampled using total sampling technique. Data collection techniques were carried out through tests and measurements, namely push-up tests to measure arm muscle strength and standard volleyball underhand serve tests to measure students' underhand serve skills. The data obtained were analysed using Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis techniques after meeting the analysis prerequisites. The results showed a correlation coefficient of r = -0.222 with a significance value of p = 0.321 (p &gt; 0.05). These findings indicate that there is no significant relationship between arm muscle strength and underhand serving skills in students at SMK Negeri 3 Kota Kupang. Thus, it can be concluded that underhand serving skills in volleyball are not only influenced by arm muscle strength but are more determined by other factors such as technical mastery, movement coordination, and timing in serving.

In forest genetics research, precise evaluation of half-sib families provides essential insights for the selection and improvement of key species. This study systematically examined 40 half-sib families of L. olgensis from northeast China, analyzed 21 traits related to growth, form, wood, photosynthesis, and physiological traits. The research employed analysis of variance (ANOVA), genetic parameter estimation, and correlation analysis to assess family variation and trait relationships. The results indicated that 16 traits differed significant or highly significant (P < 0.05) among families. The coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 7.78% to 65.16%, and family heritability ranged from 0.037 to 0.835. Wood traits showed negative correlations with growth and form traits. Based on average realized gains, we identified the estimation method of breeding value as optimal, leading to the selection of eight superior families at a 20% selection rate, with genetic gains ranged from 1.98% to 65.55%. The realized gains for tree height, diameter at breast height, volume, crown width, straightness, branching angle, lateral branch thickness, wood density, hemicellulose, holocellulose, and lignin were 5.97%, 8.11%, 20.44%, 10.32%, 3.06%, 3.22%, 10.74%, 1.99%, - 1.26%, - 1.36%, and 2.57%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that multi-trait, breeding-value-based selection effectively improves L. olgensis. This study provides both a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the genetic improvement of this economically important species.

To investigate the longitudinal relationship between informal social participation and life satisfaction among older adults relocated for poverty alleviation in China, as well as the mediating role of perceived stress and sleep duration. Overall, 1345 participants [mean age 71.52 (SD:7.19) years; 48.4% female] were included in the longitudinal study. The participants were surveyed using perceived stress scale-14 (PSS-14) and satisfaction with life scale (SWLS). AMOS Statistics 26 was used to test for common method bias (CMB). SPSS Statistics 26 was used to conduct descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis. Besides, four longitudinal cross-lagged models and bootstrap methods were employed to investigate whether there is a mutual influence among informal social participation, perceived stress/sleep duration, and life satisfaction by AMOS Statistics 26. This study did not have a severe problem of CMB. The results indicated informal social participation predicted perceived stress and sleep duration 6months later; perceived stress predicted life satisfaction 6months later; and informal social participation at T1 predicted life satisfaction at T3 through perceived stress at T2. However, informal social participation at T1 did not predict life satisfaction at T3 through sleep duration at T2. These results indicate that for relocated older adults, informal social participation enhances life satisfaction not by improving sleep duration, but primarily through reducing perceived stress. The key pathway is that social participation lowers stress levels, which in turn leads to greater long-term life satisfaction. Hence, our findings could serve to prompt the administrators of community to be aware of the significance of stress alleviation and regard it as a key intervention target in programs designed to enhance the well-being of relocated older adults.

This study examines the relationship between secondary school students' reading culture and their critical reading self-efficacy (CRSE), addressing a gap in the literature on affective factors associated with critical literacy. Understanding this relationship is crucial for promoting sustainable reading practices and fostering critical engagement among adolescents. A correlational survey design was employed with 214 secondary school students (ages 11-14) from public schools in Türkiye. Data were collected using the Critical Reading Self-Efficacy Scale (19 items, four subdimensions) and the Reading Culture Scale (30 items, multidimensional). Reliability coefficients were satisfactory (α = .80 and α = .89, respectively). After confirming normality assumptions, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between variables. Students' mean CRSE scores were above average, while their reading culture levels were moderate. CRSE did not differ significantly by grade level or gender, whereas reading culture levels were higher among Grade 8 students compared to Grade 7. A strong positive correlation was found between CRSE and reading culture (r ≈ .63, p < .001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that reading culture was significantly associated with CRSE, accounting for 39% of the variance. Among the subdimensions, personal development and reading relations and basic reading skills were significantly associated with CRSE, whereas visual reading and book selection were not (p > .05). The findings demonstrate a significant relationship between students' reading culture and their CRSE. These results suggest that students with higher levels of reading culture tend to report higher levels of critical reading self-efficacy. Educational programs may benefit from considering activities related to the difficulty and research dimensions of CRSE. Future studies are recommended to examine these relationships across diverse populations using longitudinal or experimental designs.

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a significant public health problem with few treatment options. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has shown promise as a therapeutic tool for neural alterations in CUD. However, its effects on white matter (WM) microstructure and their role in treatment efficacy remain uncertain. This study aimed to assess the global impact of rTMS on WM microstructure in CUD patients. In this study, we made a longitudinal correlational tractography analysis that was conducted using Quantitative Anisotropy (QA) on diffusion MRI data from CUD patients who received either active rTMS (n = 22) or sham rTMS (n = 18) treatment. Imaging data were collected before (T0) and after two weeks of treatment (T1). Correlations were derived using nonparametric Spearman partial correlation, accounting for gender, age, and age at substance initiation through multiple regression. Tracks were selected using a p-FDR threshold of 0.05. A significant QA increase was found in 9718 tracts across the whole brain in the active rTMS group compared to the sham group, with no observed reduction in QA. The affected WM tracts included cerebellar, commissural, associative, and projective fibers, mainly in the left hemisphere. The study suggests that rTMS induces widespread changes in WM microstructure, potentially improving communication between brain regions and cognitive control in CUD patients. However, the small sample size limits the findings' generalizability, highlighting the need for larger, longitudinal studies.

ABSTRACT Clinical relevance Convergence insufficiency is a common binocular vision anomaly among college students, and its impact on routine near work activities of students needs to be assessed. Background This study assessed the reading, writing, and typing speed of young college students with convergence insufficiency and age-matched controls. Methods A case-control study was conducted among 50 students with convergence insufficiency and 50 control students aged 18 to 25 years. All subjects underwent visual examinations including refractive assessments and evaluations of accommodative and binocular vision parameters. Reading and writing speeds were assessed using the International Reading Speed Texts (IReST) charts while typing speed was measured using the Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) software. Reading, writing and typing speeds were compared between the two groups; and their correlation with clinical parameters related to convergence insufficiency was examined. Additionally, speeds were compared among symptomatic and asymptomatic students, assessed using the Convergence Insufficiency Symptomatic Survey (CISS) scale. Results The mean ± standard deviation age of the participants was 20.72 ± 2.00 years. The two groups did not differ in age, gender distribution, visual acuity or spherical equivalent (p > .05 for all). The median [interquartile range] reading speed was 160.34 [152.32–172.00] words per minute (WPM) in convergence insufficiency students, and 183.52 [168.34–201.36] WPM in control students (p < .001). Writing speed averaged 32.98 ± 4.31 WPM in convergence insufficiency students versus 36.48 ± 4.23 WPM in controls (p < .001). The median typing speed was 19.57 [17.57–24.73] WPM in convergence insufficiency students, and 24.15 [19.31–27.40] WPM in control students (p = .007). Correlation analysis showed none to poor correlations between speeds and clinical parameters. No significant differences were observed in speeds between symptomatic and asymptomatic students with convergence insufficiency. Conclusion College students with convergence insufficiency were found to have reduced reading, writing and typing speeds.

This study aimed to develop an authentic mathematics assessment for elementary schools in the form of a testlet-based instrument integrated with deep learning principles and the Adiwiyata context within the framework of transformative Islamic education in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Employing basic research with an embedded mixed-methods design, the development process adapted the Plomp model and the instrument development framework of Oreondo and Antonio. Data were collected through teacher needs surveys, expert validation, readability testing, and field trials involving 462 fifth-grade students from elementary schools and Islamic elementary schools. Quantitative analyses included Content Validity Index (CVI), Aiken’s V, Cronbach’s Alpha, Classical Test Theory (CTT), and Item Response Theory (IRT) using the 2-PL Graded Response Model. The results indicate that the developed instruments meet acceptable psychometric standards, with Aiken’s V values ranging from 0.75 to 1.00 and high internal consistency for both the testlet instrument (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.845) and the environmental awareness questionnaire (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.850). Item analysis shows adequate discrimination and a structured progression of difficulty, although one item exhibited low discrimination in the 2-PL GRM, highlighting the importance of IRT-based diagnostics for testlet refinement. Descriptive findings reveal that students demonstrate high levels of environmental awareness, particularly in the knowledge and attitude dimensions, while mathematical achievement remains low on non-routine items. Correlation analysis shows no significant relationship between environmental awareness and mathematical ability. Methodologically, this study contributes a validated and contextually grounded assessment framework that integrates expert judgment, reliability analysis, and complementary CTT–IRT procedures. Theoretically, the findings reconceptualize authentic assessment as a diagnostic bridge rather than a direct causal link between affective values and cognitive performance, demonstrating that environmental concern functions as a potential cognitive resource only when explicitly activated within mathematical tasks.

Spiritual care occupies a special position in overall care and improving the quality of services provided to patients. However, China's higher nursing education is still in its infancy. The purpose of this research is to explore the heterogeneity of spiritual care competence of undergraduate nursing students in China. A multicenter cross-sectional design was employed. From July 2024 to February 2025, a convenience sample of 1,224 undergraduate nursing students was recruited from four nursing colleges in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province, China. Data were collected using the Chinese versions of the Spiritual Care Competence Scale, the Spiritual Care Cognition Scale, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed using SPSS version 27.0, while latent profile analysis and ordinal logistic regression were conducted using Mplus version 8.0. The mean total score for spiritual care competence was 77.61 ± 14.61. Latent profile analysis identified three distinct profiles: a low-competence group (47.1%, 62.3 ± 8.2), a moderate-competence group (42.1%, 79.6 ± 6.7), and a high-competence group (10.8%, 95.1 ± 7.9). The model demonstrated high classification accuracy, with an entropy value of 0.948, and the Lo-Mendell-Rubin likelihood ratio test (LMRT) was significant (p = 0.006). Spiritual care competence was significantly positively correlated with spiritual care cognition (r = 0.540) and sense of meaning in life (r = 0.479) (both p < 0.01). Ordinal logistic regression indicated that lack of clinical internship experience, distant teacher-student relationships, absence of humanistic care education, lower levels of spiritual care cognition, and lower sense of meaning in life were key predictors of membership in lower competence profiles. The spiritual care competence of undergraduate nursing students in China is underdeveloped and urgently needs to be improved. Their potential profiles can be divided into three categories, namely C1-low spiritual care competence, C2-medium spiritual care competence and C3-high spiritual care competence. Clinical internships, effective teacher-student mentoring, humanistic education, as well as individual spiritual cognition and sense of meaning in life, are key facilitators of competence development. It is recommended to integrate structured spiritual care training into undergraduate nursing curricula and to establish a systematic mentorship program.

Adulteration of olive oil significantly compromises the interests of both producers and consumers, making its authentication a crucial challenge in the food industry. This study explored the potential of combining Raman spectroscopy with machine learning for discriminating various blended samples and quantifying olive oil content in mixtures. Raman features, such as peak intensities at specific shifts, were extracted from the spectra and analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and correlation analysis (CA) to identify significant variations corresponding to altered proportions of olive oil. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed to classify 10 oil types and predict compositional ratios in binary and ternary blends, comparing different chemometric techniques and input features. Among these, the random forest (RF) model yielded a high classification accuracy (98.9%) and strong predictive performance, with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.985 and 0.926 on the binary and ternary samples, respectively. The Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) algorithm was subsequently employed to assess the contribution of key Raman features to the prediction accuracy of superior models. Overall, this novel analytical framework highlights Raman features and offers a promising solution for real-time quality monitoring of olive oil products.

With the increasing public awareness of health, TikTok and Bilibili have become the domain source of short-video platforms for health-related information. This study aims to investigate the quality and reliability of short videos about endometrial cancer on two platforms. This cross-sectional study was conducted on TikTok and Bilibili to evaluate short videos related to endometrial cancer. The two platforms were searched using the term 'endometrial cancer' from 15:00 to 22:00 on 29 September 2025. The quality of related information was assessed by the Global Quality Score (GQS) and the modified DISCERN score (mDISCERN), and analyzed by descriptive statistics, inter-group comparison, and correlation analysis. 200 initial endometrial cancer-related videos were searched, and finally, 174 videos were included from TikTok and Bilibili. The GQS and mDISCERN scores of both platforms were low (median 2/5), and the median(Q1-Q3) duration of these videos was 80s (46.50-144.50), and the duration of Bilibili videos was longer (111 s to 63s, P < 0.001). The engagement with TikTok videos was relatively high (median likes: 1342 to 6, P < 0.001). Expert-uploaded videos were longer than those from other origins (median 109s) and of better quality (median mDISCERN 3/5, P < 0.001). The quality component was positively associated with the duration of short videos(r = 0.42-0.46). The five major dimensions of health demonstrated "fragmented content and insufficient depth": the highest coverage rate of symptoms was 36.2%, while the lowest coverage rate of prevention was 3.5%; the coverage rates of etiology, diagnosis, and therapy were all below 20%. Significant quality gaps exist in endometrial cancer videos. To enhance the structure and completeness of health information, professional participation should be strengthened in the future.

Sustainable sources of natural antioxidants are increasingly important for circular bioeconomy strategies. Plant-derived waste streams represent an underexploited resource with significant potential for recovery of high-value antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, polyphenols, and resveratrol. This review assesses potential alternative biomass sources, including nonhazardous wastes from agriculture, forestry, and fishing, as well as those from the manufacture of food products, beverages, and tobacco products. It evaluates their valorization potential using statistical evidence at the European level. EUROSTAT datasets were analyzed using XLSTAT 2025.2.0 through correlation analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC), and k-means clustering. Variables included fresh vegetable production, plant waste generation, processed waste volumes, and national research and development expenditures and innovation. Correlation analysis revealed a strong association between total processed waste and research and development investments (r = 0.87), suggesting that technological capacity influences waste valorization. A moderate correlation (r = 0.55) between nonhazardous waste and processed quantities supports the operational feasibility of extracting antioxidants from residual biomass. PCA showed that Factor 1 (50.16% variance) is dominated by waste generation and processing capacity, whereas organic agriculture loads primarily on Factor 2 (21.6%). Cluster analyses grouped European countries by bioresource management efficiency, highlighting substantial heterogeneity in their readiness for valorization. The combined statistical evidence supports the use of plant-based waste streams as viable, sustainable feedstocks for antioxidant recovery. Strengthening processing infrastructure, harmonizing data reporting, and accelerating research and development investments are essential steps for integrating antioxidant extraction into circular bioeconomic processes.

Flavor-relevant trace volatiles and microbial communities were examined in six sauce-aroma high-temperature Daqu samples. Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) quantified 210 trace volatile compounds across 14 chemical classes. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) with variable importance in projection (VIP) screening was integrated with sensory scoring, correlation analysis, and molecular docking to an olfactory receptor model. Volatile profiles showed clear stratification in total abundance. Pyrazines dominated the high-total group. Tetramethylpyrazine served as a major driver. Sensory evaluation indicated that aroma explained overall quality best. (E)-2-pentenal and dimethyl trisulfide showed significant positive associations with aroma and overall scores. In the olfactory receptor, the polar residue module that provides directional constraints for Daqu odor activation was formed by Ser75, Ser92, Ser152, Ser258, Thr74, Thr76, Thr98, Thr200, Gln99, and Glu94. The hydrogen-bond or charge network was further reinforced by Arg150, Arg262, Asn194, His180, His261, Asp182, and Gln181. The core discriminant set comprised acetic acid, hexanoic acid, (E)-2-pentenal, nonanal, decanal, dimethyl trisulfide, trans-3-methyl-2-n-propylthiophane, 2-hexanone oxime, ethyl linoleate, propylene glycol, 2-ethenyl-6-methylpyrazine, 4-methylquinazoline, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal, and 1,2,3,4-tetramethoxybenzene. Sequencing revealed higher bacterial diversity than fungal. Bacillus and Kroppenstedtia were dominant bacterial genera. Aspergillus, Paecilomyces, Monascus, and Penicillium were major fungal genera. Correlation patterns suggested that Bacillus and Monascus were positively linked to acetic acid and 1,2,3,4-tetramethoxybenzene. Together, these results connected chemical fingerprints, sensory performance, receptor-level plausibility, and microbial ecology. Concrete targets are provided for quality control of high-temperature Daqu.

This study examines the integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) into rubric-based qualitative assessment to strengthen authentic evaluation and complex thinking competencies in business education. Conducted at a graduate business school in Peru with 120 student portfolios, the research adopted a qualitative exploratory-documentary approach, complemented by a correlational analysis between human and AI evaluations to enhance the interpretive validity of the findings. A pilot subsample ( n = 12) was used for the correlational analysis comparing human and AI-assisted assessments, while descriptive analyses of complex thinking levels were conducted on the full sample ( n = 120) using the AI agent. The study employed the GPT-eComplex Assistant, a GenAI-based evaluator developed from ChatGPT and configured with the eComplex rubric, to identify recurring patterns, strengths, and areas for improvement without replacing human pedagogical judgment. The findings revealed that: (a) the GPT-eComplex Assistant closely mirrored human evaluators’ judgments, reinforcing consistency, traceability, and transparency, although still requiring teacher calibration; (b) the digital portfolio served as an authentic learning artifact to capture systemic and critical thinking, while showing limitations in the scientific dimension; (c) the use of GenAI for assessment in higher education remains incipient and under-researched, underscoring the need for empirical evidence and ethical guidelines; and (d) the responsible integration of GenAI demands active teacher mediation, ethical awareness, and institutional transparency, ensuring that technology complements rather than replaces pedagogical judgment. This study contributes a pedagogical strategy that combines formative portfolio assessment, AI-supported co-evaluation, and the AI-PROMPT Framework, offering a replicable model for embedding GenAI into authentic, reflective, and ethically grounded assessment practices in higher education. The results represent an innovative contribution by positioning GPT as a complementary tool in authentic assessment, reinforcing the central role of human judgment and opening new perspectives for AI-supported evaluation in the Ibero-American and beyond.

Background/Objectives: Allergic features of anisakiasis, caused by ingestion of third-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex via raw or undercooked fish, manifest clinically as acute gastroallergic anisakiasis (GAA) or chronic urticaria with Anisakis sensitization (CU+). Differentiating these clinical phenotypes remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the maturation and avidity of specific antibodies (IgE, IgG4, IgG, and IgA) as biomarkers for discriminating between acute and chronic forms of anisakiasis. Methods: A prospective cohort of 65 patients from Madrid, Spain, was classified into three groups: GAA (n = 22), CU+ (n = 22), and chronic urticaria without sensitization (CU−, n = 21). Serum samples were analyzed for antigen-specific immunoglobulins using ELISA and Western blot. Avidity indices (AIs) were quantified through urea dissociation assays. Statistical comparisons and correlation analyses were performed to associate antibody avidity with clinical phenotype and demographic variables. Results: GAA patients exhibited significantly lower IgE avidity indices compared to CU+ individuals (mean AI: 79.9% vs. 88.5%), indicating a less mature IgE response during acute infection. Conversely, IgG4 and IgG avidity were elevated in GAA relative to CU+, reflecting an active but transient immune response. IgA antibodies were detected in both groups, although avidity differences lacked discriminatory capacity. No sex- or age-related differences in antibody avidity were observed. Longitudinal follow-up of GAA patients demonstrated an increase in IgE avidity over time. Conclusions: Quantitative assessment of antibody avidity, particularly for IgE and IgG4, enhances understanding of A. simplex immunopathogenesis and serves as a valuable biomarker for distinguishing acute from chronic clinical presentations. These findings support the use of avidity indices in the diagnosis, staging, and clinical management of anisakiasis.

To assess oral-health literacy and test a conceptual model of the relationships among oral health-related self-efficacy, social support, illness perception, and oral-health literacy in patients with periodontitis. This cross-sectional study recruited 230 eligible adult periodontitis patients by convenience sampling at the Department of Periodontology, Fourth Military Medical University (Xi'an) from March to July 2024. Participants completed validated Chinese versions of the short-form Health Literacy Dental Scale, the Self-efficacy Scale for Self-care, the Social Support Rating Scale, and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, nonparametric tests, correlation analysis, and Hayes's PROCESS macro (Model 4 and Model 7) to test for social support's mediation and illness perception's moderation. The study included 230 participants (121 males, 52.6%; 109 females, 47.4%), with a mean age of 39.27 ± 11.85 years. The health literacy score for periodontitis patients was 42.00 (34.00, 52.00). The direct effect of oral health-related self-efficacy on oral-health literacy was significant (β = 0.2367, 95% CI [confidence interval] = [0.1176~0.3558]), and social support played a partial mediating role between oral health-related self-efficacy and oral-health literacy (β = 0.0526, 95% CI = [0.0153~0.0980]). Illness perception did not significantly moderate the relationship between oral health-related self-efficacy and social support (β = -0.0061, 95% CI = [-0.0133, 0.0010]). This study assessed oral-health literacy at a moderate level in periodontitis patients. The tested model was partially supported: self-efficacy directly improved oral-health literacy, and social support partially mediated this relationship. Illness perception did not moderate the pathway. Therefore, self-efficacy and social support are primary targets for improving oral-health literacy.

Marital adjustment can be conceptualized as a resource of the family system or a part of the regenerative powers of the family. It is important to investigate marital adjustment as it is a concept that deeply affects the quality of life. In this study, which attempts to explain marital adjustment, regression analysis was performed on the obtained results. The data were examined with correlation analysis and regression analysis. According to the study results, there was a strong positive correlation (r = .76) between marital adjustment and spousal self-efficacy among the predictor and dependent variables. Martial adjustment establishes a high level and significant relationship with spouse self-efficacy, resentment-avoidance, marital problem solving, gender, marriage duration, having children and the number of children, income level, education status and place of residence. All variables (spousal self-efficacy, resentment-avoidance, marital problem-solving skills, gender, duration of marriage, having children, number of children, income level, educational status, and place of residence) explain 75% of marital adjustment.

Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important grain legume valued for its high protein content and adaptability to diverse environments. Understanding the relationship between morphological, phenological and genetic variability is essential for improving breeding strategies and cultivar performance under contrasting agroecological conditions. Methods: Sixteen chickpea genotypes of diverse seed shape and size were evaluated under uniform field conditions for morphological and phenological traits. Genetic diversity was assessed using iPBS markers. Based on preliminary results, five genotypes were selected for multi-location trials under contrasting agronomic management systems to assess yield components. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, correlation analysis and cluster analysis. Result: Significant variation was observed in plant height, seed size, pod number and seed yield, with seed shape emerging as the most consistent phenotypic marker for genotype differentiation. Molecular analysis supported phenotypic grouping, though with low bootstrap values, likely due to partial cross-pollination and seed admixture. Location had the largest effect on yield components, with higher rainfall contributing to increased productivity. Small-seeded genotypes demonstrated greater yield stability across environments, whereas large-seeded types performed best under favorable conditions.

This looks at investigates the dynamics of technology integration inside public administration, focusing on the function of technological readiness, organizational subculture, and management support. Through a comprehensive analysis of survey records gathered from authorities’ employees, the have a look at examines the relationships among those key factors and the level of technology integration in authorities’ agencies. Descriptive records, correlational analyses, and regression models are hired to research the statistics and draw insights into the determinants of era adoption and usage. The findings underscore the important importance of fostering technological readiness, cultivating supportive organizational cultures, and making sure robust management dedication to pressure a success era integration initiative. Additionally, the examine highlights the need for targeted interventions tailor-made to the numerous needs and demanding situations confronted by using exceptional segments of the general public quarter group of workers. Overall, the observe contributes to the developing frame of information on technology adoption in public management, presenting practical insights for policymakers and organizational leaders searching for to navigate the complexities of virtual transformation.