Correlation Analysis Techniques Research Articles

Comparative study of reference evapotranspiration estimation models based on machine learning algorithm: a case study of Zhengzhou City

Abstract Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is an important parameter to characterize the hydrological water cycle and energy balance. An extremely heavy rainstorm occurred in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province on 20 July 2021, causing heavy casualties and economic losses. One of the important reasons for this rainstorm was abnormal water circulation. The purpose of this study is to estimate ET0 accurately and avoid extreme disasters caused by abnormal water cycles. This study compared and analyzed the accuracy and robustness of ET0 prediction based on the improved Levenberg–Marquardt (L-M) model based on artificial neural network and the genetic algorithm-backward neural network (GA-BP) model. The model uses seven weather stations in Zhengzhou, including mountain climate and plain climate. By utilizing the Pearson correlation analysis technique, six distinct input scenarios were identified, and the efficacy of the model was assessed using evaluation metrics, including RMSE, MAE, NSE, and SI. The results show that the estimation accuracy of the L-M model is better than that of the GA-BP model; when the number of input meteorological parameters is the same, the combined simulation effect including wind speed is the best; the R2 of L-M3 and L-M4 are 0.9285 and 0.9675, respectively; models can accurately estimate ET0 with limited data.

Academic Resilience and Procrastination in Students Who Study While Working

Students who work carry out multiple roles in their daily lives, on the one hand working and, on the other hand, having to carry out responsibilities in the lecture process. This dual role is difficult because it provides many challenges and requires good psychological resilience. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between resilience and academic procrastination in students who study while working. This research belongs to the quantitative research with the Karl Pearson correlation design. The subjects involved in this study were 205 working students aged 17-25 and were selected using a non-probability snowball sampling technique. Data collection in the study was carried out using a psychological scale as a questionnaire, which will be distributed online via Google Forms. The data obtained in the study were then analyzed using the product moment correlational analysis technique from Karl Pearson to determine the relationship between resilience and academic procrastination. The data analysis process was carried out with the help of the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 for Windows program. The results of the data analysis show that the correlation coefficient is -0.021 with sig. = 0.382 (p>0.05), meaning there is no significant negative relationship between resilience and academic procrastination in students who study while working.

A New Monitoring Technology for Bearing Fault Detection in High-Speed Trains.

In this work, a new monitoring system is developed for bearing fault detection in high-speed trains. Firstly, a data acquisition system is developed to collect vibration and other related signals wirelessly. Secondly, a new multiple correlation analysis (MCA) technique is proposed for bearing fault detection. The MCA technique consists of the three processing steps: (1) the collected vibration signal is decomposed by variational modal decomposition (VMD) to formulate the representative intrinsic mode functions (IMFs); (2) the MCA is used to process and identify the characteristic features for signal analysis; (3) bearing fault is diagnosed by examining bearing characteristic frequency information on the envelope power spectrum. The effectiveness of the proposed MCA fault detection technique is verified by experimental tests corresponding to different bearing conditions.

Market Development Strategies and Market Performance of Small and Medium-Tiered Deposit-Taking Saccos in Kenya

Purpose: To explore the effect of market development strategies on the market performance of small and medium-tiered deposit-taking SACCOs in Kenya
 Methodology: This proposed study utilized the positivism research philosophy and adopted a descriptive research design. A census of all the 141 small and medium deposit taking-SACCOS was conducted. Data was collected using questionnaires which were physically or electronically administered to the CEOs or their assistants who were the respondents in this study. Data analysis utilized descriptive and inferential statistics which were used to deduce the nature and strength of the relationship between variables. Inferential analysis yielded correlation and regression outputs which are best in determining relationships and prediction among variables. Key correlation and regression analysis techniques such as Pearson’s product moment correlation (r) and the co-efficient of determination (r2) were utilized. The analysed data was presented using tables, charts and graphs.
 Findings: The findings indicated that market development strategies have a positive and significant effect on market performance of small and medium-tiered deposit-taking SACCOs in Kenya (β=0.736, p=0.000). This implies that changes in 1 unit of the aspects related to market development strategies leads to a change in market performance of small and medium-tiered deposit-taking SACCOs in Kenya by 0.736 units. Hence rejection of the null hypothesis that market development strategies are not statistically significant to the market performance of small and medium tiered deposit-taking SACCOs in Kenya.
 Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study findings established that there is a statistically significant effect of market development strategies on the market performance of small and medium-tiered deposit-taking SACCOs in Kenya. The study thus concluded that relationship between market development strategies and market performance is statistically significant. However despite of the effect being statistically significant, study also found out that in approximately 65% of the small and medium deposit taking SACCOs market development strategies such as new market segment and targeting new beneficiaries did not optimally support market performance at mean scores of 3.69 and 3.78 respectively. The study thus recommend that small and medium deposit taking SACCOs should invest on strategies such as relationship marketing and opening up new branches which had mean score of 3.92 and 3.88 respectively, in order to excel in market performance

Determinants of Exchange Rate: A Case Study of Pakistan

The present research was conducted to study the impact of macro-economic variables on index value of currency. The main objective of this research was to investigate some major factors having their contribution towards influencing exchange rate of Pakistan. For this purpose, time series monthly data on five macro-economic variables, i.e. Inflation rate, KIBOR, Forex Reserves, Exports and Imports of Pakistan was collected for the period of 2001-2015. Correlation and Regression analysis techniques were used to analyze the relationship between criterion and predictor variables. Study divulged that Inflation rate; exports and imports remained significant and have their major contribution towards influencing currency rates in Pakistan. On the other hand, Forex reserves and KIBOR confirmed moderate relationship with exchange rate. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that inflation rate, KIBOR and exports have positive association while imports and Forex reserves demonstrated negative association with exchange rate.

Gambaran Acadaemic Self-Efficacy Pada Siswa Sd N X Tamansari, Lelea, Indramayu, Jawa Barat

This study aims to describe the academic self-efficacy of students at SDN X Taman Sari, Lelea District, Indramayu Regency, West Java. This research was conducted on 148 male and female students aged 9-13 years from grades 4-6 elementary school. The measuring instrument used in this academic self-efficacy research is part of the measuring instrument for the Faculty of Psychology, Tarumanagara University in 2015 in Indonesian. Through correlation analysis techniques with the SPSS version 25 program. It was found that the dimensions of the highest level were compared to the dimensions of generality and or strength. In addition, based on analysis of additional data, it can be concluded that there are differences in the level of academic self-efficacy in terms of gender. 
 Keywords: academic self-efficacy, self-efficacy, elementary students

Quantitative Full-Field Data Fusion for Evaluation of Complex Structures

BackgroundValidation of models using full-field experimental techniques traditionally rely on local data comparisons. At present, typically selected data fields are used such as local maxima or selected line plots. Here a new approach is proposed called full-field data fusion (FFDF) that utilises the entire image, ensuring the fidelity of the techniques are fully exploited. FFDF has the potential to provide a direct means of assessing design modifications and material choices.ObjectiveA FFDF methodology is defined that has the ability to combine data from a variety of experimental and numerical sources to enable quantitative comparisons and validations as well as create new parameters to assess material and structural performance. A section of a wind turbine blade (WTB) substructure of complex composite construction is used as a demonstrator for the methodology.MethodsThe experimental data are obtained using the full-field experimental techniques of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Thermoelastic Stress Analysis (TSA), which are then fused with each other, and with predictions made using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). In addition, the FFDF method enables a new high-fidelity validation technique for FEA utilising a precise full-field point by point similarity assessment with the experimental data, based on the fused data sets and metrics.ResultsIt is shown that inaccuracies introduced because of estimation of comparable locations in the data sets are eliminated, The FFDF also enables inaccuracies in the experimental data to be mutually assessed at the same scale regardless of differences in camera sensors. For example, the effect of processing parameters in DIC such as subset size and strain window can be assessed through similarity assessment with the TSA.ConclusionsThe FFDF methodology offers a means for comparing different design configurations and material choices for complex composite substructures, as well as quantitative validation of numerical models, which may ultimately reduce dependence on expensive and time-consuming full-scale tests.

Influences of parental occupation on children's occupational choices

PurposeThis study examines the relationships between parents' and children's occupations to determine the existence of intergenerational transmission of occupations.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the purpose of the study, four predominant occupational types based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO): agriculture and forestry; services and sales; managerial/administrative; and professional/technical are examined using data from the latest (7th) round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS). Two complementary methods involving the correlational analysis and regression-based techniques are used.FindingsThe findings indicate the presence of parental influences on children's occupational choices (same-sex and cross-sex) in the Ghanaian labour market, with maternals and same-sector effects having a more substantial influence on children's occupational choices, especially in agriculture and forestry, and services and sales sectors.Research limitations/implicationsThe lack of panel data in observing children's occupational choices over time makes it challenging to assume direct causation.Originality/valueThe study is the first to highlight the relative strengths of paternal influence (father's effect) and maternal impact (mother's effect) on sons' and daughters' occupational choices in Africa. The findings have several implications for intergenerational (im)mobility of occupations including how policymakers can make career guidance more effective.Peer reviewThe peer-review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-10-2022-0705

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two sedimentary environments of the Tertiary Krepoljin coal basin

In the present study, statistical correlation analysis and multivariate statistical techniques (PCA/FA) were employed to investigate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments, such as illite-montmorillonite (IM) and calcite (Ct), from two sedimentary environments of the Tertiary Krepoljin brown coal basin in Serbia. The coal and sediment layers were formed in fresh-water bogs during the Lower Miocene period. The total amount of extractable PAHs was determined by gas chromatography with a triple quad mass detector (GC-MS-MS), and it ranged from 449 to 10585 μg l−1 in all sediments. Eight of the total 16 PAHs, which ranged from 175.17 to 658.42 μg l−1, include benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, which are regarded as potentially carcinogenic, indicating a higher possibility of adverse ecological effects. Medium molecular-weight (MMW) PAHs were found to be predominant in all sediments. PAH concentrations are affected by several factors, such as carbon content, H/C mole ratio, and (less significant) O/C mole ratio. The non-existence of a correlation between the N/C ratio and other parameters indicates unspecific changes which accompany the original organic matter. The lower-sulfur Ct sediment samples were found to have a higher PAH content than higher sulfur IM samples, leading to the conclusion that the PAH content of sediments may be related to the depositional environment.

Correlational Study: Teacher Perceptions and The Implementation of Education for Sustainable Development Competency for Junior High School Teachers

ESD competence is key for teachers to implement ESD in schools so that education can make a real contribution to achieving sustainable development goals. This study analyzes the relationship between perceptions of teacher ESD competence and ESD implementation in Junior High Schools (JHS). This study uses a correlational study. The population in this study included JHS teachers. The research sample consisted of 384 teachers who were taken using a multistage sampling technique by taking teachers from 3 sub-districts in 6 urban districts. The data collection method used is by distributing questionnaires to respondents. Data analysis is using percentage analysis technique amd Pearson correlation analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that teachers need ESD competencies because teachers feel that the implementation of ESD in schools is still in the average category. So teachers hope to acquire competencies related to ESD in more depth. Based on this, it is hoped that policymakers at the national level, local governments, and even the schools themselves will organize activities to improve ESD competence for teachers in various forms of training, seminars, and others. This is done so that the implementation of ESD in schools can be maximized so that teachers, as the spearhead of education, can make a real contribution to achieving the 2030 agenda.

Hubungan Komunikasi Interpersonal Mahasiswa dan Dosen Pembimbing dengan Motivasi Menyusun Skripsi pada Mahasiswa Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam

Interpersonal communication is a basic activity and naturally, every human being must do this activity as a form of mutual understanding and understanding of the activities of exchanging ideas, ideas, and thoughts of two humans who carry out communication activities. In the world of education, of course, communication is the main tool in determining the success of delivering knowledge from teachers to students. As a student who is part of the world of education, the thesis is a responsibility and one of the requirements for graduation. This research was carried out to know the relationship between student interpersonal communication and thesis lecturer with the motivation to compose a thesis. The research method used is a correlational method with a quantitative approach. The population used is the 2016, 2017, and 2018, Islamic Communication and Broadcasting study program at the Faculty of Islamic Religion, Ibn Khaldun University, Bogor with a total of 59 students as respondents. Data processing using SPSS 20 with Pearson product-moment correlation analysis technique. The results obtained are significant values ​​that have been obtained on the X variable (interpersonal communication) with the Y variable (the motivation to compose the thesis) of 0.000 < 0.05. In the calculation of the value of rcount > rtable, it is obtained that 0.687 > 0.252, which can be concluded that the interpersonal communication between students and thesis lecturer with the motivation to write a thesis has a strong relationship. The interpretation that the higher the interpersonal communication relationship between students and thesis lecturer, the motivation also increases students in writing thesis.
 Keywords: Interpersonal Communication, Motivation, Thesis

The Relationship between Self-Management and Student Academic Procrastination

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-management and academic procrastination among students at SMA Negeri 1 Gunung Sindur. The approach used is a quantitative approach with a descriptive correlational model and data analysis techniques with Pearson product moment correlation. Sampling uses a sampling technique, namely probability sampling with proportionate random sampling. Data collection took the form of a self-management questionnaire and an academic procrastination questionnaire. The results of the study show that there is a positive, significant, and quite strong relationship between self-management and academic procrastination, as seen from the Pearson correlation of 0.557 and the sig value of 0.000. H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. The results of the study in terms of the aspects of the self-management variable found that the indicators of student behavior were in the low category, while the academic procrastination variable on the aspect of the time gap between plans and actual performance was in the high category.

Character Strength and Happiness among Environmental and Educational Volunteers in a Collectivistic Culture

Volunteers participate in charitable activities sincerely without any certain expectations. Concerning this volunteerism, this study aims to investigate the influence of character strength on happiness in environmental and educational volunteers. Employing Seligman's happiness scale as a measurement instrument (α = 0.615) and Peterson and Seligman's (α = 0. 976) Value in Action - Inventory of Strength (VIA-IS) as a measurement instrument to determine character strength, 99 volunteers working in environmental and educational fields of voluntary organizations were recruited. The inclusion criteria for recruiting these participants included male or female participants over 18 years old, active at the organizations for at least six months, unmarried, and living in Yogyakarta. All obtained data were analyzed by using a Spearman correlation analysis technique and a regression analysis technique. The results of this study showed that some of the most influential types of character strength on happiness were leadership (r = 0.354, p = 0.000), appreciation of beauty and excellence (r = 0.337, p = 0.001), gratitude (r = 0.311, p = 0.002), forgiveness (r = 0.305, p = 0.002), and open-mindedness (r = 0.301, p = 0.002). In addition, types of character strength significantly influencing happiness are closely related to collectivistic culture.

The relationship between school principal managerial roles and school committee roles with school infrastructure and facilities

School principals, school committees, and school conditions are integrated into education. This research aims to determine the relationship between school principals' managerial with the condition of school facilities and infrastructure, the roles of school committees on the condition of school facilities and infrastructure, and the relationship between school principals' managerial and the roles of school committees simultaneously with the condition of school facilities and infrastructure. The research method used is quantitative with a correlational analysis technique. The results of the research concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between the principal managerial and the condition of school facilities and infrastructure. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the roles of the school committee and the condition of school facilities and infrastructure and there is a positive and significant relationship between the school principal managerial and the roles of the school committee simultaneously with the condition of school facilities and infrastructure.
 Keywords: Facilities; infrastructure; principal; school committee; school conditions; school managerial.

Analysis of Metacognitive Awareness, Learning Methods, and Learning Outcomes in Biology of Student

This study aimed to determine the relationship between metacognition awareness, learning methods and learning outcomes in biology based on the academic abilities of students in class X MIPA at SMA Negeri Bangkinang city for the Academic Year 2022/2023. This research was conducted on January 9 - January 17, 2023. This research was a correlational study and data collection used questionnaires, documentation and interviews. The sample in this study were 218 students with different levels of academic ability. Data analysis in this study used the Person Product Moment correlation analysis technique. The results showed that at high academic levels, metacognition awareness (X1), learning methods (X2) and learning outcomes (Y) had a moderate relationship (0.418). In low academic metacognition awareness (X1), learning methods (X2) and learning outcomes (Y) there is a moderate relationship (0.447). For significant test scores obtained at high academic, metacognition awareness (X1), ways of learning (X2) and learning outcomes (Y) t-test (4.75) > t-table (1.98). At low academic levels, metacognition awareness (X1), learning methods (X2) and learning outcomes (Y) t-test (5.16) > t-table (1.98). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between metagonistic awareness, ways of learning and learning outcomes in biology based on the academic abilities of class X students at SMA Negeri Bangkinang city

Decomposition and Harris hawks optimized multivariate wind speed forecasting utilizing sequence2sequence-based spatiotemporal attention

Accurate wind speed forecasting (WSF) is important for effectively harnessing wind energy with clean and sustainable energy benefits. Therefore, this study develops different models established through the use of correlation analysis (CA) and decomposition techniques, Harris hawks optimization algorithm (HHO), and S2S (sequence2sequence) based spatial and temporal attention (STAt-S2S) for effective WSF. First, the CA selects variables of significant correlation with the wind speed data. In the next stage, improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with additive noise (ICEEMDAN) and discrete wavelet transform with maximum overlap (MODWT) techniques are employed to decompose the components having significant correlation. Afterwards, HHO selects suitable features from the decomposed data. Finally, STA-S2S extracts spatial, temporal features and performs forecasting. The CA-ICEEMDAN–HHO–STAt-S2S and CA-ICEEMDAN-STAt-S2S models reveal better forecasting outcomes over the other standalone and hybrid foresting models. The RMSE, MAE, and sMAPE values presented by CA-ICEEMDAN-STAt-S2S are 0.639 m/s, 0.474 m/s and 15.710 m/s with NSE of 0.922. The lowest error values with the highest efficiency values of ICEEMDAN, HHO, and STAt-S2S-based hybrid models corroborate the feasibility of these models for WSF with equal applicability for similar time series applications.

The Relationship Between Family Support and Achievement Motivation of Residents Learning Package C at PKBM Farilla Ilmi

This research was motivated by the low learning outcomes of the residents studying Package C at PKBM Farilla Ilmi Padang. This is presumably due to the lack of running of the family's role in supporting the successful achievement of learning citizens. The purpose of this study is to see whether there is a relevant relationship between family support and achievement motivation of residents studying Package C at PKBM Farilla Ilmi Padang. This type of research is quantitative correlational. The population in this study were all residents studying Package C at PKBM Farilla Ilmi Padang in 2022, totaling 63 people, with a sample size of 32 people and to collect data using questionnaires or questionnaires that have completed validity and reliability testing. The data analysis technique used bivariate correlation analysis technique. The statistical formula used is the percentage formula and the Spearman rank/range order correlation formula. Research results 1). Family support is categorized as less supportive; 2). Achievement motivation of learning residents is categorized as lacking; 3). There is a significant relationship between the relationship between family support and achievement motivation of learning residents. The results of the statistical test of the spearman rho formula obtained rcount = 0.875, the value of 0.875 is declared strong.

Firm Age and Financial Performance: The Firm Life-Cycle Theoretical Perspective of Private Limited Companies In Uganda

Purpose: While the financial performance of private companies has invoked intense interest globally, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between firm age and the financial performance of private limited companies in Uganda.
 Methodology: The study adopted a positivist paradigm and a cross-sectional design. A structured self-administered questionnaire was deployed to gather quantitative data from Accountants, Auditors, CEOs, and Board Members who were purposively selected. Three hundred ninety-four private companies in Central and Western Uganda were sampled. The relationship was assessed using Pearson correlation and standard regression analysis techniques.
 Findings: The study established a positive relationship between firm age and financial performance. It was established that firm age accounts for 14% of the variance in financial performance among private limited companies in Uganda. The study recommends that managers prioritize factors that guarantee the long-term existence of businesses by devising sound investment and operational policies that match the life-cycle stages of their firms.
 Recommendations: This study cements our insights on a firm age-financial performance nexus in Uganda’s private sector and highlights the significance of age towards financial performance. Findings provide insights into devising promising business approaches and guide management in setting priorities to achieve long-term business survival and better financial performance.

Market Penetration Strategies and Market Performance of Small and Medium-Tiered Deposit-Taking Saccos in Kenya

Purpose: To explore the effect of market penetration strategies on the market performance of small and medium-tiered deposit-taking SACCOs in Kenya
 Methodology: This proposed study utilized the positivist research philosophy and adopted a descriptive research design. A census of all 141 small and medium deposit-taking-SACCOS was conducted. Data was collected using questionnaires which were physically or electronically administered to the CEOs or their assistants who were the respondents in this study. Data analysis utilized descriptive and inferential statistics which were used to deduce the nature and strength of the relationship between variables. The inferential analysis yielded correlation and regression outputs which are best for determining relationships and prediction among variables. Key correlation and regression analysis techniques such as the coefficient of determination (r2) were utilized. The analysed data was presented using tables, charts and graphs.
 Findings: The findings confirmed that market penetration strategies have a positive and significant effect on the market performance of small and medium-tiered deposit-taking SACCOs in Kenya (β=0.490, p=0.000). This implies that changes in 1 unit of the aspects related to market penetration strategies lead to a change in the market performance of small and medium-tiered deposit-taking SACCOs in Kenya by 0.490 units. Hence the rejection of the null hypothesis that market penetration strategies are not statistically significant to the market performance of small and medium-tiered deposit-taking SACCOs in Kenya.
 Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: From study results when market penetration strategies such as service, brand, pricing and promotion differentiation are effectively induced by small and medium-tiered DT-SACCOs, the resultant effect is growth in sales revenue and market share, an increase in the number of new customers growth, service delivery excellence as well as growth in the number of innovations. Furthermore, small and medium DT-SACCOs are better engrained in the market, making them suitable to serve customers’ needs and attain a better position in the market when compared to other competitors. The study thus concluded that relationship between market penetration strategies and market performance is statistically significant, however in spite of the effect being statistically significant, study also found out that given a mean score of 3.59 and 3.62 respectively, brand differentiation and service differentiation strategies did not effectively boost market performance. The study thus recommends that small and medium Deposit taking SACCOs should invest in high yielding market penetration strategies such as price differentiation and increased advertising in order to boost market performance.

The Influence of the Madrasah Principal's Leadership Style on Teacher Performance at Islamic Senior High School of Miftahul Ulum Tanggul Jember

The purpose of this study was to find out and reveal about the leadership of school/madrasah principals and teacher performance and to analyze whether or not there was a relationship between the democratic leadership style of the madrasah head and teacher performance, to know the relationship between the leadership style and the participation of the madrasah head and teacher performance, to find out the relationship between the autocratic leadership style of the head. madrasah and teacher performance, knowing the relationship between the leadership style of the free control madrasa head and teacher performance, and knowing the relationship between leadership style and teacher performance. The research method uses a quantitative approach and a questionnaire is used as a research instrument. Data analysis used descriptive and correlation analysis techniques. Based on the results of the study, it was revealed that the leadership style of the madrasa head consisting of autocratic, participation, democracy and free control was quite good, with the frequency level of the leadership style used being democratic, participation, free and autocratic control. This leadership has a significant impact on good teacher performance in carrying out their duties and responsibilities such as planning, implementing and assessing learning well; there is a significant positive correlation to teacher performance obtained from the democratic leadership style of the madrasa head; there is a significant positive correlation of teacher performance arising from the participatory leadership style of the madrasa principal; there is a significant positive relationship between the free control teacher's leadership style and teacher performance; and there is a significant positive relationship between the principal's leadership style and teacher performance