Correct Conditions Research Articles

Publisher Correction: Robust abatement pathways to tolerable climate futures require immediate global action

The previous ‘Journal peer review information’ for this Letter was incorrect. The correct statement is “Nature Climate Change thanks Jan Kwakkel, Francesca Pianosi and Matthias Weitzel for their contribution to the peer review of this work.” This statement has now been amended.

The advantage of the method of hierarchy analysis, the statistical methods of decision support

The Work is devoted to the analysis of the effectiveness of the use of statistical methods and MAI with the support of decision–making aimed at configuring the security system of an economic object. On practical examples the insufficiency of statistical methods of decision support is shown. It is theoretically and practically demonstrated that the method of hierarchy analysis allows simplifying the process of making complex decisions based on diverse and unstructured information on economic objects. It is defined that the correct statement of a problem in the process of application of MAI, a task of initial, boundary conditions, selection of experts and a choice of criteria is of great importance. The conclusion is made about the advantages of MAI over other methods.

Individual identification and correction of mistakes in statements of biochemical significance: An effective learning process for graduate medical students.

Focused self-directed learning process needs to be promoted at present among graduate medical students in view of the information load and limited time available with them. In this study, comparison of the effect of identifying and correcting the mistakes in a given set of wrong statements with the effect of studying correct statements individually by graduate medical students on their understanding of the topic "Cancer Biology" was carried out. At the end of regular teaching module, students were asked to identify the mistakes in a set of seven incorrect statements and correct them individually without peer consultation. Another set of seven correct statements were also provided to them and were asked to study their significance. The effects on low, medium, and high achievers were evaluated by pre- and post-tests with the same set of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Mean post-test marks were significantly higher among all the three groups compared to pretest marks for the wrong statements given. For the correct statements, the post-test marks were significantly higher than the pretest marks only for the low and medium achievers. The gain from identifying the mistakes was higher than studying the correct statements for all the three groups of students. Individual correction of errors in statements is a superior active learning process in comparison to the study of correct statements. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(4):476-480, 2019.

Solvability to some strongly degenerate parabolic problems

Nonlinear parabolic equations of “divergence form,” ut=(φ(u)ψ(ux))x, are considered under the assumption that the “material flux,” φ(u)ψ(v), is bounded for all values of arguments, u and v. In literature such equations have been referred to as “strongly degenerate” equations. This is due to the fact that the coefficient, φ(u)ψ′(ux), of the second derivative, uxx, can be arbitrarily small for large value of the gradient, ux. The “hyperbolic phenomena” (unbounded growth of space derivatives within a finite time) have been established in literature for solutions to Cauchy problem for the above-mentioned equations. Accordingly one can expect a correct statement of the initial-boundary value problem for such equations only under additional assumptions on the problem data. In this paper we describe several restrictions, under which the initial-boundary value problems for strongly degenerate parabolic equations are well-posed.

HIV- and AIDS-related knowledge and attitude of residents in border regions of Vietnam

BackgroundResidents in border areas are vulnerable to HIV/AIDS due to high rates of risk behaviors such as unprotected sexual practices or illicit drug use. Improving knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment are vital to diminish the burden of the HIV epidemic in this setting. However, evidence about this issue in Vietnam has been limited. This study aims to explore the knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS among people in Vietnam border zones.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in three border communes in Thanh Hoa province with 600 HIV(−) residents. Data about socio-demographic characteristics, general HIV knowledge, knowledge about prevention of mother-to-child transmission, treatment and care, HIV testing services, and attitude toward HIV/AIDS were collected. Multivariate Tobit regression was used to determine related factors with the knowledge and attitude.ResultsThe highest percentage of people having correct statements was for “HIV could be transmitted from mother to child” (98.2%), while the lowest percentage was for item “Know health facilities where HIV-positive people could register for care and check-up” (28.2%). People had the highest score in “Knowledge about HIV transmission routes” and the lowest score in “Knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention measures”. Most of the people were not afraid of being exposed to HIV-positive individuals (66.0%), willing to buy goods from HIV-positive sellers (78.9%), and willing to take care of people living with HIV in their family (90.1%). Education, ethnic, marital status, occupations, and HIV/AIDS information sources were found to be associated with knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS.ConclusionsThe general knowledge and attitude on HIV/AIDS of residents were relatively good. Educational campaigns to improve knowledge and attitude toward PLWH, involving peer educators and local associations, are potential strategies for sustaining HIV intervention in this remote setting.

Corrigendum to: Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions for the p-Laplace operator: What is in between?

The implication $(i)\Rightarrow (ii)$ of Theorem 2.1 in our article [1] is not true as it stands. We give here two correct statements which follow from the original proof.

On Generalized Solutions of Problems of Electromagnetic Wave Diffraction by Screens in the Closed Cylindrical Waveguides

In this article we propose to use special classes of the generalized functions in order to state the correct statement of some diffraction problems of electromagnetic waves by thin conducting screens in the cylindrical waveguides with conducting walls. As the generalized solutions, such mappings are considered which assign a linear functional defined on the linear shell of the set of the functions satisfying the corresponding boundary conditions to every value of longitudinal space coordinate. The traces of the solutions on the cross-section of the cylindrical domain are interpreted in the generalized sense. The infinite sets of linear algebraic equations are derived immediately from the generalized boundary conditions. We show that it is advisable to use the boundary conditions for the normal components of the electromagnetic field.

A Look Back at the Evolution of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act and the Present-Day Impact on ‘Overlooked and Belated Issues’ — Electronic Nicotine Delivery Products and the Youth Epidemic, Menthol, Graphic Warnings and Corrective Statements

Although smoking has plagued the United States for generations, it was not until the past several years that smoking received more serious scrutiny. Yet, the reality is that as far back as the 1960s, tobacco products posed a serious threat to human health as evidenced by the Surgeon General’s report explaining that smoking causes cancer. Fast forward to current times, the Centers for Disease Control (“CDC”) has determined that over 1,300 people in the United States die each day due to smoking and over sixteen million Americans have a disease attributed to smoking. The CDC concluded that in the United States, cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths annually, and secondhand smoke exposure caused more than 41,000 of these deaths. These statistics do not just cover the older generations that many associate with smoking. Over the years, the numbers in teen smoking statistics have escalated since the 1990s. Based on CDC statistics, about 2,000 youth start smoking their initial cigarette, and 300 youth become day-to-day smokers. This means that using current rates of smoking among youth, 5.6 million Americans younger than eighteen years of age are expected to die prematurely from a smoking-related illness. This denotes about 1 in every 13 Americans aged seventeen years or younger who are alive today. The Center for Tobacco Products (“CTP”) within the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) regulates tobacco products with a mission of diminishing tobacco related deaths and diseases. Since its creation, the CTP has maintained a critical mission on educating youth about the dangers of smoking. Yet, teen use of tobacco related products has increased. The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA or Tobacco Act) became law on June 22, 2009. This legislation conferred authority to the FDA to regulate tobacco products. The FSPTCA amended the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) and other federal laws by permitting FDA regulatory authority over of tobacco products. This includes cigarettes, cigarette tobacco, roll-your-own tobacco, and smokeless tobacco. Yet, the FSPTCA, when enacted, was silent on issues of e-cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and were eventually “deeming” as part of the FSPTCA. There are a myriad of matters concerning tobacco products regulation. However, this article highlights critical issues important to the public health in the United States. This article provides an overview of tobacco products regulation, including the FSPTCA. Yet, issues persist such as undue delay in reissuing graphic warnings for cigarettes and lengthy legal battles over the language used in court-ordered corrective statements. Further, the FSPTCA was silent on other tobacco products besides traditional cigarettes such as cigars, pipe tobacco and ENDS including e-cigarettes. To overcome the lack of inclusion in the FSPTCA, deeming regulations were enacted. Despite the deeming regulations, the use of tobacco products, including vaping and e-cigarettes, has escalated. Finally, this article discusses the FDA’s accomplishments along with further recommendations to stem the rise in youth use of e-delivery products.

Political Parties and Their Funding in Germany

In Germany, as in most modern democracies, the funding of political parties is a sensitive issue and even after a changeful history of party funding with many scandals the present model is not perfect. There is a combination of private funding and partial public funding (which must, however, not affect the freedom of the political parties from state influence [Staatsfreiheit der Parteien]), flanked by strict rules of financial accountability. Donations are the most controversial element. There is neither a ban on donations from companies nor an absolute limit for donations. Only donations of more than 50 000 € must be reported immediately and will be made public in a timely manner so that it is ensured that the citizens are informed about them before the next elec­tions. Con­cer­ning public funding, there is an indirect funding through income tax reductions on membership fees and (limited) on donations, plus a direct public funding (per vote and per contribution), which must not be higher than the revenue from private fun­ding. Since 2017, parties seeking to undermine or abolish the free and democratic constitutional order shall be excluded from the public funding. In order to ensure transparency, every party must submit for each calender year a correct and exhaustive audited public statement of accounts. In case of illegal donations or incorrectness of the state­ment there are sanctions, which are, however, rather soft. The Council of Europe’s Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) has criticised the intransparency arising from the fact that party donations up to 50 000 € do not need to be reported immediately but only in the annual statement of accounts, which may be published several months after the elections influenced by them. So there is still room for improvement.

On the correct statement of free-phase variational problems

We consider problems with free phase. The well-posed determination of the approxi­mating solutions is proved depending on the errors of the right-hand sides of the equations. Cite as: Yu. P. Topolyuk, “On the correct statement of free-phase variational problems,” Prykl. Probl. Mekh. Mat. , Issue 16, 43–49 (2018) (in Ukrainian), https://doi.org/10.15407/apmm2018.16.43-49

Correction to: Thermodynamic Study on MgO Solubility in High-Alumina-Content Slag System

In the original article, the project number under Acknowledgements section is incorrect which is now corrected in this erratum. The correct statement should read as follows.

Reception and willingness to share pseudo‐profound bullshit and their relation to other epistemically suspect beliefs and cognitive ability in Slovakia and Romania

SummaryPropensity to judge randomly generated, syntactically correct (i.e., bullshit) statements as profound is associated with a variety of conceptually relevant variables (e.g., intuitive cognitive style and supernatural beliefs). Besides generalizing these findings to a different cultural setting, we examined the relationships to sharing the bullshit on social media. Rating nonsense as profound was associated with a lower cognitive ability; a stronger belief in the paranormal, alternative medicine, and conspiracies; and ontological confusion. The more profound a statement was rated to be, the more likely it was to be shared, and propensity for sharing bullshit was predicted by ontological confusion and religious beliefs. Bullshit receptivity and sharing may be closely related to several dimensions of epistemically suspect beliefs; people with these propensities are relatively open to vague statements resembling New Age spirituality.

Retracted: Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Enteritidis Isolates Recovered from Chicken, Chicken Breast, and Humans Through National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Between 1996 and 2014.

The online e-pub version of the article entitled, Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Enteritidis Isolates Recovered from Chicken, Chicken Breast, and Humans Through National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Between 1996 and 2014" by Paudyal N, Pan H, Li X. Fang W. Yue M., Foodborne Pathog Dis [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2402 is being officially retracted from Foodborne Pathogens and Disease (FPD) due to a significant number of errors in reporting and miscalculations of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) datasets reported in the paper. Authors evaluated NARMS data, which are in the public domain, and analyzed a subset of NARMS data to address questions about a specific serotype of Salmonella in humans and chicken meat. Authors analyzed Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from humans, chicken and retail chicken meat, with their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to a range of commonly used antibiotics in the US collected over a period of 1996-2014 by NARMS, to segregate isolates based on their MIC value for a certain antimicrobial and evaluate their relationship along the foodborne transmission pathway. NARMS has data on more than 185,000 isolates that can be downloaded in an accessible format. To help make these large data sets more accessible, the NARMS teams continue to develop new tools to enable users to explore them according to their own interests. As a public health surveillance system, the goal is continuous improvement and open, transparent data sharing. The NARMS partners believe this is the best way to foster a collaborative effort to combat antibiotic resistance. After the online-ahead-of-print version of the paper, which used a subset of NARMS data, was published, a significant concern was brought to the attention of the Editor-in-Chief of FPD indicating that the article contained several significant errors which could potentially lead to a misunderstanding of the resistance situation in the United States. Of particular import is with regard to the authors of the paper reversing the poultry and human resistance data found in Figure 2, which displays the overall antimicrobial resistance data and is a central element of the article. The authors correctly state it in the text, but the figure is incorrect. Additionally, there appeared to be an accidental omission of a reference to a published article which shows a strong association between quinolone-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis infections in humans and international travel (O'Donnell et al., 2014) This appears to be a critical oversight given that the intention of the study was to analyze the NARMS data to help understand the dynamics of Salmonella transmission. The authors of the published article were notified of this communication by the Editor of FPD and were provided an opportunity to respond, which they quickly did. The corresponding author, Dr. Min Yue, agreed that after he and his team reanalyzed the data, there were indeed errors in the published paper and supplied revised versions of Figure 2 and supplemental Figure 3, as well as providing a significantly revised version of the manuscript, based upon the criticisms levied against the published paper. After giving the revised manuscript and figures very careful consideration, and after significant probing of his own, the Editor of FPD determined that the significantly revised manuscript, coupled with the multiple errors presented in the figures, is simply far too weighty for a correction statement to be issued, and determined a full retraction of the published article was warranted. It is important to note that there is no indication whatsoever that the errors or miscalculations were intentional, and that Dr. Yue and his team quickly and honestly replied to the concerns raised about their work. However, in the interest of upholding the proper protocols of peer review, and in accurate and truthful reporting in the scientific literature, the Editor of Foodborne Pathogens and Diseases is issuing this full and formal retraction of the article.

Effects of the Teacher Versus Students Game on Teacher Praise and Student Behavior

The Teacher versus Students Game is a variation of the Good Behavior Game (Barrish et al. in J Appl Behav Anal 2:119–124, 1969. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1969.2-119 ) in which students compete against the teacher to earn points and win the game. Students earn points when they follow rules, whereas the teacher earns points when they do not. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the game decreased students’ off-task behaviors while increasing teachers’ use of behavior-specific praise. Participants were five teachers and fifteen students (some with disabilities and some without) across five fourth and fifth grade elementary school general education classrooms, who were identified by their teachers as engaging in frequent off-task behavior. Results indicated that the game decreased off-task behavior for all students. The game also increased teachers’ use of behavior-specific praise statements, minimally increased general praise statements, and decreased corrective statements for all but one of the teachers.

Técnicas de higiene brônquica em recém-nascidos e lactentes na unidade de terapia intensiva: revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos

INTRODUÇÃO: A fisioterapia respiratória tem obtido um importante espaço e reconhecimento ao possibilitar resultados de grande eficácia no tratamento intensivo do recém-nascido (RN) e do lactente. Um dos importantes objetos de trabalho da fisioterapia na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) neonatal e pediátrica são as técnicas de higiene brônquica rotineiramente utilizadas, as quais apresentam grande variabilidade. OBJETIVO: Verificar as evidências científicas a respeito dos possíveis efeitos benéficos ou adversos, indicações e contraindicações das técnicas de higiene brônquica mais utilizadas no RN e no lactente na UTI. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, utilizando ensaios clínicos, sem delimitação temporal, baseada no protocolo PRISMA. Foram utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, PEDro e ScienceDirect. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados um total de 154 artigos, apenas 10 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Destes 5 (50%) associam tapotagem/percussão torácica, drenagem postural, aspiração de vias aéreas superiores e/ou traqueal e vibração e/ou vibrocompressão torácica manual; 1 (10%) associa drenagem, vibração e percussão; 1 (10%) associa vibrocompressão e aspiração nasotraqueal; 1 (10%) associa percussão e vibração torácica; 1 (10%) estudo utiliza a aspiração traqueal e 1 (10%) utiliza a vibrocompressão torácica manual. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos estudos encontrados não relataram contraindicações relevantes para impedir o uso de técnicas de higiene brônquica na UTI neonatal e pediátrica, entretanto, alguns resultados foram controversos quanto a sua correta e eficaz indicação.

Modern God created the soil on Saturday A recent critical study

The research examined a recent study "God created soil on Saturday " which is one of the ahaadeeth that the scholars differed in old and new, between this research the attitudes of scientists from talking and the Board with discussion and the correct statement, as well as it came with scientific benefits and accurate results and edited, and if we strive to reach our goal I hope to God that we have agreed to the good hopefully exalted.

Corrigendum.

ImmunologyVolume 155, Issue 1 p. 150-151 CorrigendumFree Access Corrigendum This article corrects the following: Amelioration of experimental colitis after short-term therapy with glucocorticoid and its relationship to the induction of different regulatory markers Helioswilton Sales-Campos, Patrícia R. Souza, Paulo J. Basso, Viviani Nardini, Angelica Silva, Fernanda Banquieri, Vanessa B. F. Alves, Javier E. L. Chica, Auro Nomizo, Cristina R. B. Cardoso, Volume 150Issue 1Immunology pages: 115-126 First Published online: October 7, 2016 First published: 19 August 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.12955AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat In,1 the authors would like to correct the following statement made under the section titled ‘Glucocorticoid treatment is able to improve intestinal architecture and to modulate inflammatory infiltrate in intestine’: “However, upon receiving treatment with exogenous GC, mice had a notable reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate with an early re-establishment of the colonic architecture and re-epithelialization at day 6. This amelioration was followed by the recovery of goblet cells, which probably accounted for restored mucus production in the gut (Fig. 2c, right panel).” The correct statement should be: “However, upon receiving treatment with exogenous GC, mice had a notable reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate with an early re-establishment of the colonic architecture and re-epithelialization at day 6. This amelioration was followed by the recovery of goblet cells, which probably accounted for restored mucus production in the gut (Fig. 2a, right panel).” Also, the authors detected unintentional error in the color bars of the graphics presented on figures 2b and 2c. The correct figure 2 is presented below. The authors apologize for the error and any confusion that it may have caused. Reference 1Sales-Campos H, de Souza PR, Basso PJ, Nardini V, Silva A, Banquieri F et al. Amelioration of experimental colitis after short-term therapy with glucocorticoid and its relationship to the induction of different regulatory markers. Immunology 2017; 150: 115– 26. Volume155, Issue1September 2018Pages 150-151 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Pelatihan Pembuatan Laporan Keuangan Bagi UMKM Sebagai Informasi Untuk Pengambilan Keputusan

The purpose of this dedication for Pisangan Village Community through financial statement training for small business in collaboration with partners of Citra Kencana Community is to improve the understanding of partners in making financial report especially income statement. The problem facing partners is not mastering how to create a correct financial statement. The financial statements can be used by partners as a benchmark of business performance and business financial analysis tools. Therefore, the methods used in this activity are: (1) convey material about basic concepts of accounting, (2) convey material about components of income statement, (3) provide business simulation and recording financial statements through educational game business accounting (4) the practice of preparing the business income statement and analysis by the entrepreneur, (5) advising / consulting the profit-loss statement. Besides, regression test is done through event study approach to know the impact of training for knowledge of financial report objectives and understanding of financial reporting from the community after getting the training. The result of this activity is increasing both knowledge and understanding of society in making financial report. This is shown by the direction of a positive and significant relationship between training with community knowledge and understanding.
 Keywords: Financial statement, Small entrepreneurship, Business analysis

Erratum to “On a Classical Theorem on the Diameter and Minimum Degree of a Graph”

The original version of the article was published in [1]. Unfortunately, the original version of this article contains a mistake: in Theorem 6.2 appears that β(n, Δ) = (n−Δ+5)/4 but the correct statement is β(n, Δ) = (n − Δ + 4)/4. In this erratum we correct the theorem and give the correct proof.

Correction to: Comparison of Adipose Distribution Indices with Gold Standard Body Composition Assessments in the EMPA-REG H2H SU Trial: A Body Composition Sub-Study.

In the original publication, disclosure statement for the author Ian J. Neeland was published incorrectly. The correct statement should read as "Ian J. Neeland received financial assistance for publishing/article processing fees from Boehringer Ingelheim".