Corporeal Self Research Articles

Corporeal Objects and the Interdependence of Perception and Action

This paper is about how action and perception are related in self–awareness. The main positive claim is that bodily awareness may consist in perceptual experiences that are sufficient to provide corporeal objects with introspective self–awareness. The short–term goal is to examine the grounds and motivations for strong versions of the claim that the self–awareness of corporeal objects is dependent on the exercise of their agency. As examples of ‘patient perceivers’ show, we should not underestimate the resources that perceptual experience alone offers to corporeal selves.

Corporate image as collective ethos: a poststructuralist approach

This paper discusses the idea of projecting corporate image in terms of culturally regulated codes of appeals by using, mainly, the examples of ad campaigns by some US business companies in the post‐9/11 environment. The image of patriotism those companies are aspiring to suggests corporate imagery can be a shared social phenomenon, i.e. collective ethos, thus raising questions about the traditional approach to corporate imagery, which is summarized as “self‐representation.” The way to build up collective ethos is through Burke’s “identification,” seen as both a strategy and goal of communication. The paper also provides an overview of rhetorical theory on using image as a presentation strategy to explore the reason why it has been treated in history as a way for self‐projection, or representation of a “corporate self.”

Corporate self, corporate reputation and corporate annual reports: re-enrolling Goffman

Although Goffman's work is widely invoked in the study of corporate reputations and of corporate annual reports, its use is often marked by an elision between the embodied self and the corporate ‘self’. In re-reading Goffman to clarify that effect, we bracket the assumption of a distinct ‘human nature’. We then select aspects of his ‘impression management’—defining the situation, holding secrets, invoking tact, passing the discreditable, and covering ‘dirty work’—to show how one Australian-based multinational forestry and manufacturing company, Amcor, uses its annual reports to set the interactive terms for construction of its reputation.

The experiences of elderly people in geriatric care with special reference to integrity.

The aim of this study was to obtain an increased understanding of the experiences of elderly people in geriatric care, with special reference to integrity. Data were collected through qualitative interviews with elderly people and, in order to obtain a description of caregivers' integrity-promoting or non-promoting behaviours, participant observations and qualitative interviews with nursing students were undertaken. Earlier studies on the integrity of elderly people mainly concentrated on their personal and territorial space, so Kihlgren and Thorsén opened up the possibility of considering the concept of integrity from a broader view by recognizing its relationship to the larger framework of the self-concept. Based on this, findings in the present study indicate that elderly people's integrity relating to their corporal self were the least violated. On the other hand, their psychological, information and cultural selves were the most exposed. The study also identified a further dimension (i.e. one relating to social self), which should be included in the concept of integrity because respecting elderly people's social self reduces their feelings of loneliness, isolation and seclusion. In summary, the results indicate that the concept of integrity is complex and has several dimensions.

Akrasija ir subjektas egonomikoje

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama klasikinės akrasijos problemos transformacija egonomikoje – tarpdisciplininėje tyrimų srityje, metodologiškai susijusioje su postanalitine filosofija. Lyginami akrasijos apibrėžimai analitinėje (D. Davidsonas) filosofijoje, kur ji suprantama kaip laisvi sąmoningi veiksmai, priešingi geriausiam veikėjo sprendimui, ir egonomikoje, kur ji apibrėžiama kaip transtemporaliai nenuoseklus elgesys, taip pat akrasijos problemos kėlimo būdai. Nušviečiami įdomesni egonomikos rezultatai, pasiekti nagrinėjant veikėjo savikontrolės mechanizmus, didžiausią dėmesį skiriant asmeninių taisyklių veiksmingumo sąlygų tyrimams (J. Elsteris, G. Ainslie, R. Nozickas). Analizuojamas egonomikos (D. Parfitas) indėlis į filosofinio mąstymo tradiciją, kvestionuojančią monolitinio subjekto sąvoką, atskleidžiamos paralelės ir ryšiai tarp savikontrolės ir racionalių veikėjų kooperacijos problemų. Parodomi panašumai ir skirtumai tarp subjekto analizės egonomikoje ir jo „ekspropriacijos“ kontinentinėje filosofijoje. Remiantis D. C. Dennetto pateikta žmogiškojo elgesio aiškinimų metateorine analize, egonomika vertinama kaip atskiras „homunkuliarinio funkcionalizmo“ strategijos pritaikymas, euristiškai panaudojantis intencionalinės nuostatos konceptualinius išteklius pakeliui į elgesio aiškinimą konstrukcinėje nuostatoje.

Possible mechanisms of anosognosia: a defect in self-awareness.

Anosognosia of hemiplegia is of interest for both pragmatic and theoretical reasons. We discuss several neuropsychological theories that have been proposed to explain this deficit. Although for psychological reasons people might deny deficits, the denial hypothesis cannot account for the hemispheric asymmetries associated with this disorder and cannot explain why some patients might deny one deficit and recognize another equally disabling deficit. There is some evidence that faulty feedback from sensory deficits, spatial neglect and asomatognosia might be responsible for anosognosia in some patients. However, these feedback hypotheses cannot account for anosognosia in all patients. Although the hemispheric disconnection hypothesis is appealing, disconnection is probably only a rare cause of this disorder. The feedforward intentional theory of anosognosia suggests that the discovery of weakness is dependent on attempted action and some patients might have anosognosia because they do not attempt to move. We present evidence that supports this theory. The presence of one mechanism of anosognosia, however, does not preclude the possibility that other mechanisms might also be working to produce this disorder. Although a large population study needs to be performed, we suspect that anosognosia might be caused by several of the mechanisms that we have discussed. On the basis of the studies of impaired corporeal self-awareness that we have reviewed, we can infer that normal self-awareness is dependent on several parallel processes. One must have sensory feedback and the ability to attend to both one's body and the space where parts of the body may be positioned or acting. One must develop a representation of the body, and this representation must be continuously modified by expectations (feedforward) and knowledge of results (feedback).

Governmental incentives for corporate self regulation

This article presents an overview of traditional legal and regulatory incentives directed at achieving lawful corporate behavior, together with examples of more recent governmental incentives aimed at encouraging self regulation activities by corporations. These incentives have been differentiated into ’positive‘ incentives that benefit corporations for actions that encourage or assist lawful behavior, and ‘punitive’ incentives that only punish corporations for violations of legal or regulatory standards. This analysis indicates that traditional legal and regulatory incentives for lawful corporate behavior are overwhelmingly punitive in their intended effects, while more recent governmental incentives to encourage voluntary corporate self regulation are much more positive in their intended effects. A prototype private compliance system containing typical features specified in governmental incentives for corporate self regulation was then analyzed applying the same positive/punitive analysis that was performed with the governmental incentives. This analysis suggests that corporate compliance programs that are structured to comply with Department of Defense regulations for defense contractors or the new Federal Organizational Sentencing Guidelines will reflect the same overwhelmingly ‘punitive’ balance of incentives for lawful and ethical employee conduct as do the traditional legal and regulatory incentive systems for lawful corporate behavior. Finally, the question of whether governmental incentives for corporate self regulation are succeeding was investigated by examining the behavior of the Fortune 1000 companies in enacting or revising corporate codes of conduct, an essential feature of every governmental-encouraged system for corporate self regulation, during the period 1960 to 1994. This data indicates a dramatic growth in the enactment of voluntary corporate codes of conduct by the Fortune 1000 companies in the period 1985–1994 that broadly parallels the growth in positive governmental incentives for such programs. In addition, several dramatic increases in code enactment and revision activity that occurred, coincide with specific governmental incentives for private compliance programs offered during that period.

If I am only my genes, what am I? Genetic essentialism and a Jewish response.

With the advent of the Genetic Age comes a unique new set of problems and ethical decisions. There is a tendency to take the scientific developments presented by modern genetics at face value, as if the science itself were value-neutral and not influenced by cultural and religious images. One example of the fallout of the Genetic Age is the development of a "genetic self," the idea that our essential selfhood lies in our genes. It is important to understand the assumptions of the Genetic Age, the development of genetic selfhood, and the broader cultural trends and assumptions that underlie modern genetic thinking. It is equally important, however, to shape a reaction to the concept of a genetic self. Judaism has long carried on a unique discussion about the nature of selfhood in different times and places and about the relation of the corporeal self to the essential self. Insights from Judaism therefore may help to craft a reaction to the modern genetic self that incorporates the best of modern genetics as well as the integrity of a more transcendent selfhood.

Violation of the patient's integrity, seen by staff in long-term care.

The aim of the study was to describe the views held by staff (n = 233) in long-term care on what they regard as a violation of patient's integrity and to define the concept "integrity" in simple terms. The design of the investigation was inductive. The answers were coded into 775 items. Agreement was reached between the authors on 770 of the items when sorted into 13 categories: the unique personality, autonomous self, personal opinions, secret self, personal competence, professional self, family self, cultural self, information self, personal properties, private territory, corporal self, and ridiculing. The number of categories shows a great variation in the ordinary language definitions given by staff. It was also shown in two other ways: the difference in the level of abstraction in the items, and the fact that integrity referred to the patient, directly or indirectly. Our conclusion is that integrity by the staff reflects an ethical value and not a personal trait. If the staff have to violate the patient's integrity, because other vital values are involved, it is absolutely essential that they consider the ethical aspects of the situation carefully. Such violation demands that they preserve their respect for the patient to the greatest extent possible. It seems important in the training of different staff groups to show the complexity in the concept "integrity" and the ethical dilemmas that arise, especially in the interaction with vulnerable patients who are not able to protect and maintain their own integrity.

Phases of the Moon

Martin Enscombe considered himself a man of the world. Well, perhaps a man of the universe might be a more accurate description, since he believed his life under the absolute influence of cosmic forces, his corporeal self subject to the universal flux. T am a mere matter of particles,' he assured his wife when she raised objections to his desire for intercourse at regular intervals throughout the night (and day). 'Particles are mere matter. I am attracted by forces beyond my control to other particles. That means you. We do not choose,' he said, embracing her, 'we obey the laws.'...

Integrity

Integrity

Hermeneutics, Semiotics, and the 19th-Century Quest for a Corporeal Self

In an attempt to better understand the societies they investigate, a growing number of intellectual historians have begun to tum their attention to examining cultural meanings as well as the structures of society. Drawing upon developments in intellectual history, as well as on social science theories that are concemed with hermeneutics (interpretation of texts) and semiotics (the study of signs and symbols), this paper discusses possible future directions for research in the history of sport and physical education. Two of many possible areas of investigation are suggested: (a) the rise of such 19th-century sporting spectacles as the Oxford-Cambridge crew race, the Harvard-Yale football game (the prototype for all similar American contests), and the modem Olympic Games, and (b) the impact of developments in 19th-century biology (the life sciences) on ideas about health, physical education, and athletic sport.

The Corporeal Self: Allegories of the Body in Melville and Hawthorne. Sharon Cameron

The Corporeal Self: Allegories of the Body in Melville and Hawthorne. Sharon Cameron

Corporate self renewal

In this article President Haggerty of Texas Instruments discusses the problem: How can an organization become older and yet stay flexible and adaptable. He explains how at Texas Instruments he has tried to develop a system or framework within which continuous innovation, renewal and rebirth can occur. The system involves innovation in research and development, in production and in marketing, and means that “at Texas Instruments, the long range planning system is fundamentally a system for managing innovation”. The inception of formal planning to identify and state succinctly in writing the strategies required for growth and development, has produced a sizable increase in the production of Major Impact Strategies with a potential pay-off of $50 million net sales over five years.

Self-identification among adolescent boys.

Many psychologists maintain that the child allies himself more closely with the physical aspects of his existence as represented by his and its function than he does with the mental and emotional aspects because these latter are less accessible and tangible to him (6). Social relationships are carried out with the body, and as a social vehicle it becomes important in the judgments that are made about the total self. From the time of Hall's first writings, adolescent psychology texts have emphasized the upsurge of concern with the and its adequacy at adolescence. Several investigators have pointed out that the strong, muscular type of physique is a social advantage among adolescent boys. Cabot (2) found athletosomic boys more ascendant, extroverted, creative and less socially introverted than those having leptosomic or pyknic physiques. He concludes that the physique regarded as good is a strong determinant in traits which are fundamentally social in their genesis and development. The California Adolescent Growth Studies have indicated that the late maturing boy is likely to suffer some degree of social isolation because of his lag in physical development (4, 5). The immature of the late-maturing girl does not seem to ostracize her to the same extent. In these studies the adult investigators make the judgment of whether a physique is good or poor, it being assumed that the adolescent boys' judgment proceeds from the same base-line used by the adult. Those who have been interested in the body image, or picture of the which the adolescent is forming in this preoccupation with his corporeal self, believe this image is sharpened by evaluation in terms of what their peers regarded as a good physique.