Corporate Existence Research Articles

NEO-COLONIALISM AND THE DEVELOPMENTAL CHALLENGES OF POST-COLONIAL AFRICA

<div><p class="Els-history-head">Liberal political economists typically ascribe the reasons, natures, and dynamics of development and security in the global South, including Africa, Asia, and Latin America, to internal deficiencies. As a result, among other things, weak institutions, policy deficits, ethnicity, corruption, bad leadership, and all other signs of an entity in desperate need of salvation have been recognized as dangers to the corporate existence and survival of African and other developing countries. While the decolonization of African and other developing countries has provided impacted peoples a sense of political belonging, the historical processes required to promote these nations' economic potential have been weakened. As a result, the capacity of postcolonial states to chart their development paths and reinvent themselves has been malignly berated, denied, and frustrated by neo-colonialist aspirations, strategies, and actions, those who had grudgingly and dishonestly foisted cancerous independence on the entire continent of Africa and other Third World regions. Relying, as it should, given the qualitative nature of the study, the study assesses the implications of the neo-colonial legacies for Nigeria's development aspiration.</p></div>

Ethno-Regionalism And Political Party Loyalty In The Gambia: A Fracture In The Newly-Found-Democracy

This article interrogates what inspires the resurgence of ethno-regional political party loyalty in contemporary Gambian politics. It explores the relationship between ethnicity/regionalism and political party affiliation and the possible impact of ethnic politics on ideal democratic ethos and development in the small West African state. The article demonstrates how people sought security to reduce the uncertainty they face in a seemingly competitive and hostile world through the invocation of firm lost values as a way to rebuild a life in which they can achieve emotional and perhaps, physical safety. The study adopts a qualitative method of data collection, using a purposive sampling technique to select a sample size of 30; it relied extensively, inter alia, on the use of primary data obtained from the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) The Gambia, and as well as secondary data sources. The study reveals that ethno-regionalism continues to influence partisan loyalty and thus electoral outcomes in The Gambia. It further reveals that the turbulent pre and immediate post-2016 Presidential election of The Gambia resulted in ethnic motivated political party loyalty, fear of violent reprisals, and accusatory rhetoric. This in a way, resulted from political elites' exploit of people's ethnic consciousness in an attempt to oust President Jammeh in 2016. The split-over effect of this continues to jeopardise the corporate existence of various identities in the country and strain efforts to build a peaceful, harmonious, and prosperous Gambia.

National Integration and Peaceful Co-Existence in Nigeria: The Role of Inter-Ethnic/Inter-Religious Marriages

It is no longer news that Nigeria as one united political and geographical entity has continued to experience inter-religious and inter-ethnic sentiments bickering, misunderstanding, mistrust which have constantly snowballed into crisis of tremendous proportion. As a result, many innocent lives and properties worth billions of naira have been lost. This ugly situation has continued to threaten the corporate existence of Nigeria and retrogressively affected the socioeconomic development of Nigeria. However, when there is no genuine effort to bring about genuine national integration, peaceful coexistence will definitely be a mirage. One of the factors or strategies identified as capable of fostering national integration and guaranteeing peaceful co-existence is inter-ethnic, inter-religious and even inter-communal marriages among the people of different ethnic groups and adherents of different religions in Nigeria. This paper clarifies concepts in the write-up and also points out how intermarriages can foster peace and unity. It also recommends that traditional and religious leaders should be encouraged to inspire those they watch over to embrace this type of mixed marriage in order to achieve sustainable national development and most importantly promote peaceful coexistence among different ethnic groups in Nigeria

Corporate Criminal Liability Arrangements in the IUS Constituendum

The development of science and technology and globalization were already unstoppable today, not only have a beneficial impact, but also often have a negative impact for example by the "globalization of crime" and the development of quality (modus of operation) and the quantity of criminal acts. Offenses rife nowadays with regard to the corporate existence of the corporation is a criminal offense that could result in serious and widespread impact, damage the joints of the nation and threatens the stability of the State. Therefore, the law should take back its role in order to create justice and welfare and in handling needed ways remarkable that one of them is to make the corporation as a subject of criminal law that is considered to be committing a crime and can be criminally).

Corporate Criminal Liability Arrangements in the IUS Constituendum

The development of science and technology and globalization were already unstoppable today, not only have a beneficial impact, but also often have a negative impact for example by the "globalization of crime" and the development of quality (modus of operation) and the quantity of criminal acts. Offenses rife nowadays with regard to the corporate existence of the corporation is a criminal offense that could result in serious and widespread impact, damage the joints of the nation and threatens the stability of the State. Therefore, the law should take back its role in order to create justice and welfare and in handling needed ways remarkable that one of them is to make the corporation as a subject of criminal law that is considered to be committing a crime and can be criminally).

Guilt and Shame in Western and African Ethics: A Comparative Analysis

ABSTRACTThe idea behind right and wrong is premised on ethics. There have been controversies about the philosophy of right and wrong in Western and African thoughts. There is a perception that the essential difference between right and wrong is honor-orientation versus justice-orientation, which is believed to be based on shame and guilt. With the aforementioned, the researcher sought to explore the comparative analysis on guilt and shame in Western and African ethics using a qualitative research design to make the investigation. It was discovered that Western ideas and beliefs are quite different from those of African society. Western ethical standards have been used wrongly to scan African ethics and ethical conducts and these African ethical conducts have not been given elaborate investigation and clarification. It concluded that using Western ethical standards to judge African moral ideas is biased and demeaning to philosophical scholarship. Some recommendations on extensive analysis and interpretation of moral values on the scale of guilt and shame as well as a rethink on morality as it relates to ethics and corporate existence were made.

Youth Restiveness in Nigeria: Implications on Sustainable National Development

Youth restiveness has become a topical issue for discussion in the social, economic and polity domain in Nigeria. It is a fact that Nigeria cannot thrive and progress significantly with youths who are restive. Nigeria’s peace, security and corporate existence as a nation is threatened because of the prevalence of this phenomenon. The causes of youth restiveness are connected to unemployment, lack of basic and inadequate infrastructural facilities and inadequate social amenities amongst others. The spiralling effect of youth restiveness are evident in Nigeria as ethnic militia, kidnapping, cultism, armed robbery, agitations and involvement in social insecurity. The causes and effects of youth restiveness have promoted uncertainties which have led to failure, fear and underdevelopment of most sectors in the Nigeria. The conflict theory explains that threatening events such as wars, revolution, domestic violence and others are as a result of competition and limited resources. Unfortunately, Nigeria’s government has not done enough by providing basic facilities, employment opportunities and effective empowerment programmes for the youths to be gainfully employed. This study holds unto the premise that in order to control youths in Nigeria, their skills, talents and education must be recognized, encouraged and channelled to the right sector in the society for growth, sustainable development and national peace. This paper reviewed the arguments surrounding youth restiveness in Nigeria alongside some recommendations on how the government could effectively be organized and responsible to counter the growing rate of youth restiveness in Nigeria.
 Keywords: Causes, Effects, Control Youth, Peace

Violent Conflict and National Development in Nigeria

Conflict is inevitable in any organization, however, the dimension at which violent conflicts are being perpetrated in Nigeria is unprecedented. It is to this extent that this study examines the causes, the perpetrators, and the effects of violent conflict on the people and national development in Nigeria. This is with a view to establishing development challenges in Nigeria and proffer pragmatic solutions. The data for the study were gathered from primary and secondary sources. The study revealed that violent conflict in Nigeria could not be dissociated from bad governance manifesting in inequality, injustice, unemployment, and poverty among others. Furthermore, the study revealed that violent conflict has become economic activities, and people provoke it, in other to have food on their tables and keep their bodies and souls together. The perpetrator of violent conflict as revealed by the study included – the pastoralists, insurgents, bandits, and extremists, the majority of whom are youth. The effects of violent conflict in Nigeria included – dispossession of people off the necessities of life; displacement of people; losses of vital parts of their bodies; while many lost their lives. Furthermore, violent conflict has led to the destruction of few infrastructural facilities in Nigeria; ruined many economic businesses; and chased away foreign investors. The study further revealed that violent conflict brought about an increase in crime rates, and consequently an increase in security spending. The study concluded that violent conflict is a clog to national development, beyond this, it is capable of jeopardising the corporate existence of the nation. The study recommends that the government and other stakeholders in Nigeria’s governance and administration should first of all address the issue of poverty and inequality.

Security And The Challenges Of Securing Nigerian State

Nigeria, like most developing States is still grappling with the task of nation – building, responsive democratic order and a just and secured polity. The task over the years has remained arduous and seemingly illusive. Presently, the menance of Boko Haram, the marauding herdsmen militancy, the new face of militancy in the Niger Delta, the spate of kidnappings, armed robberies, and ethno-regional intolerance, the vociferous separatist agitations in the South-East and South-South and the deteriorating living conditions have continued to create survival, stability and security challenges and threaten the very existence of Nigeria as a federation. Against this backdrop, this paper therefore attempts to identify some of the emerging trends of security challenges in Nigeria with a view to diagnosing their causes and examining their implications on the corporate existence of Nigeria. This paper adopted the analytical method and relied on the natural theory of state to posit that the solution to the disturbing trend of security challenges in Nigeria is employment generation and genuine implementation of poverty alleviation programmes in the polity

The Regulation of European Venture Capital Funds (‘Euvecas’)

Venture capital provides finance to undertakings that are generally very small, that are in the initial stages of their corporate existence and that display a strong potential for growth and expansion. In addition, venture capital funds provide undertakings with valuable expertise and knowledge, business contacts, brand equity and strategic advice. By providing finance and advice to those undertakings, venture capital funds stimulate economic growth, contribute to the creation of jobs and capital mobilization, foster the establishment and expansion of innovative undertakings, increase their investment in research and development and foster entrepreneurship, innovation and competitiveness. To that end, the EuVECAR as an optional specialist regime available to alternative investment fund managers (‘AIFMs’) registered or authorized under the AIFMD was adopted. AIFMs managing qualifying venture capital funds (‘EuVECA’) can optionally opt into using the ‘EuVECA’ label for these funds and market them to professional, and certain high net-worth investors through the EU under the EuVECA marketing passport. The EuVECAR establishes uniform rules, so that a clear demarcation line can be drawn between a qualifying venture capital fund and alternative investment funds (‘AIFs’) that engage in other, less specialized, investment strategies, which the EuVECAR is not seeking to promote. The EuVECAR establishes a uniform regulatory framework on the nature of EuVECAs, in particular on qualifying portfolio undertakings into which the qualifying venture capital funds are to be permitted to invest, and the investment instruments to be used. The EuVECAR is an optional regime. Where AIFMs do not wish to use the designation ‘EuVECA’ then the EuVECAR does not apply. In those cases, AIFMs may continue to base themselves upon labels under existing national rules and general EU law applies. This contribution discusses the EuVECAR legal framework. To that end, Section 2 discusses the EuVECAR’s scope, including the relationship between Full AIFMs managing EuVECAs that are subject to the AIFMD and the ‘EuVECAR regime’ for Small AIFMs managing EuVECAs. Section 3 focuses on the EuVECAR and the relationship between ‘intermediary’, ‘product’ and ‘marketing/sales regulation’. These are elaborated in more detail in Section 4 (‘manager regulation’), Section 5 (‘depositary regulation’), and Section 6 (‘marketing & sales regulation’). Section 7 explains the registration regime for both Full/Small AIFMs intending to manage EuVECAs and the ‘product’ EuVECA itself and Section 8 concludes.

WillowTree: Project Driven with a Product Mindset

WillowTree began as a small digital products company in 2007. By 2020, it had more than 500 full-time team members operating out of offices in four locations, and it had launched hundreds of digital products, including mobile apps, websites, voice assistants, and TV experiences. But also in 2020, WillowTree was facing the most significant challenge in its 12 years of corporate existence—a global pandemic.By analyzing how WillowTree blends project and product management, students will gain insights into how a digital products services company integrates a product mindset within contract-based projects, and get the opportunity to brainstorm how WillowTree can further adapt to provide a unique value proposition during the pandemic and beyond. Excerpt UVA-S-0338 Oct. 2, 2020 WillowTree: Project Driven with a Product Mindset Introduction WillowTree began as a small digital products start-up company based in Charlottesville, Virginia, in 2007. By 2020, WillowTree's more than 500 full-time team members had launched hundreds of digital products, including mobile apps, websites, voice assistants, and TV experiences. As WillowTree's website stated: We are driven by a simple goal: amaze our clients by delivering high quality digital products that solve their business needs, and ensuring our projects run smoothly, strategically and predictably. We not only create great products, we help our clients answer the strategic questions around what to build, and in what order. . . .

Building Security through Insecurity: The Nigerian Military and Counter-Violence Campaigns in the Fourth Republic

Since independence on October 1, 1960, Nigeria has been a victim, at one time or the other, of intra-ethnic, inter-ethnic, religious, and communal conflicts which have undermined the human security of her citizens. Nigeria’s corporate existence had also been threatened by 3 years (1967–1970) civil war which impacted negatively on the well-being of its people. In addition, the inability of the Nigerian Police to cope with the magnitude of the surge of violence in recent years has brought about the idea of involving the military, a core component of traditional security apparatus to deal with internal insecurity. This article is anchored on human security paradigm with reliance on secondary data to analyze the operations of the Nigerian Military in counterviolence campaigns between 1999 and 2017. This article points out that the involvement of the military in internal security has worsened the problem of insecurity due to the military’s unprofessional approach and, at times, deliberate targeting the civilian populace which it is supposed to protect. It, therefore, recommends among others, the need for the Federal Government of Nigeria to urgently review the role of the armed forces in addressing internal security situations in a way that will bring about respect for the rule of engagement in internal security operations and adherence to global best practices.

Corruption, Social Justice And Political Instability In Nigeria

Since the advent of democratic rule in Nigeria in 1999, hitherto long nurtured but suppressed feelings of neglect, marginalization, discrimination and domination by aggrieved communities, nationalities/sections of the society against the Nigerian state have burst in the open; and the political landscape has been inundated with separatist agitation movements, calls for resource control/true federalism and the restructuring of the polity. This has surreptitiously given vent to emergence of ethnic militia, escalation of youth restiveness, acts of kidnapping and hostage taking which have posed a threat to the corporate existence of Nigeria. This study is a modest contribution to the ongoing national discourse on governance and political instability in Nigeria. The study which is analytical adopts the rentier-state theory as its framework of analysis; it relies on secondary data sources and situates corruption at the epicenter of political instability in the country. The study argues that the clamour for restructuring of the Nigerian polity, separatist agitations and the crisis of governance in the country are a direct response to social injustice and the obstacles imposed on the nation’s development through acts of corruption. The study recommends among other things that corruption should attract severe penalty

Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria: 'Emergency and Onslaught'

This study examines Boko Haram insurgency in the North-East of Nigeria, with a perspective focus on how the sect emerges and the unprecedented onslaughts the group has unleashed on the population and the government of Nigeria. It also discusses the strategies and dynamics including the methodology their war farers adopted to carry out attacks on the public. The study uses theories to debate the sect’s emergence and politics most especially as it bothers on Nigeria’s configurations. It proffers solutions to addressing the menace against collapse of national security and the corporate existence of Nigeria as one nation in unity in diversity. The significance of the study is primarily to explain the emergence of terrorism in Nigeria brought by the Boko Haram sect. This necessitated the descriptive historical analysis made for this justification. This study examines Boko Haram insurgency in the North-East of Nigeria, with a perspective focus on how the sect emerges and the unprecedented onslaughts the group has unleashed on the population and the government of Nigeria. It also discusses the strategies and dynamics including the methodology their war farers adopted to carry out attacks on the public. The study uses theories to debate the sect’s emergence and politics most especially as it bothers on Nigeria’s configurations. It proffers solutions to addressing the menace against collapse of national security and the corporate existence of Nigeria as one nation in unity in diversity. The significance of the study is primarily to explain the emergence of terrorism in Nigeria brought by the Boko Haram sect. This necessitated the descriptive historical analysis made for this justification.

Corporate governance and performance of medium-sized firms in Nigeria: does sustainability initiative matter?

PurposeThe non-existence of the corporate governance (CG) concept for practices by non-financial medium-sized firms (MSFs) in Nigeria informed. This study aims to determine whether CG practices influence firms’ performance and whether sustainability initiative (SI) mediates the relationship between CG and MSFs’ performance in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachA total of 300 firms were selected on convenience sampling basis from South Western Nigeria using a structured questionnaire. The authors used Statistical Package for Social Sciences for exploratory data analysis and hypotheses were tested using covariance-based structural equation modelling.FindingsThe results show that CG has a significant positive effect on performance [financial performance (FNP) and non-financial performance (NFP)] and SI. SI has a mixed impact on performance, e.g. a significant positive impact on NFP but insignificant negative impact on FNP. Similarly, SI has a combined mediating effect in the relationship between CG and performance, e.g. fully mediates CG → NFP and does not mediate CG → FNP. Firms are to invest in social and environmental initiatives substantially. CG codes will complement the International Financial Reporting Standards for MSFs.Research limitations/implicationsThis study supports the assumptions of theories (institutional, stakeholder and agency) as the basis for the usage of multiple approaches to determine the outcome of hypotheses, especially in developing climes.Practical implicationsThe study contributes to CG and performance literature by examining the mediating effects of SI. The paper also shows the necessity to emphasise NFP aspect. Policymakers should evolve CG codes to encourage stakeholders to believe more in the corporate existence of MSFs for strengthening capital-base and quality personnel engagement.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first empirical attempts showing the evidence on the relationship between CG and NFP in Nigeria.

The construction of tenor, identities and power relations in online discourses on indigenous people of Biafra (Ipob)

Previous studies on ethnic, religious and political expressions and activities in Nigeria have examined issues such as religious and political intolerance between and among groups. In particular, the activities of pro-Biafra groups such as that of the Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), Biafra Zionist Movement (BZM), Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) and Biafra Independent Movement (BIM) among others in real life and in online forums have also been studied by scholars from different ideological and theoretical standpoints. However, none of these studies examined the deliberate expression of ethnic, religious and political identities and otherness in the discourses that emanate from the arrest, detention and trial of Nnamdi Kanu, the separatist founder of IPOB, by the government of Nigeria. This study aims at unearthing the deep sense of exclusion that underlies the reactions that trail his arrest and trial in online platforms. A total of twenty online comments were purposively selected and analysed within the tenets of critical discourse analysis (CDA) in order to unearth the ethnic, religious and political ideologies that underlie them. This study gives an insight into how individual and group ideologies in online discourses can threaten the autonomous face wants of others and also that of the corporate existence of the nation. The theoretical orientation adopted for the study leads to the understanding that ethnic, political and religious sentiments underlie the use of language in crisis/conflict situations in the Nigerian context. This study significantly espouses the notion that there is the need for equity, social justice and mutual trust between groups in Nigeria.

A Conceptual Framework for Enhancing Safety Performance by Impact Cooperation Facilitation, Safety Communication and Work Environment: Jordanian Hospitals

Safety in the workplace is essential to ensure organization survivability, constant operation and best work quality specifically in among the countries at the developing stage such as Jordan. Relatedly, safety performance is very crucial for organization performance measurement and corporate existence to practice safety management at workplace, and every level of organization structure. Thus, the need for enhancing safety at the work setting has been proposed by most scholars, industry practitioners and relevant stakeholders. Workers are exposed to a hazardous event at the workplace through chemical, ergonomic and biological exposures. Consequently, various degrees of accidents, injuries, and fatalities happened in the organization and lead to multiple levels of challenges to the organization and serve as indicator of poor safety performance within organization. Improvements in safety performance indicators are critical as they can help in improving organizational performance. The impact from poor safety performance indicator could be seen in various forms such as high medical bills, insurance costs and productivity losses. This paper develops a proposed safety performance framework for understanding safety management practices dimensions such as cooperation facilitation, and safety communication and feedback as antecedents of the work environment – the relationship of safety performance based on perceived social exchange theory (SET).

State Policing and the Political Restructuring Debate in Nigeria

Nigeria’s internal security could be perceived as the freedom from or absence of those tendencies which could undermine internal cohesion and the corporate existence of the nation and its ability to maintain its in dispensable contribution regarding spreading of its core values and socio-political and economic objectives, as well as meet the legitimate aspiration of Nigerians. The nature and intensity of security threats together with the performance of the Nigeria’s Security apparatus has hitherto provoked the inclusion of state policing as a substantive element of the political restructuring debate in Nigeria. Against this backdrop , the current study intends to highlight constraints and possibilities of community policing in maintaining internal security within the context of the political restructuring debate in Nigeria. The study will have far reaching impacts on the country’s internal security system, its procedures, rulings, and practices. The study is also of high significance; as it examines the functions of state policing in attaining a well-organized internal security system. This study utilizes both secondary and documentary analysis to reveal its findings. The study recommends key institutional reform like the political restructuring prognosis must be implemented in terms of structural changes to make policing more effective.

A reconstruction of Africa’s political culture in the purview of Fulani herdsmen current mode of operations in Nigeria

It is an established fact that Nigeria is the most populous nation in Africa. It is equally a common understanding that the internal political dynamics in Nigeria invariably, little or more, have their effects on the general well-being of Africa as a continent. In mind of this strategic position of Nigeria in relation to the majority of African nations, and in the light of the current mode of operation by the Fulani herdsmen in Nigeria; this study argues that a reconstruction of Nigeria’s Political Culture, and by extension, that of Africa as a whole is imperative. This is because, just like Nigeria, almost all African nations have the challenges associated with immigration. With the concept of communistic Culture as a proposed solution, it is believed in this study that a cue from it will to a greater extent solve the problems of immigration, that is, majority culture versus minority culture challenges in African nations’ corporate existence. Keywords: Reconstruction, Political Culture, Fulani, Herdsmen, Communistic Culture

Utilitarianism and the Challenges of Insecurity in Nigeria from 2015 to 2019

One defining character of Nigeria federalism is the heterogeneous nature comprising of over two hundred and fifty ethnic nationalities with diverse culture, religion and values. The current population of Nigeria is 199,617,970 based on the latest United Nations estimate. The country experienced a chequered history due to incessant military intervention after independence in 1960.The military finally relinquished power on the 29 th May, 1999 and since then, Nigeria has been plunged into one form of insecurity or the other. Hopes of better days ahead grow dim everyday and in 2015, insecurity was the campaign slogan against the then incumbent government and the political party that assumed power on 29 th May, 1999(The Peoples Democratic Party). The need for change was hinged on insecurity in view of the spate of violence causing deaths and destruction of properties from the acts of terrorism, banditry, ethnic clashes etc. The event from 2015 to 2019 has shown a geometric rise of the level of insecurity in Nigeria while other forms of insecurity have emerged. There are laws, security outfits as well as a legitimate government in place and yet the lives and properties of people are daily in danger. The objective of this study is to proffer solutions to the challenges of insecurity. The challenges of insecurity are placed at the doorstep of the government and the process of decision-making. The study recommends the application of the utilitarian ethics as a compass to chart the path of security to avoid senseless carnage that is a threat to the corporate existence of the nation. Keywords: Utilitarianism, insecurity, terrorism, banditry, altruism etc DOI : 10.7176/JLPG/86-07 Publication date :June 30 th 2019