Mitochondrial energy metabolism-associated Predictive model constriction for coronary artery disease(CAD) of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) patients via integrative bioinformatic analysis.

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with growing evidence implicating immune dysregulation and endothelial dysfunction in its pathogenesis. Characterizing immunological and vascular biomarker profiles may provide insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets. We aimed to compare immunological and vascular markers between patients with IHD and age and sex matched controls, and to explore their potential role in disease pathophysiology. Methods: A case–control study was conducted involving 172 participants (86 patients with IHD and 86 controls). Baseline demographic and clinical data were collected. Serum levels of CD4, CD25, FOXP3, IL-10, TGF β1, IL-17A, PD-1, CD163, sCD14, VCAM 1, and ICAM 1 were measured using standardized immunoassays. Group comparisons were performed using appropriate statistical tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: The groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, and prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking (p > 0.05). Compared with controls, IHD patients had significantly higher CD4, CD25, and IL-10 levels (p < 0.001), and significantly lower FOXP3, TGF-β1, IL-17A, PD-1, CD163, sCD14, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 (p < 0.001 for all). These findings indicate heightened T-cell activation, impaired regulatory T-cell function, altered cytokine balance, reduced immune checkpoint signaling, diminished anti-inflammatory macrophage activity, and downregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules. Conclusion: IHD is associated with a distinct immunological and vascular biomarker signature suggestive of chronic immune activation and impaired regulatory and reparative mechanisms. These alterations may contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis and the instability of plaques. Targeting T cell regulation, cytokine signaling, and macrophage polarization could represent promising therapeutic strategies.

Impact of using the 2024 ESC guideline-recommended method to estimate the likelihood of obstructive coronary disease - a cardiac CT study.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of the risk factor-weighted clinical likelihood model in acute chest pain and negative troponin.

Introduction: Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) and other cardiovascular conditions remain the foremost contributors to global illness and death, with India bearing a considerable share of this burden. Although progress has been made in treatment through medical and surgical approaches, inadequate patient awareness, limited self-care practices, and poor adherence to lifestyle changes continue to affect outcomes and Quality of Life (QoL). Nurse-led interventions, focusing on patient education, counselling, and ongoing support, have emerged as a potential strategy to address these challenges. Aim: To assess the impact of a nurse-led transitional care model on health outcomes (selected bio-physiological parameters) and QoL among individuals with IHD. Materials and Methods: A two-phase design was adopted. Phase I employed a mixed-methods exploratory approach at Dhiraj Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India and Railway Hospital, Lucknow, India. The study period for Phase I was 7 weeks, including (quantitative data collection for 4 weeks and qualitative data collection for consecutive 3 weeks). Based on these findings, a structured video-assisted nurse-led intervention was developed. In Phase II, an experimental study was carried out involving 90 post-operative IHD patients, who were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received structured counselling, video-assisted education, and weekly telephone follow-ups for 12 weeks, while the control group continued with routine care. Outcomes were assessed using the McNew Heart Disease Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire and clinical parameters such as Blood Pressure (BP), Body Mass Index (BMI), and lipid profile, as shown by the results of the mean, standard deviation, and Unpaired t-test results. Results: In Phase I, a total of 46 patients were included, and the mean age of participants was 55.36±7.00 and 56.2±6.34 among the control and intervention groups. The majority of the population (n=17) highlighted major gaps in patients’ understanding of lifestyle adjustments, medication adherence, recognition of danger signs, and follow-up practices. In Phase II, after 12 weeks of intervention, patients in the experimental group showed significant improvements in clinical variables life including systolic BP (p-value=0.001), diastolic BP (p-value=0.016), and BMI (p-value=0.004). Lipid profile changes were not statistically significant, as evident from the mean, standard deviation, and the Unpaired t-test results. Quality of life showed marked improvement in physical, social, and global domains (p-value <0.001), though the emotional domain did not show significant change. Overall, 64.4% of participants in the intervention group reported good QoL compared to only 13.3% in the control group. Conclusion: The nurse-led intervention effectively improved QoL and clinical outcomes in IHD patients, highlighting the value of structured education, video learning, and follow-up, with larger multicentric studies needed to validate these findings.

Number of group psychotherapy sessions predicts inflammation changes in patients with coronary artery disease and comorbid depression.

Machine learning-based prediction of three-year mortality in elderly inpatients with coronary artery disease combined with heart failure.

Impact of optimism training on atherosclerotic biomarkers in coronary artery disease: A randomized controlled trial.

NMR-based metabolic measures of chronic stable angina and myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Previous evidence on the associations of dairy intake with risk of cardiometabolic diseases has been inconsistent with studies showing inverse, null, or positive associations. We aimed to assess these associations in China, where dairy consumption level is low and cardiometabolic disease patterns differ from those in the West. The China Kadoorie Biobank is a prospective cohort study with ∼512,000 adult participants recruited from 10 diverse localities in China during 2004-2008. At baseline and periodic resurveys, information on the consumption frequency of major food groups was collected using a validated interviewer-administered laptop-based questionnaire. During ∼ 5.4 million person-years of follow-up, 18,306 diabetes, 33,946 ischemic heart diseases [IHD, including 3888 acute myocardial infarction (MI)], 33,670 ischemic stroke, 7191 intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) cases, and 13,241 cardiovascular deaths were recorded. Cox regression was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) relating dairy intake to cardiometabolic disease risk. At baseline, 10.7% of participants regularly consumed (i.e., ≥4 d/wk) dairy products, whereas 70.0% reported never or rare consumption. After adjusting for potential confounders including body mass index, dairy consumption was significantly and positively associated with IHD but inversely associated with risks of acute MI, ICH and cardiovascular death, with HRs for regular consumers compared with nonconsumers being 1.09 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.12), 0.88 (0.80, 0.98), 0.69 (0.62, 0.76), and 0.82 (0.77, 0.87), respectively, but not with diabetes and IS. These associations were largely independent of systolic blood pressure. In Chinese adults, higher dairy consumption was associated with lower risks of acute MI, ICH, and cardiovascular death. Future studies are warranted to further elucidate these relationships and their causality.

Risk factors and mortality for amputations in the diabetic foot: a nationwide cohort study.

Natural language processing of biomedical text to map and prioritize protein-disease associations in HFpEF.

Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Cardiovascular Disease:A Retrospective Cohort Study from Kaiser Permanente Northern California.

S100A11/ANXA2 axis mediates electrotransduction to promote electrically-induced contraction in engineered myocardial tissues.

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the primary contractile component of blood vessels and can undergo phenotypic switching from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype in vascular diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and restenosis. This process leads to decreased expression of SMC lineage genes and increased proliferative, migratory and secretory abilities that drive disease progression. Super-enhancers (SE) and lineage-specific transcription factors are believed to drive expression of genes that maintain cell identity and homeostasis. The goal of this study is to identify novel regulators of VSMC homeostasis by screening for SE-regulated transcription factors in arterial tissues. We characterized human artery SEs by analyzing the enhancer histone mark H3K27ac ChIP-seq data of multiple arterial tissues. We unexpectedly discovered the transcription factor PRDM16, a GWAS-identified CAD risk gene with previously well-documented roles in brown adipocytes but with an unknown function in vascular disease progression, is enriched with artery-specific SEs. Further analysis of public bulk RNA-seq and scRNA-seq datasets, as well as qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis, demonstrated that PRDM16 is highly expressed in arterial tissues and in contractile VSMCs but not in visceral SMCs, and down-regulated in phenotypically modulated VSMCs. To explore the function of Prdm16 in vivo, we generated both inducible and constitutive Prdm16 SMC-specific knockout mice and performed bulk RNA-Seq analysis of aortic tissues and left carotid artery ligation to assess neointima formation. SMC-deficiency of Prdm16 does not affect the aortic morphology at baseline but significantly alters expression of many genes involved in VSMC homeostasis and cardiovascular disease, and suppresses VSMC proliferation and neointima formation in male mice. Specifically, Prdm16 negatively regulates the expression of Tgfb2 that encodes an upstream ligand of the TGF-β signaling pathway, by suppressing its promoter activity. Our results suggest that the CAD risk gene PRDM16 is highly expressed in VSMCs and is a novel regulator of VSMC homeostasis and neointima formation.

Clinician-level variation in lipid management for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Opportunities for practice improvement.

Fast cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) protocol for biventricular functional assessment and tissue characterisation.

Transcriptome-wide association study of cardiovascular outcomes in chronic kidney disease: The chronic renal insufficiency cohort.

Influenza infection is a well-established trigger of severe respiratory and cardiovascular complications, particularly in older adults, frail individuals, and patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. Seasonal peaks are consistently associated with excess hospitalizations and mortality. Epidemiological studies have shown sharp increases in acute cardiac events during and immediately after influenza infection, including a high-rate of acute coronary syndromes and heart failure. The cardiovascular impact of influenza is mediated by multiple mechanisms. Systemic inflammation, plaque destabilization, metabolic imbalance, endothelial dysfunction, and pro-thrombotic activation collectively contribute to acute coronary syndromes, myocarditis, arrhythmias, and acute or worsening heart failure. These complications generate a substantial clinical and socioeconomic burden, particularly in elderly and high-risk individuals. Despite the availability of effective and inexpensive vaccines, influenza vaccination remains underused in high-risk cardiovascular populations. Randomized trials and meta-analyses consistently support vaccination as a powerful preventive tool, associated with a 25-37% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality, with benefits comparable to established cardioprotective therapies. Evidence is strongest in patients with coronary artery disease, ACS, diabetes, and in older adults, although results in heart failure populations remain more heterogeneous. Enhanced vaccines including adjuvanted, high-dose, and cell-based formulations offer superior protection in elderly and immunocompromised individuals and are increasingly recommended by national and international health authorities. Given the robust evidence linking influenza to cardiovascular events and the proven protective role of vaccination, systematic implementation of tailored influenza immunization strategies in patients with CVD is essential to optimize preventive care.

Coronary artery calcium clinical utilization: An update.