Coronal Pulp Cavity Height Research Articles

Estimated Age Calculation with Tooth Coronal Index (TCI) Method Using Orthopanthomography in Malang City Population

Age estimation is an important aspect in forensics because it plays a role in determining individual identity. In cases of forensic identification of bodies that are difficult to identify visually or in poor condition, radiography is the choice of non-invasive method that can be used for age estimation, one of which is panoramic radiography. The Tooth Coronal Index (TCI) method is one method that can be used to identify a person's biological age through panoramic radiography. The purpose of this study was to compare the chronological age with the biological age obtained from the measurement of the TCI method on the mandibular premolars using panoramic radiography in the Malang City population. TCI measurement was done by measuring the height of the pulp chamber (Coronal Height) and the height of the crown of the tooth (Coronal Pulp Cavity Height) vertically from the Cemento Enamel Junction (CEJ) on the mandibular premolars. Then the value is entered in the regression equation that has been determined to obtain an estimate of biological age. Then, the results of the estimated biological age are compared with their chronological age. At last, the difference between biological and chronological age is calculated to determine the approximate age. The mean difference between chronological age and biological age was ± 1.32 years and there is no significant difference between the biological age and the chronological age (p value 0.11). TCI method on the mandibular premolars using panoramic radiography can be used to estimate age in Malang City Population.

Age estimation in Western Indian population by Cameriere's and Drusini's methods.

Objectives:The aim of the present study is to determine applicability of Cameriere's and Drusini's methods in Western Indian population.Methodology:Panoramic radiographs of total 300 Gujarati individuals, equally divided into four study groups were studied by two investigators. The pulp/tooth area ratio (AR) were calculated for maxillary and mandibular canines and tooth coronal indexes (TCI) i.e., the ratio between coronal pulp cavity height and crown height were calculated for mandibular premolars and first and second molars. The acquired data were subjected to correlation and regression analysis and also inter and intraobserver reliability was obtained for both the investigators.Results:The ARs and TCIs for all the respective teeth were significantly correlated with the age of the individuals. The individual regression formulae were derived for all the teeth and were then used separately to calculate the age. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean chronological age and mean calculated age for all the teeth.(P > 0.05). The mean absolute errors for all the teeth were <10 years.Conclusion:The findings of this study prove the applicability of Cameriere's and Drusini's age estimation methods for Western Indian population. However, the weak correlation coefficients suggest the need for further studies to get more accurate results.

Age Estimation of Adults Using Permanent Mandibular First Molars on Digital Panoramic Radiographs

Background: Morphometric analysis of teeth on radiographs for age estimation are considered to be simple, reliable and non-invasive. The aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of tooth coronal index (TCI) to estimate age in Indian population and to assess the influence of diet and masticatory habit on TCI. The study comprised of 160 subjects in the age range of 21-71 years, categorized into groups based on chronological age, gender, diet and masticatory habit. Coronal Height (CH) and Coronal Pulp Cavity Height (CPCH) of permanent mandibular first molars was measured on digital panoramic radiographs using Planmeca Romexis software measurement tools. TCI was calculated using the formula: TCI= (CPCH ×100)/CH. Statistical analysis was performed, ANOVA and Pearson correlation was applied along with regression analysis to obtain an estimated age using TCI. Results: A negative correlation was obtained between the chronological age and TCI. Three-way ANOVA exhibited a significant difference in TCI within the age groups and dietary groups (p value = &lt;0.05). There was no significant difference within the sexes, sides and masticatory groups. The most precise estimated age using the regression formula was in individuals between 31 – 40 years with an error of +/- 5 years in 55% of females, 65% of males. Conclusions: This study suggests that although TCI is a good predictor of age, it is most suitable to determine age of individuals between 31-40 years with the least error in estimation. This study also throws a light on the influence of diet on TCI.

Digitilized Radiographic Analysis of Coronal Pulp for Age Estimation in Adults using Tooth Coronal Index Method – A Pilot Study

Background: Teeth have become a valuable index to estimate age of an individual in forensic odontology. Although various methods have been reported in forensic literature for age estimation, radiographic methods are simple and require less expertise. Digitalization of panoramic radiographs and intraoral periapical radiographs helps in obtaining the more precise images and accurate measurements. Secondary dentin continuously gets deposited on pulpal surface throughout the life thus reducing the size of the pulp cavity. The Tooth Coronal Index (TCI) method is the indirect assessment of secondary dentin deposition for age estimation. Aim: This study aims to estimate the Tooth Coronal Index of mandibular first molar and its correlation with chronological age to derive a regression equation. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 adults above 20 years of age were selected from the outpatient department of our college. Digital intraoral periapical radiographs were taken by using Radiovisiography (RVG) for mandibular first molar. The crown height and Coronal Pulp Cavity Height were measured and then TCI was calculated. Further the data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Statistically significant difference was observed between age and TCI (p&lt;0.05*) and statistically insignificant difference observed between gender and TCI (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The Tooth Coronal Index provides more accurate estimation of age and it is a simple, non invasive and cost-effective method that could be easily applied for both living and dead individuals without any highly specialized equipment.

Tooth Coronal Index: A Novel Tool For Age Estimation on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Objective: To evaluate dental age assessment reliability through Tooth Coronal Index (TCI) method. Material and Methods: The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 160 individuals aged between 20-70 years were analyzed in the present study. The height of the crown, i.e., coronal height, and the height of the coronal pulp cavity, i.e., coronal pulp cavity height, of mandibular second premolars and first molars were calculated and then TCI was measured. The actual age of a subject was compared with TCI of tooth and the acquired data were subjected to Pearson’s correlation and unpaired t-tests. Results: Negative correlation was observed between the real age and TCI of mandibular first molar (r = -0.094, p=0.382) and second premolar (r = -0.176, p=0.0961. Statistically significant difference was observed between actual age and TCI for mandibular second premolar and first molar (p<0.001). Conclusion: Tooth coronal index has the potential to estimate age of an individual on CBCT scans. It is simple, cost-effective than histological methods and can be applied to both living and unknown dead.

Tooth coronal index biomarker for age estimation using digital panoramic radiography- A retrospective study

Background: A study was carried out to analyze the efficacy and practical application for age estimation using digital panoramic radiograph to exploit image analysis to obtain metric measurement of morphologic parameters of permanent right and left mandibular 1st molar and 2nd premolar. Aim: To know the significance of tooth coronal index with age and to select a tooth which is reliable for prediction of actual age. Objective: To compare original age with the estimated age of right and left mandibular 1st molar and 2nd premolar. Materials and Methods: The OPG of 100 subjects aged 20-50 years were selected for the study. The crown height and coronal pulp cavity height were measured of right and left quadrants of 1st molar and 2nd premolar and tooth coronal index was calculated and actual age compared with tooth coronal index of each tooth. Statistical Analysis Used: Pearson correlation co-efficient was used to find the significance of the relationship between age and tooth coronal index. Regression analysis was used for predicting age using tooth coronal index for right and left 1st molar and 2nd premolar. Results: Results revealed that there is no significant correlation between the estimated age and actual age and this study reveals that right mandibular 1st molar has more accuracy them other selected teeth. Conclusion: Tooth coronal index has the potential to estimate age of an individual on dental radiographs. Keywords: Age estimation, panoramic radiograph, Tooth coronal index, Pulp cavity height, Pulp/tooth ratio.

Estimation Of Dental Age Using Coronal Pulp Cavity Index (CPCI) On Lower Second Premolar And First Molar With Periapical Radiographic Analysis

Estimation of dental age in forensic odontology is crucial in biological dentistry Coronal Pulp Cavity Index (CPCI) as one method to check the correlation between the reduction of the coronal pulp cavity and chronological age. The present study aims to find out whether CPCI method can be used to estimate the dental age on lower second premolar and first molar with periapical radiographic analysis. The cross sectional study was conducted on 60 patients (30 males and 30 females) in the age range of 21 and 30 years. They were subjected to periapical radiographs on lower second premolar and first molar. The Coronal Pulp Cavity Height (CPCH) and Coronal Length (CL) was measured using vision measuring scope DC 3000 and electronic digital caliper. The values obtained were subjected into the formula of TCI = [CPCL × 100]/CL. The mean of TCI score and average chronological age were analyzed using paired T test to find out the correlation between the chronological age and the estimated dental age, P &gt; 0.05 is considered as significant. There was no significant difference between the estimated dental age and chronological age in both lower second premolars (p=0.119) and first molars (p=0.224). CPCI method can be used to estimate the dental age on healthy lower second premolar and first molar.

An application for Olze’s method and tooth coronal index for age estimation of a Turkish adult population

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the tooth coronal index (TCI) and Olze’s method for age estimation in Turkish individuals. The digital panoramic radiographs of 860 individuals ranging from 18 to 60 years of age were evaluated. The TCI was calculated using the ratio between coronal pulp cavity height and crown height in mandibular premolar teeth. We also analysed, four dental parameters (secondary dentin formation, attrition, periodontal recession, cementum apposition) of Olze’s method. Linear and multiple regression models were established for each tooth groups. The correlations between age and TCIs were r= -0.45 and r= -0.53 for the mandibular first and second premolars, respectively (p<0.01). The regression equations that were derived for age estimation using TCI showed a coefficient of determination (R2) ranging between 0.20 to 0.32; the standard errors of estimates (SEE) ranged from 10.01 to 10.96 years. For Olze’s method, R2 values ranged between 0.76 and 0.80; SEE ranged from 5.64 to 6.08 years. We concluded that Olze’s method was useful for age estimation among Turkish adults. The TCI method found to be of more limited the use in age estimation due to a higher standard error of estimations, compared with Olze’s method.

The coronal pulp cavity index: A forensic tool for age determination in adults

Various biochemical and histological methods are available for human age determination which are invasive and may require extraction of teeth. The present study aims to assess the accuracy of age estimation from tooth-coronal index (TCI) of known age and sex individuals and to present a noninvasive method for age estimation. This retrospective study comprised 88 patients, which included 54 males and 34 females. An orthopantomogram of these individuals were taken, and premolars and molars in the same were evaluated. The height of the crown (coronal height [CH]) and the height of the coronal pulp cavity (coronal pulp cavity height [CPCH]) was digitally measured on the computer screen. The TCI given by Ikeda et al. in 1985 (TCI = [CPCH × 100]/CH.) was computed on each tooth and regressed on real age of the sample. The mean, median, range, and standard deviation of the computed index were calculated. The correlation between the actual age and the estimated age was calculated using t-test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results revealed that there is a significant correlation between the TCI with age. Increase in TCI observed with age; however, it showed no significant sex difference. TCI is a precise, noninvasive and easily used reliable biomarker for age estimation and is applicable to both living and dead individuals.

Tooth coronal index: Key for age estimation on digital panoramic radiographs

Background: Assessment of age through teeth is one of the most reliable and simple method than skeletal remains, to calculate age of an individual. Objectives: The study was carried out with an aim to evaluate reliability of dental age assessment through tooth coronal index (TCI) method. Materials and Methods: The digital panoramic radiographs of 100 subjects of Chhattisgarh aged 20–70 years were selected for the study. The measurements were performed on the JPEG images of selected panoramic radiographs by using Adobe Acrobat 7.0 professional software. The height of the crown, i.e., coronal height, and the height of the coronal pulp cavity, i.e., coronal pulp cavity height, of mandibular second premolars and first molars were measured in millimeter (mm) and then TCI was calculated for each tooth. Actual age of a subject was compared with TCI of tooth and the acquired data were subjected to Pearson's correlation and unpaired t-tests. Results: Negative correlation was observed between the real age and TCI of mandibular first molar (r = −0.092, P = 0.365) and second premolar (r = −0.168, P = 0.096). Statistically significant difference was observed between real age and TCI for mandibular second premolar and first molar (P = 0.000) by unpaired t-test. Conclusion: TCI has the potential to estimate age of an individual on dental radiographs. It is simple, cost effective than histological methods and can be applied to both living and unknown dead.

Digitized radiovisiographic analysis of dental pulp of permanent mandibular first molar and second premolar for age estimation using tooth coronal index method

Background: Teeth have become a valuable index to estimate age of an individual in forensic odontology. The advent of radiovisiography (RVG) has led to accurate calculation of dental age, which may be due to more precise RVG images than other radiographic techniques. Objectives: The study aimed at estimating the age of an individual from mandibular premolar and molar through tooth coronal index (TCI) measured from digital intraoral radiographic images (RVG). Materials and Methods: Using RVG 176 periapical radiographs of mandibular second premolar and first molar of individuals of either sex aged 20–70 years residing in Chhattisgarh were taken by paralleling angle technique for the study. The RVG images of selected teeth were analyzed and height of the crown, i.e., coronal height and the height of the coronal pulp cavity, i.e., coronal pulp cavity height of each tooth were measured in millimeters using KODAK software to calculate TCI. The real age of a subject was compared with TCI of tooth and the acquired data was subjected to Pearson's correlation test. Bland and Altman regression analysis was carried out to estimate limit of agreement between the two measurements (real and calculated age). Results: Negative correlation was observed between the real age and TCI of mandibular first molar (r = −0.149, P = 0.166) and second premolar (r = −0.20, P = 0.061). The difference between real age and calculated age for premolar ranged from − 38.11 to 23.51 years (mean difference 7.30) and for first molar it was from − 34.82 to 25.22 years (mean difference 4.799), which suggested acceptable agreement. Conclusion: TCI method provides accurate estimation of age from RVG images of teeth. RVG is convenient to use, has low radiation dose, and produces sharper images than other imaging methods.

Applicability of Cameriere's and Drusini's age estimation methods to a sample of Turkish adults.

The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of Drusini's and Cameriere's methods to a sample of Turkish people. Panoramic images of 200 individuals were allocated into two groups as study and test groups and examined by two observers. Tooth coronal indexes (TCI), which is the ratio between coronal pulp cavity height and crown height, were calculated in the mandibular first and second premolars and molars. Pulp/tooth area ratios (ARs) were calculated in the maxillary and mandibular canine teeth. Study group measurements were used to derive a regression model. Test group measurements were used to evaluate the accuracy of the regression model. Pearson's correlation coefficients and regression analysis were used. The correlations between TCIs and age were -0.230, -0.301, -0.344 and -0.257 for mandibular first premolar, second premolar, first molar and second molar, respectively. Those for the maxillary canine (MX) and mandibular canine (MN) ARs were -0.716 and -0.514, respectively. The MX ARs were used to build the linear regression model that explained 51.2% of the total variation, with a standard error of 9.23 years. The mean error of the estimates in test group was 8 years and age of 64% of the individuals were estimated with an error of <±10 years which is acceptable in forensic age prediction. The low correlation coefficients between age and TCI indicate that Drusini's method was not applicable to the estimation of age in a Turkish population. Using Cameriere's method, we derived a regression model.

Estimation of Age Using Mandibular Permanent First Molars in Panoramic Radiographs in a Sample of Egyptian Population

Forensic age estimation in living or dead individuals is an important and difficult task. Teeth are considered a reliable indicator of age and provide a number of parameters for age prediction. The aim of this study was to estimate the age in a sample of Egyptian population using the tooth coronal index (TCI) in the mandibular permanent 1st molars in dental panoramic radiographs. Digital panoramic radiographs from 170 participants of known age and sex were included. They were used to measure the crown height (CH) and the coronal pulp cavity height (CPCH) in millimeters. Then, TCI was calculated according to Ikeda et al., (1985). Non significant statistical difference was observed between females and males as regards the TCI. A significant negative linear correlation between chronological age and values of TCI was detected. The correlation coefficients were -0.988, -0.987 and -0.986 in all participants, female participants and male participants respectively. The values of TCI were then subjected to regression analysis to derive equations for age estimation. Regression equations showed coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.984, 0.986 and 0.982 in all participants, female participants and male participants respectively. It was concluded that calculation of the TCI from the mandibular permanent 1st molars is a good predictor of age among Egyptians. Regression equations based on TCI were established and they proved to be very useful for prediction of age with no need for sex specific equations. So, calculation of the TCI is recommended as an easy method for age estimation. Further studies on larger sample size and studies using teeth other than the mandibular permanent 1st molars are needed.

Tooth coronal index and pulp/tooth ratio in dental age estimation on digital panoramic radiographs—A comparative study

BackgroundAssessment of an age of an individual whether living or dead through teeth is one of the most reliable and simple method to calculate age than skeletal remains especially when they are in poor conditions. ObjectivesThe study was carried out with aim of (i) to evaluate reliability of dental age assessment through two different methods for adults i.e. tooth coronal index and pulp/tooth ratio using digital panoramic radiographs and (ii) to compare these methods for their accuracy in age determination. Materials and methodsThe digital panoramic radiographs of 180 subjects of Chhattisgarh aged 15–70 years were selected for the study. The measurements were performed on the JPEG images of selected panoramic radiographs by using Adobe Acrobat 7.0 professional software. For tooth coronal index (TCI), height of the crown i.e. coronal height (CH) and the height of the coronal pulp cavity i.e. coronal pulp cavity height (CPCH) of mandibular second premolars and first molars was measured in millimeter (mm) and then TCI was calculated for each tooth and calculated age was compared with chronological age. For pulp/tooth ratio, the measurements of pulp chamber height (PCH) and crown root trunk height (CRTH) were performed on the mandibular first and second molar teeth, the pulp chamber crown root trunk height ratios (PCTHR) of selected tooth were calculated. The acquired data were subjected to Pearson correlation test, unpaired t test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis. ResultsResults suggested that TCI (mandibular first molar r=−0.178), second premolar (r=−0.187) and PCTHR(mandibular first molar r=−0.921, second molar r=−0.901) correlated negatively with chronological age suggesting decrease in size of pulp cavity. Mandibular first molar was found to be most reliable tooth to estimate dental age. ConclusionThe study showed that both PCTHR and TCI have negative association with chronological age. PCTHR showed slightly higher negative correlation and proved as a better tool for age estimation than TCI. Statistically significant differences were observed between chronological and calculated age by both methods thus emphasizing the need for future clinical trials.

Use of the Tooth Coronal Pulp Index for Recognition of the Pubertal Growth Period.

The present study aimed to investigate the association between the tooth coronal index (TCI) and the pubertal growth stages (PGS) for children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was performed using retrospectively collected panoramic and hand-wrist radiographs of 262 individuals (125 males, 137 females). The coronal height (CH) and the coronal pulp cavity height (CPCH) of the left mandibular teeth were measured. Then the TCI for which was calculated according to Ikeda et al (1985). The estimated TCI for individuals with the following PGS after Fishman (1987) are: SMI 4 (S), SMI 5 (DP3 cap), SMI 6 (MP3 cap) and SMI 7 (Mp5 cap). The associations between the TCI and the PGS were investigated by correlation coefficient of Spearman's rho, and the validity values for the PGS were computed. Significant correlations were noted between the simple TCI values for premolars and molars and the PGS, and the highest correlation was for the summed TCI for both first and second molars. Utilizing the validity values of the summed TCI for both first and second mandibular molars, the PGS can be predicted as follows: S stage when TCI is 49.17 or lesser, DP3cap stage when TCI is 43.52 or lesser, MP3cap stage when TCI is 36.73 or lesser, and Mp5cap stage when TCI is 26.84 or lesser. The TCI values declined along with the maturational process in children and adolescents. The TCI for both first and second molars was the best predictor of the PGS. Panoramic photographs can be beneficial for prediction of the skeletal maturity and treatment planning without resorting to hand-wrist radiographs.

Age estimation using lower permanent first molars on a panoramic radiograph: A digital image analysis.

Objective:A study was carried out to analyze the efficacy and practical application for age estimation using digital panoramic radiograph to exploit image analysis to obtain metric measurement of morphological parameters of permanent mandibular first molar on Sulaimani population.Materials and Methods:In the present study a population of known age and sex was studied and subjected to digital panoramic radiographic examination. The correlation between the reduction of coronal pulp cavity and chronological age was examined in a sample of 96 individuals distributed into four age groups: 20-29 years (29 cases), 30-39 years (29 cases), 40-49 years (26 cases) and 50-59 years (12 cases). The height (mm) of the crown (CH = coronal height) and the height (mm) of coronal pulp cavity (CPCH = coronal pulp cavity height) of 96 of first molars from all subjects was measured. The tooth–coronal index (TCI) after Ikeda et al. was computed for each tooth and regressed on real age.Results:ANOVA was used to show the strength of relation between the age and TCI (P = 0.0000). The correlation coefficient (r2) was 0.49, which mean there is strong negative linear regression between age and TCI with the r2, regarding predicting age using TCI value, after the following equation calculated, Predicted age = 3.78 – (0.064 TCI) showed that there is no significant difference between real age and estimated age.Conclusion:There is a strong negative liner relationship between TCIs of mandibular first molars with chronological age of Sulaimani population, and age of individuals can therefore be estimated with a good degree of accuracy using regression equations.

Age estimation of Malawian adults from dental radiographs

Previous studies have shown that with advancing age the size of the dental pulp cavity is reduced as a result of secondary dentine deposit, so that measurements of this reduction can be used as an indicator of age. Age estimation is one of the indicators used in forensic identification and teeth are biological markers for human age estimation. We measured the height (mm) of the crown (CH = Coronal Height) and the height (mm) of the coronal pulp cavity (CPCH = Coronal pulp cavity height) of premolars and molars of 134 adult Malawians (77 males, 57 females) aged 20 - 80 years from dental radiographs. The Tooth-Coronal Index (TCI) was computed for each tooth and regressed on real age. The correlation coefficients ranged from r -0.650 to -0.799 and were significant in both gender, in premolars and molars (P < 0.01). The equations obtained allowed estimation of age with an error of +/- 5 years in our studied population, the molar equation estimated age better for males while the premolar equation was for female and combined samples. The percentage accuracy levels of our sample population were higher than Caucasians previously reported using similar methods. Our study demonstrates the potential value of this method of age estimation which is precise, simple, non invasive and applicable to both living individuals and skeletal materials of unknown age.

The coronal pulp cavity index: a biomarker for age determination in human adults.

The correlation between reduction of the coronal pulp cavity and chronological age was examined in a sample of 846 intact teeth from 433 individuals of known age and sex. Panoramic (rotational) radiography was used to measure the height (mm) of the crown (CH = coronal height) and the height (mm) of the coronal pulp cavity (CPCH = coronal pulp cavity height) of 425 premolars and 421 molars from 213 males and 220 females. The tooth-coronal index (TCI) after Ikeda et al. [1985] Jpn. J. For. Med. 39:244-250) was computed for each tooth and regressed on real age. The correlation coefficients ranged from -0.92 (molars, combined sample, right side) to -0.87 (female molars), with an S.E. of the estimate ranging from 5.88-6.66 years. Correlations were slightly higher in males than females. The equations obtained allowed estimation of age in a sample of 100 teeth from both sexes (not used for the regression) with an error of +/- 5 years in 81.4% of cases for male molars. The regression formulae for estimating age obtained from the recent sample were tested on a historical sample of 100 teeth from 100-year-old skeletons with an error of +/- 5 years in 70.3% of cases for male molars. This study illustrates the potential value of a little-known aging method which can be easily applied to estimate age in both living individuals and skeletal material of unknown age.