Core System Research Articles

The Government–Farmer Cooperation Mechanism and Its Implementation Path to Realize the Goals of Optimizing Grain Planting Structure

In order to alleviate the grain supply–demand structural contradictions and ensure the realization of grain planting structure optimization goals, it is necessary to clarify the interactive relationship between multiple entities, establish a cooperation mechanism, and explore its implementation paths. To this end, a differential game model is built to compare and analyze the optimal strategies, optimal benefits, and overall system outcomes for both the government and farmers under three scenarios: the Nash non-cooperative game, the Stackelberg game, and the collaborative cooperation game. Then, key factors and their influencing mechanisms that affect the government–farmer cooperation mechanism are revealed. Finally, the csQCA model is used to explore the implementation paths for different stakeholders to ensure the sound operation of the cooperation mechanism. The results show the following: (1) The government–farmer cooperation mechanism should consist of an inner core system with the government–farmer interaction as the core and an outer system comprising the market environment, cooperation environment, and institutional environment. These two systems should coordinate with each other, respond to each other, and drive progress together. (2) The cooperation mechanism can optimize behavioral enthusiasm, resulting in individual and overall benefits for both the government and farmers. However, its scientific and orderly implementation is affected by factors such as the cost coefficient. Additionally, subsidies serve as a powerful policy tool to enhance farmers’ enthusiasm, thereby increasing the benefits for both parties and maximizing the effectiveness of the cooperation mechanism. (3) There are three implementation paths corresponding to large-scale farmers, rural elites, and small-scale farmers: being led by external policy tools, linkage guidance between decision-making environment and willing subjects, and factor allocation and environmentally driven decision-making. These findings can provide theoretical support and case reference for marginal farmland management and planting structure optimization management in underdeveloped areas.

Learning from the End of the Public-Private Partnership for Lesotho's National Referral Hospital Network.

Public-private partnerships (PPP) are one strategy to finance and deliver healthcare in lower-resourced settings. Lesotho's Queen 'Mamohato Memorial Hospital Integrated Network (QMMH-IN) was sub-Saharan Africa's first and largest integrated healthcare PPP. We assessed successes and challenges to performance of the QMMH-IN PPP. We conducted 26 semi-structured interviews among QMMH-IN executive leadership and staff in early 2020. Questions were guided by the WHO Health System Building Blocks Framework. We conducted a thematic analysis. Facilitators of performance included: 1) PPP leadership commitment to quality improvement supported by protocols, monitoring, and actions; 2) high levels of accountability and discipline; and 3) well-functioning infrastructure, core systems, workflows, and internal referral network. Barriers to performance included: 1) human resource management challenges and 2) broader health system and referral network limitations. Respondents anticipated the collapse of the PPP and suggested better investing in training incoming managerial staff, improving staffing, and expanding QMMH-IN's role as a training facility. The PPP contract was terminated approximately five years before its anticipated end date; in mid-2021 the government of Lesotho assumed management of QMMH-IN. Going forward, the Lesotho government and others making strategic planning decisions should consider fostering a culture of quality improvement and accountability; ensuring sustained investments in human resource management; and allocating resources in a way that recognizes the interdependency of healthcare facilities and overall system strengthening. Contracts for integrated healthcare PPPs should be flexible to respond to changing external conditions and include provisions to invest in people as substantively as infrastructure, equipment, and core systems over the full length of the PPP. Healthcare PPPs, especially in lower-resource settings, should be developed with a strong understanding of their role in the broader health system and be implemented in conjunction with efforts to ensure and sustain adequate capacity and resources throughout the health system.

Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Post and Core Systems.

To evaluate and compare the fracture resistance and elastic modulus of 3D-printed post and core systems and fiber posts and composite cores. Endodontic treatment was performed on 30 mandibular premolars, and post space preparation was performed. The teeth were then randomly divided into two groups (n = 15 per group): the 3D-printed (3DP) group and the fiber post and composite core (FPC) group. In the FPC group, fiber posts (Cytec Blanco 43.604, Hahnenkratt) were bonded with resin cement (RelyX U200, 3M), and the composite core dimension was standardized with a silicone index. In the 3DP group, the impression of the post space for each specimen was taken with pattern resin (Pattern Resin, GC America), and the coronal core was produced with the same silicone index. The impressions of the posts and cores were scanned, and then the custom post and core structures were fabricated from permanent crown resin material (Permanent Crown Resin, Formlabs) with a 3D printer (Form3B, Formlabs). Specimens were subjected to load tests with a universal testing machine (M500-25AT, Testometric). After fracture occurred, the fracture force and elastic modulus were calculated. The data were analyzed by independent sample t test (α = .05) Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of peak fracture force (P = .626) and elastic modulus (P = .125), and no catastrophic root fractures were observed in either group. The fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth was not significantly influenced by the post material. 3D-printed, custom-made resin posts were as effective as fiber glass posts with regard to fracture resistance.

Evaluation of the Fracture Resistance of Different Designs of All-Resin Post and Core Systems: An In Vitro Study.

Introduction There is a growing demand for post and core systems that offer both ease of use and efficiency. Recently introduced dual-cure build-up and post cement materials exhibit properties similar to dentin. The objective of this laboratory experiment is to compare the fracture resistance among three distinct post and core systems and identify the locations of failures within each group. Material and methods This in vitro experimental study involved 30 epoxy resin-based blocks (Endo Training Bloc J, Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) divided into three groups: The first group was a post space preparation and restoration with a fiber post (RelyX™ Fiber Post, 3M ESPE, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States) 1.6 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length (Group A) where core build-up and cementation were performed using a dual-cure build-up and cement for endodontic post resin material (Core X Flow, Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). The second group was a post space preparation and restoration using a dual-cure build-up and cement for endodontic post resin material, 10 mm in length filled with resin but without fiber post placement (Group B). The third group was where post space and core were filled and restored with a dual-cure build-up and cement for endodontic post resin material, 5 mm in length and without fiber post placement (Group C). Subsequently, samples were mounted and tested using a universal testing machine (Instron, Canton, Massachusetts, United States), and the fracture site was located. Results Significant differences were identified among the three groups, indicating the impact of both post length and type on fracture resistance (p-value <0.05). Group B exhibited the highest mean compressive strength resistance and maximum load at 899.3330 (N), followed by Group C at 848.9690 (N) and Group A at 751.9620 (N). The predominant failures in the samples were core fractures or debonding of the core material. Conclusion All-resin posts demonstrated high fracture resistance, unlike fiber posts which displayed inferior fracture resistance.

The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease.

This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS's origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this 'very' human disease.

Additional damped rocking sections for enhancing seismic performance of self-centering dual rocking core systems

This paper aims to propose a novel self-centering dual rocking core system with damped multiple rocking sections (denoted as MSDRC system) for achieving enhanced seismic performance in mitigating high mode effects and responses. The configuration and desired seismic performance of the MSDRC system are introduced. The multiple rocking sections are introduced to reduce the structural member force demands caused by higher mode effects and buckling restrained braces (BRBs) are equipped in multiple rocking sections for absorbing higher mode energy. Comparative analyses set out to study the dynamic responses and highlight the benefits of the proposed MSDRC system compared to the existing self-centering dual rocking core (SDRC) and self-centering multiple rocking core (SMRC) systems. To facilitate an equitable comparison, the 9-story MSDRC, SDRC, and SMRC systems are engineered to attain identical target drift under design basis earthquakes (DBE). The analyses reveal that, in contrast to the SDRC system, the multiple rocking sections in SMRC and MSDRC systems can efficiently reduce the structural member force demands. Compared to the SMRC system, the BRBs in the multiple rocking sections in the MSDRC system can absorb sufficient energy to avoid inter-story drift concentration caused by higher mode responses under strong earthquakes. Parametric dynamic analyses are also performed to explore the influence of the capacity of BRBs on the dynamic nonlinear behaviors of the developed MSDRC system. The analysis results provide design recommendations for the design of BRBs in the rocking sections.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENHANCING INTERNAL CONTROL MECHANISM OF COMMERCIAL BANKS WITH A CASE IN THAI NGUYEN

Objectives: The objective of this paper is to present solutions and suggestions for enhancing the control mechanism of commercial banks, with a specific case study conducted in Thai Nguyen. In light of the increasing demand for bank risk management, this study aims to propose strategies to improve and develop more effective control solutions. Methods: Efforts will be made to organize and integrate risk management datasets into an effective Management Information System (MIS) or bank core system. Additionally, this study will emphasize the integration of risk management and monitoring activities as crucial components of a robust internal control system. By doing so, managers will be equipped to maintain effective internal control functions over time. Results: The results of this study are yet to be determined. However, it is anticipated that the proposed solutions and suggestions will contribute to enhancing the control mechanisms of commercial banks, particularly in the context of risk management. By integrating risk management datasets and activities into the internal control system, banks may experience improved efficiency and effectiveness in managing risks. Conclusion: In conclusion, the integration of effective risk management practices within the internal control framework of commercial banks is essential for ensuring stability and resilience in the face of financial uncertainties. This paper underscores the importance of proactive measures in enhancing control mechanisms, particularly in the context of evolving banking landscapes. Through the implementation of the proposed solutions, banks in Thai Nguyen and beyond may fortify their risk management practices and bolster overall operational resilience.

Exploring the Impact of the HOMO-LUMO Gap on Molecular Thermoelectric Properties: A Comparative Study of Conjugated Aromatic, Quinoidal, and Donor-Acceptor Core Systems.

Thermoelectric materials have garnered significant interest for their potential to efficiently convert waste heat into electrical energy at room temperature without moving parts or harmful emissions. This study investigated the impact of the HOMO-LUMO (H-L) gap on the thermoelectric properties of three distinct classes of organic compounds: conjugated aromatics (isoindigos (IIGs)), quinoidal molecules (benzodipyrrolidones (BDPs)), and donor-acceptor systems (bis(pyrrol-2-yl)squaraines (BPSs)). These compounds were chosen for their structural simplicity and linear π-conjugated conductance paths, which promote high electrical conductance and minimize complications from quantum interference. Single-molecule thermoelectric measurements revealed that despite their low H-L gaps, the Seebeck coefficients of these compounds remain low. The alignment of the frontier orbitals relative to the Fermi energy was found to play a crucial role in determining the Seebeck coefficients, as exemplified by the BDP compounds. Theoretical calculations support these findings and suggest that anchor group selection could further enhance the thermoelectric behavior of these types of molecules.

A Theoretical Investigation on the Properties of Charge Transport of Hexaazatrinaphthylene Derivatives

AbstractA hexaazatrinaphthylene [HAT] is a well‐known halogenated perylene diimide compound recognized for photochemical stability, high electron affinity, easy functionalization, and high conductivity. Based on density functional theory, optoelectronic and charge transport properties of HAT derivatives with electron‐donating, electron‐withdrawing, and push‐pull substituents, were investigated. The impact of substituting electron‐withdrawing groups (EWG), electron‐donating groups (EDG), and push‐pull substituents on various aspects, including molecular structure, frontier molecular orbitals, ionization energy, electron affinity, reorganization energy, crystal packing, and charge carrier mobility, is investigated. A crystal structure simulation method is employed to optimize potential arrangements of crystal packing for the molecules under examination. The presence of EWG, EDG, and push‐pull substitutions significantly affects the energy and distribution of electron density in the frontier molecular orbitals, leading to alterations in the absorption spectrum and charge transport properties. When adding various substituents to the core system, the different crystal packing motifs and varied intermolecular interactions of the examined molecules result in noticeably different transfer integrals. Due to higher hole reorganization energy and weak HOMO orbital overlapping, HAT derivative molecules exhibit better electron mobility. Among the studied molecules, HAT‐F and HAT‐F‐OCH3 molecules demonstrate better electron mobility with values of 0.49 and 2.36 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, and established the n‐channel characteristics.

Comparative Evaluation of Different Post and Core Systems in Maxillary Molar Endodontic Treatments: An Original Study.

Maxillary molar endodontic treatments require the right post and core system. This study tested cast metal, glass fiber with composite resin, carbon fiber with composite resin, and zirconia post and core materials. Sixty removed human maxillary teeth were randomly divided into four post and core material groups (n = 15 per group). The teeth acquired their post and core system after normal endodontic treatment. Fracture resistance, cyclic fatigue resistance, and microleakage analyses were statistically assessed. The zirconia post and core material had the highest fracture resistance (mean: 900 N), followed by carbon fiber with composite resin, cast metal, and glass fiber with composite resin. Zirconia had the highest mean cycles to failure (120,000), followed by carbon fiber with composite resin (100,000), cast metal (110,000), and glass fiber with composite resin (90,000). Zirconia had the lowest mean microleakage score (1.8), and glass fiber with composite resin, the highest (3.0). The zirconia post and core material outperformed the others in fracture resistance, cyclic fatigue resistance, and sealing. The cast metal has better fracture and cycle fatigue resistance than glass fiber with composite resin. These findings help doctors choose maxillary molar endodontic post and core materials.

Assessment of Various Post Systems’ Fracture Resistance after Endodontic Treatment

ABSTRACT Objectives: The study’s objective is to evaluate the fracture resistance of a tooth that has had endodontic treatment and has been rebuilt using various post and core systems. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six extracted premolar teeth of similar sizes were picked, and at random, they were separated into three groups: group A received stainless-steel posts, group B received zirconia fiber posts, and group C received glass fiber posts. Dual-cured resin cement was used to cement each post. The acrylic resin blocks have samples imbedded in them. Additionally, fracture loads were measured while a compressive force was given to the tooth at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The one-way analysis of variance F-test and post hoc Tukey’s test were then used to analyze the results. Results: When the mean values and standard deviation were compared, it was found that glass fiber posts had the highest fracture resistance, followed by posts made of zirconia fiber, while stainless-steel posts had the lowest fracture resistance Conclusion: When compared to zirconia posts and stainless-steel posts, glass fiber posts had the highest level of fracture resistance.

Shedding Light on the Ejection History of Molecular Outflows: Multiple Velocity Modes and Precession

Variable accretion has been well studied in the evolved stages of low-mass star formation. However, the accretion history in the initial phases of star formation is still a seldom studied topic. The outflows and jets emerging from protostellar objects could shed some light on their accretion history. We consider the recently studied case of W43-MM1, a protocluster containing 46 outflows driven by 27 protostellar cores. The outflow kinematics of the individual cores and associated knots in W43-MM1 indicate episodic protostellar ejection. We take the observed parameters of an individual core system (core #8) and perform 3D hydrodynamic simulations of such a system, including episodic changes in the velocity of the outflow. The simulations consist of a collimated jet emerging from a core, taking into account one- and two-velocity modes in the variation of the ejection velocity of the jet. In addition, we investigated the effect of including the precession of the jet in the one- and two-velocity-mode models. From the simulations, we constructed position–velocity diagrams and compared them with the observations. We find that including a second mode in the ejection velocity, as well as the precession, are required to explain the positions of the outflow knots and other position–velocity features observed in core #8 in W43-MM1.

Evaluation the Quality Three Different Obturation Technique Using Multi-Slice Computed Tomography: An In-Vitro Study

After endodontic space has been completely cleaned, shaped and disinfected, a three-dimensional obturation of this space will be the ultimate objectiv e of endodontic therapy. With a durable three dimensional obturation any communication with the periodontium will be eliminated and prevented. The aim of this study was to use multi-slice CT scanning to determine: (i) number of voids (ii) diameter or length of voids and (iii) presence of voids at material/tissue interfaces in root canals obturated with: (a) E &amp; Q Master (b) Lateral Condensation, and (c) Soft Core system. Thirty freshly extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were used in this study. After pr eparation of the root canals, the teeth were divided into three groups with 10 teeth in each groups. G1 obturated with E&amp;Q master, G2 obturated with Lateral Condensation, and G3 was obturated with Soft Core. GuttaFlow was used as sealer for all groups. After obturation all the specimen were analyzed with multi-slice CT, the data obtained was statistically analyzed us ing ANOVA test followed by Duncan's multiple range test ,a val ue of p&lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Voids are obs erved in all groups, Neither technique was free of voids or p erfectly smooth. Overall, the canals that obturated with E&amp;Q mas ter showed the lowest number of voids (3.0), whereas those ob turated with lateral condensation showed the highest number (3.9) and the differences was statistically significant. The canals t hat obturated with Soft core showed the highest mean of voids diameter ( 0.77 mm) , whereas those obturated with E&amp;Q m aster and lateral condensation had the lowest mean (0.62 mm and 0.61 mm) respectively, and the differences were statisti cally significant. The percentage of outer voids was higher for a ll techniques than the inner voids. The presence of inner voids was the highest in canals that obturated with soft core system (9.230%). Conclusion: E&amp;Q master of obturation show the low est number of voids. Obturation with Soft core show the highest m ean of voids diameter. In all obturation techniques, the outer voi ds was higher than inner voids.

System model and performance analysis of a solid oxide fuel cell system self-humidified with anode off-gas recycling

Recycling the anode off-gas of the solid oxide fuel cells can effectively improve the system fuel utilization (Uf,sys) under a low stack fuel utilization (Uf,1), prolonging the service life and reducing the power generation cost. A compact self-humidified anode off-gas recycle (SAOR) system fueled by natural gas is proposed and analyzed. Clear mathematical relationships for key physical quantities in all system components are derived. Analytical expressions concerning the controllable parameters, Uf,sys and the recycling ratio (λ), and the controlling targets, Uf,1 and the oxygen to carbon ratio, are presented to facilitate the accurate system control for high efficiency and moderate Uf,1 and free of carbon deposition. The core system model is found to agree very well with multiple sets of available experimental data. The SAOR system performance for representative fuel flow rates and Uf,1 and for all λ are presented. The results show the SAOR system can achieve a DC efficiency similar to, but with Uf,1 10% lower than the best known non-SAOR system, demonstrating the presumed superiority of SAOR system. The SAOR system is a promising low cost design capable of achieving high efficiency and durability and should be pursuit for commercial development.

Hedscandines A-C, three undescribed indole alkaloids from Hedyotis scandens with their anti-MRSA activity

Hedscandines A-C (1–3), three undescribed indole alkaloids were isolated from Hedyotis scandens Roxb, a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in the treatment of respiratory ailments. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism calculation. Hedscandine A (1), possessed a unique carbon skeleton with a 1,4-oxazonin-2(3H)-one core system and displayed a rapid bactericidal activity against MRSA with a MIC value of 16 μg/mL. Mechanistic studies showed that compound 1 could disrupt the integrity of bacterial cell membranes and thus lead to bacterial death.

In Vitro Effect of the Length of Relocated Cervical Margin with Casting Post and Core, Prefabricated Fiber Post, and Polyethylene Fiber with a Composite Core on Fracture Resistance and Marginal Integrity.

This study aimed to assess the effect of length of the relocated cervical margin with casting post and core (CP), prefabricated fiber post and composite core (PFP), and polyethylene fiber-reinforced composite (PEFRC) on fracture resistance and marginal integrity. In this in vitro study, 70 sound human maxillary premolars were divided into seven groups according to the type of post and core system and length of the relocated cervical margin (n = 10): control (no preparation), PFP-3, PEFRC-3, CP-3 with 3 mm of cervical margin relocation (CMR), PFP-6, PEFRC-6, and CP-6 (with 6 mm of CMR). The samples were restored with zirconia crowns (except the control group). Epoxy resin replicas were fabricated before and after thermomechanical loading. Marginal integrity was assessed at the luting cement-core, core-tooth, and luting cement-enamel interfaces under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (×200). Fracture resistance and failure mode were subsequently assessed. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, paired t-test, ANOVA, Tukey-Games Howell, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney with Bonferroni correction, and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests (α = 0.05). The marginal integrity of the groups with 3 mm of CMR followed the following order: PEFRC > PFP > CP at all interfaces (P < 0.05). In 6-mm CMR groups, this order was CP < PFP = PEFRC at the luting cement-core and (CP < PEFRC) = PFP at the core-tooth interface. No significant difference was found in fracture resistance when comparing the 3-mm CMR groups with each other (P > 0.05). PFP-6 showed higher FR than CP-6 (P < 0.001). PEFRC-6 had no significant difference with PFP-6 and CP-6 (P > 0.05). In each post and core system, 3-mm CMR groups showed higher marginal integrity and fracture resistance (P < 0.05). Increasing the length of the relocated cervical margin decreased the marginal integrity and fracture resistance of all three systems of CP, PFP, and PEFRC.

Evaluation of stress distribution in an endodontically treated tooth restored with two different post and core systems in a maxillary central incisor: A finite element analysis study

Background:An endodontic post plays a crucial role in stabilizing and supporting a core restoration when insufficient coronal dentin remains after root canal treatment. It is inserted into the prepared root canal, strengthening the restoration and enabling it to endure chewing forces, thereby helping to preserve the tooth structure and overall durability of the restoration.Aim:To evaluate thebiomechanical behaviour and long-term safety of high-performance polymer PEEKas an intra-radicular dental post-core material through comparative finite element analysis (FEA) with other traditional (Nickel-Chromium) post-core material.Materials and methods:CBCT scanning of a maxillary central incisor and its supporting structures was used to construct a two-3D solid model of endodontically treated teeth for finite element analysis (FEA). PEEK has a lower elastic modulus than root dentin and showed comparably more favourable stress distribution and high failure resistance than conventional post-core material. Two materials, Nickel-Chromium and PEEK, with the same crown design, were simulated to compare traditionally used post-core materials and evaluate their post-core properties. A 3D model of the maxillary central incisor area, including restorative components, was created. The masticatory load of 100 N was simulated at a 5 mm distance from the incisal edge and applied at a 45 ̊ angle to the long axis of the tooth.Results:PEEK and metal post models demonstrated similar patterns and values of maximum equivalent stresses in the overall components of the model, except for the post and crown. In the apex region of the PEEK post-core case, the values of stresses were lower than those of metal posts.Conclusion:PEEKpost-core, with a lower elastic modulus than dentine, exhibited a favourable stress distribution profile at the intraradicular surface, indicating a lower possibility of root fracture than conventional post-core materials.

Optimizing Reliability and Sustainability: Smart Energy Integration in Core Systems

Optimizing Reliability and Sustainability: Smart Energy Integration in Core Systems

HBase/Phoenix-based Data Collection and Storage for the ATLAS EventIndex

The ATLAS EventIndex is the global catalogue of all ATLAS real and simulated events. During the LHC long shutdown between Run 2 (20152018) and Run 3 (2022-2025) its components were substantially revised, and a new system was deployed for the start of Run 3 in Spring 2022. The new core storage system is based on HBase tables with a Phoenix interface. It allows faster data ingestion rates and scales better than the old system. This paper describes the data collection, the technical design of the core storage, and the properties that make it fast and efficient, namely the compact and optimized design of the events table, which already holds more than 400 billion entries, and all the auxiliary tables, and the EventIndex Supervisor, in charge of orchestrating the whole data collection, now simplified thanks to the Loaders, the Spark jobs that load the data into the new core system. The extractors, in charge of preparing the pieces of data that the loaders will put into the final back-end, have been updated too. The data migration from HDFS to HBase and Phoenix is also described.

Evaluation of Accounting Information System Using Usability Testing Method and System Usability Scale

The computer-based accounting information system IBS Core has been used by Renon Pekraman Village Credit Institution since 2016 to facilitate all transaction processes. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of the IBS Core accounting information system, determine the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with the IBS Core accounting information system, and identify areas that need improvement in the IBS Core accounting information system.The method used in this study is Usability Testing using performance measurement and retrospective think aloud (RTA) as well as the System Usability Scale (SUS). The results of the study show that the IBS Core system has a high effectiveness score of 92.50%. The average time required for participants to complete the task scenario is 68.9 seconds, and users feel that the available content is clear and consistent. In addition, the average System Usability Scale (SUS) score is 86.125, where the results were above the standard average SUS score. The IBS Core System Score was ranked B with the adjective ratings "Excellent” Next, the acceptability ranges are included in the "Acceptable" category, and finally the net promote score (NPS) is included in the "Promoter" category, showing that the use of the IBS Core system gets a very good assessment from its users. This shows that the IBS Core system is highly appreciated and considered very useful by its users.