Toward Digital Twins for Optimal Radioembolization.

VISUALIZING THE DIFFRACTOMETRY. This classroom-oriented study goes beyond simple visualization by directly comparing laser diffractometry and light microscopy measurements to quantify micron-scale spacings in commercial CDs/DVDs (compact disc/digital versatile disc) and electron-microscopy grids. Diffraction angles from reflection (CD/DVD) and transmission (grids) patterns were captured using a digital camera. We systematically validate the diffractometry results with microscopy, teaching the scientific principle of cross-validation. Furthermore, by employing grids with square, rectangular, and hexagonal symmetries, we provide a tangible introduction to symmetry and reciprocal space, demonstrating the inverse relationship between grating spacing and diffraction pattern scale. Designed for educational settings, these experiments use affordable materials to teach core principles of diffraction with applications in material science and chemistry.

Preventing state financial losses is a crucial component of strengthening the state’s inspection and oversight system. However, the regulatory framework on the relationship between the Audit Board (BPK) as an external auditor and the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP) as an internal supervisor needs to be strengthened. This study examines the importance of preventing state losses by reinforcing regulations governing collaboration between BPK and APIP, offering scholarly insights to enhance the effectiveness of the financial oversight system. A normative juridical method, employing statutory and conceptual approaches, was used to examine the authority, functions, and institutional relationships of both entities. The study reveals that existing regulations do not suggest synergy, integration, or collaboration, leading to an oversight approach that is predominantly retrospective and repressive. The study recommends regulatory refinement grounded in five core principles: governance and independence, synergy and role optimization, technical standards and integrated data, procedural regulation, and sustainability.

The recent publication of the Shanghai Museum bamboo slips Lu Bang Da Han (The Great Drought in the State of Lu) and Kongzi Shi Lun·Gan-tang (Confucius' Commentary on the Book of Songs: The Sweet Pear Tree) has opened new avenues for the study of Confucius’ views on sacrifice. The text of Lu Bang Da Han, which prioritizes “rectifying punishments and virtues” over “sacrificing to mountains and rivers”, reveals that Confucius regarded sac-rifice as a flexible instrument to pacify the people and promote virtuous gover-nance. Meanwhile, the four commentaries in Gantang interpret “bao” (requital) as “bao” (protection), highlighting that the essence of sacrifice lies in commem-orating virtuous governance and expressing gratitude, rather than seeking blessings or averting calamities. Drawing on these newly available materials from Lu Bang Da Han and Kongzi Shi Lun·Gantang, Confucius’ sacrificial per-spective can be synthesized into three core principles: first, the ethical principle of “reflecting on origins and repaying roots, with virtue as the only truth”; sec-ond, the political principle of “taking virtuous governance as the foundation, employing flexibility as the means”; and third, the practical principle of “combin-ing reverence with moderation, opposing excessive sacrifices”. 上博简《鲁邦⼤旱》《孔⼦诗论·⽢棠》⼆篇整理问世，为孔⼦祭祀观研 究开辟新境。《鲁邦⼤旱》中“正刑与德”先于“祭祀⼭川”的论述等，揭示了孔⼦ 将祭祀视为安抚⺠⼼、推⾏德政的权变⼯具。⽽《⽢棠》四评则以“报”释“保”， 彰显了祭祀的本质在于追怀德政、感念恩德，⽽⾮祈福禳灾。结合上博简《鲁邦 ⼤旱》《孔⼦诗论·⽢棠》材料补充，孔⼦祭祀观实可综括为三重要义：⼀为“反 始报本，唯德为真”的伦理要义，⼆为“德政为本，权变为⽤”的政治要义，三为 “敬度相济，反对淫祀”的实践要义。

When ethics are combined with communication, then ethics become the foundation of communication, ethics provide a moral foundation in building morality towards all attitudes and behaviors of a person in communication. Thus, without ethics communication is unethical. Communication theory according to Islamic teachings is always bound to the commands and prohibitions of Allah SWT or the Qur'an and Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Basically, religion as a rule and as behavior is a message (information) to citizens to behave in accordance with God's commands and prohibitions. In other words, communication according to religious teachings greatly glorifies ethics which are accompanied by sanctions in the afterlife. The Qur'an also mentions communication as one of human nature. To find out how humans should communicate. The Qur'an provides keywords (key concepts) related to this. Communicators and communicants are required to speak softly, honestly, according to the facts, leave a mark on the heart, accurately and prioritize morals. When this concept is used by both parties, then appreciation and respect from both parties will be apparent and the effect will produce effective communication and in accordance with the teachings of Islam. This is based on the assumptions, namely: First; that Islamic educational communication has a different dimension from educational communication in general. Second; The Qur'an itself believes that there are core values and principles in educational communication that need and must be developed so that teachers can use them as a reference in learning. Where teachers as communicators and students as communicants must practice these ethics in communicating. The rules, principles, or ethics of Islamic communication are a form of success in the learning process, therefore ethics in educational communication in Islam are considered capable of bridging problems, especially moral education.

This study examines how Abdullah ibn Abbas and other Companions contributed to the core principles of Qur'anic interpretation, focusing on their methods, characteristics, and relevance for today's challenges. Using a historical and qualitative approach, the research finds that the Companions' tafsir was a dynamic process that combined divine authority with contextual understanding and independent reasoning. Ibn Abbas relied on sources such as the Qur'an and Hadith with a focus on language and literature, while others, such as Ibn Mas'ud, took a more textual approach, and Ali ibn Abi Talib emphasised rational and ethical perspectives. The study also reviews criticisms about the chain of narration in the book Tanwīr al-Miqbās attributed to Ibn Abbas. In conclusion, the Companions' exegesis remains an important foundation but needs to be integrated with modern hermeneutical, thematic, and socio-cultural methods to address current issues. This approach turns the historical legacy into a dynamic source of inspiration for a more reflective and inclusive Islamic hermeneutics

With the explosive growth of global data traffic, long-distance fiber optic transmission systems are continuously evolving towards higher capacity and longer distances. However, to overcome the high complexity of fiber dispersion compensation algorithms, various dispersion compensation techniques have emerged. This paper aims to systematically review and summarize dispersion compensation algorithms in long-distance fiber optic transmission. First, we briefly introduce the physical mechanism of fiber dispersion. Then, this paper focuses on digital domain compensation algorithms, dividing them into two major categories: compensation algorithms without penalty and with penalty. For compensation algorithms without penalty, we elaborate on traditional block processing strategies such as Overlap-Save (OLS), and various enhanced strategies combining intelligent filter segmentation and optimized frequency domain workflows. For compensation algorithms with penalty, we focus on analyzing a scheme that redesigns chromatic dispersion compensation (CDC) algorithm into a hardware-friendly structure using geometric clustering of taps, and finite-impulse-response (FIR) filters based on frequency response approximating the ideal inverse chromatic dispersion (CD) transfer function. By numerical simulation, we analyze the core principles, computational complexity, and compensation performance of each type of algorithm. Finally, this paper summarizes the limitations and development trends of existing dispersion compensation algorithms, pointing out that low-complexity and small-scale deployment algorithm structures will be an important research direction in the future.

Background and Objectives: A surgical method is rarely very effective and simple to perform. A Lichtenstein Repair (LR) is one such exception. Because of the very high incidence of inguinal hernia, LR has become the global gold standard in inguinal hernia repair—not only due to its relative simplicity and reproducibility but also because it can be performed under local anesthesia. These attributes facilitated its worldwide adoption, including in underdeveloped and resource limited settings. Today, many variations are performed under the common name “Lichtenstein Repair”. The extent to which these modifications influence outcomes—particularly recurrence and chronic pain—remains unclear. Materials and Methods: To evaluate reasons for variation in the LR technique, a literature review of seven major surgery textbooks was performed. In addition, a questionnaire comprising 17 questions addressing the key steps of the LR was sent to 90 surgeons across 19 different hospitals in Austria (6) and Slovenia (13). The questionnaire focused on core principles described by Lichtenstein and later refined by his successors. The overall response rate was 78%. Results: Descriptions of the LR in major hernia textbooks vary substantially, partly due to the evolution of the technique over time and partly because any subaponeurotic anterior-canal mesh repair is often labeled as “Lichtenstein”. Survey responses demonstrated considerable variation and lack of standardization or uniformity in several critical steps of the LR. More than 50% of respondents reported using pre-formed meshes that they excessively trim, limiting adequate coverage of the inguinal region. Furthermore, routine patient follow-up is lacking in the majority of cases. Conclusions: The contemporary umbrella term “Lichtenstein Repair” encompasses many different anterior mesh techniques. While some surgeon-specific preferences may not compromise integrity, strict adherence to the evidence-based key principles of the original repair remains essential to minimize recurrences and chronic inguinal pain. Standardization with meticulous adherence to the key principles of the LR is critical to ensure the data submitted into registries, RCTs, and meta-analyses are accurate, comparable, and meaningful.

Healthcare setups are becoming sophisticated and mechanical, often disregarding human, emotional, and socio-cultural perspectives. This leads to forms of ethical conflicts that may not result in making the right choices for the patient and family members. Bhutan is positioned in a unique socio-cultural context that has strong influence on the core principles of ethical medical practice. The core principles of ethics in medical practice are autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. It is observed that a form of relational autonomy may be a dominant force where family members make choices on behalf of patients. The healthcare professionals may be nudging patients and family members towards certain healthcare choices. There are instances in which the treatment decisions made by the healthcare professional is seen as lacking beneficence by family members, while patients’ socio-cultural practices are seen as lacking beneficence by healthcare workers. While health policy and strategy aim at improving health equity, there are instances in clinical practice where distributive justice is breached. With attrition of healthcare workers, distributive justice has come into question as the healthcare workers remaining behind are faced with increasing work pressure, burnout and compassion fatigue. In end-of-life decision making, there are situations of intense conflict regarding resuscitation attempts and continuation of non-life-saving care processes. The medical curriculum for doctors, nurses and traditional medicine physicians includes ethics education as part of their training. This article provides a contextual set-up of how ethical principles intertwine with medical practice in Bhutan.

ABSTRACT To enhance the efficiency and accuracy of current coefficient solution in compressed sensing (CS)-aided method of moments (CS-MoM), this paper proposes a novel measurement matrix construction strategy and optimizes the adaptive cross approximation (ACA)-based sensing matrix construction process. First, Column-Utility-Row (CUR) matrix decomposition is employed to process the impedance matrix, with the row matrix generated during decomposition directly adopted as the measurement matrix. Its core principle relies on analyzing row probabilities of the impedance matrix in CUR decomposition to guide row extraction for the measurement matrix. Second, Orthogonal Matrix-Upper Triangular Matrix (QR) regularization and energy truncation are integrated into ACA-based sensing matrix construction, improving the stability of the decomposed matrix while preserving computational efficiency. Finally, the weighted least squares (WLS) method replaces conventional algorithms for current reconstruction. Comparative results with the dual ACA (DACA) technique demonstrate that the proposed method achieves higher computational efficiency and reconstruction accuracy.

Deep learning models have achieved remarkable success in fields such as computer vision, natural language processing, and speech recognition. However, their massive parameter counts and high computational complexity severely restrict their deployment in resource-constrained scenarios like edge devices and embedded systems. As a core model compression technology, neural network pruning achieves model lightweight while maintaining performance by removing redundant connections, neurons, or filters. Based on research related to neural network pruning and more cutting-edge achievements, this paper systematically sorts out the core principles, method classifications, application scenarios, and future challenges of pruning technology, providing a comprehensive reference for the research and application of pruning technology.

In the field of astronomy and astrophysics, the profound relationships between black holes, dark matter, and the complex interactions of light, gravity, and electromagnetic forces continue to captivate scientists. Building on Einstein's General Relativity, which describes spacetime curvature influenced by gravitational fields and supports the constancy of light speed in a vacuum, a new perspective is emerging. This fresh viewpoint proposes an "Equilibrium" concept regulating the five fundamental force densities in light, suggesting that light speeds can dynamically vary when coherent laser beams intersect. This idea deviates from the long-held assumption of a constant light speed, challenging General Relativity's core principles and prompting an investigation into gravitational and light interactions at both cosmic and microscopic levels. This research spans a variety of phenomena, including gravitational redshift, black holes, dark matter, and the microscopic processes of light absorption and emission. Unlike the established framework of General Relativity, this innovative perspective aims to bridge gravity and light through a melding of the Stress-Energy Tensor and the Gravitational Tensor. This union elucidates the interplay between gravity and electromagnetism and introduces a new tensor representation for black holes, called Gravitational Electromagnetic Confinements. By incorporating electromagnetic energy gradients and Lorentz transformations, this approach extends beyond the traditional bounds of General Relativity, especially in gravitational lensing scenarios. Reinterpreting Einstein's foundational work with the Einstein Gravitational Constant within the Energy-Stress Tensor forms a combined Electromagnetic and Gravitational Tensor framework. Theoretical advancements in black hole solutions echo the pioneering spirit of John Archibald Wheeler’s 1955 work, offering critical solutions for the relativistic quantum mechanical Dirac equation within a tensor format. Experimental validation of this paradigm, using data from Galileo Satellites and ground-based MASER frequency measurements, highlights discrepancies between General Relativity and the proposed new theory, enhancing gravitational observations to new levels of precision. The intersection of Quantum Physics and General Relativity, as seen in pursuits like String Theory, suggests changes in natural constants. This interdisciplinary effort aims to redefine our understanding of the gravitational constant "G," emphasizing its eternal constancy while connecting the domains of General Relativity and Quantum Physics. This abstract captures the essence of groundbreaking research at the crossroads of light, gravity, and theoretical frameworks in astronomy and astrophysics, offering exciting potential for transformative discoveries at the forefront of optical and gravitational sciences.

This article examines the United States’ military “deterrence” strategy in the Indo-Pacific region and its underlying geopolitical dynamics. The study highlights the 21st-century geopolitical context in which the region has become the primary arena of great-power competition between the United States and China. It emphasizes Washington’s strategic objectives: containing China’s expanding influence, maintaining military and air superiority, strengthening partnership alliances (ASEAN – Association of Southeast Asian Nations; AUKUS – Australia–United Kingdom–United States security partnership; QUAD – Quadrilateral Security Dialogue), and upholding the international order under the Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) strategy. Special attention is given to the significance of AUKUS, which provides Australia with nuclear-powered submarines, cyber capabilities, hypersonic systems, and advanced AI technologies—constituting a direct response to China’s military activities in the South China Sea and the broader region. The study also outlines the importance of economic engagement, support for innovation, and strengthening democratic governance as critical components of the U.S. global strategy, all of which reinforce the traditional military dimension of deterrence. The research employs a qualitative social-science methodology. This approach enables a comprehensive and multidimensional analysis of the problem rather than focusing solely on isolated manifestations. The key advantage of the qualitative method lies in its capacity for in-depth, holistic examination of complex issues. The paper discusses the role of U.S. geopolitical interests in shaping the global order of the 21st century. Strategically, Washington focuses on regions that directly or indirectly affect U.S. national security, economic power, and global leadership—with the Indo-Pacific being among the most vital. U.S. military policy for safeguarding these interests is grounded in three core principles: Threat prevention and deterrence through a robust military presence in strategic regions; Strengthening global partnerships via NATO, AUKUS, QUAD, and other regional blocs; Integration of innovative technologies, particularly in cybersecurity and artificial intelligence. Geopolitically, the Indo-Pacific constitutes a crucial economic and strategic space in which the United States seeks to maintain vigilance and rapid response capabilities—militarily and economically. At the same time, regional partners such as India, Australia, Japan, and others form integral pillars of America’s deterrence architecture, contributing to a strengthened regional coalition and an increasingly multipolar security structure. The strategy’s effectiveness relies on mobile and flexible military forces, innovative technologies, and the active use of the information domain, all of which enhance the United States’ capacity to respond to regional challenges.

Over the past decade, clinical guideline development has undergone significant advancements, with an increased focus on rigour, transparency and stakeholder engagement. In this study, the first in a series of four articles, the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) outlines key principles that guide the development of high-quality guidelines within ESAIC. Starting in 2025, ESAIC will progressively adopt the GRADE approach to enhance the quality and applicability of its guidelines. Core methodological principles include the use of systematic reviews, a multidisciplinary development process, conflict-of-interest management, a transparent link between evidence and recommendations, and ensuring that recommendations are specific and actionable. This study provides an overview of the roles and processes involved in guideline production and details the transition of ESAIC from its traditional grading systems to the updated GRADE standards. Strong recommendations indicate that one option offers a clear net benefit and should be implemented with all or nearly all patients. In contrast, conditional recommendations reflect uncertainty in the balance between benefits and harms, emphasising the need for careful consideration of clinical contexts and patient values. Although specific methodological decisions may vary, the principles outlined here provide a foundation for rigorous, evidence-based guideline development within ESAIC.

This research undertakes a comparative analysis of the concept of divorce within the frameworks of Islamic Family Law and Buddhist Ethics. Marriage, recognized as a profound bond of both physical and spiritual union, holds significant value in both religious traditions. However, contemporary social realities reveal a high incidence of divorce, prompting a critical examination of the legal and ethical mechanisms governing its dissolution. Within Islamic jurisprudence, divorce (talak) is permitted but considered detestable by Allah, governed by stringent procedural mechanisms including talak (the husband’s right), khulu’ or gugat cerai (the wife’s right to initiate), and fasakh (judicial intervention). These processes carry clear legal implications concerning the waiting period (iddah), the possibility of reconciliation (rujuk), and the division of marital property. Conversely, while Buddhism does not explicitly prohibit divorce, the teachings of the Buddha strongly encourage spouses to exhaust all avenues for peaceful conflict resolution before considering separation as a last resort. The ethical framework in Buddhism grants equal rights to both parties to dissolve the marriage. This study employs a qualitative descriptive analytical method through library research, drawing upon primary legal texts such as Indonesia’s Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) for Muslims, alongside the Vinaya Pitaka for adherents of Buddhism. The findings indicate that while both traditions view divorce as a final option, they diverge fundamentally in their legal structures; Islamic law establishes specific, gender-differentiated rights and obligations, whereas Buddhist ethics emphasize mutual consent and personal responsibility without formal legalistic procedures. The research concludes by recommending that couples, regardless of faith, prioritize reconciliation and peace, aligning with the core principles of both religions, and urges policymakers and legal practitioners to promote harmonious family life and reconsider legal frameworks that might better serve the welfare of children and families.

Sepsis continues to be a serious global health concern with increasing mortality rates owing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have emerged as critical tools for optimizing antibiotic use and reducing AMR. This review examines the applications of ASPs in sepsis treatment, highlights their role in improving patient outcomes, and addresses the challenges posed by multidrug-resistant organisms. The review begins by exploring the global AMR crisis and its implications for sepsis therapy and then evaluates the Surviving Sepsis Campaign's guidelines and their limitations in the context of growing AMR. The core principles of ASPs in sepsis treatment are also discussed. Data from international and Korean studies indicate that effective ASPs may improve patient outcomes; reduce the length of hospital stay; and reduce the incidence of antibiotic-associated adverse events, healthcare costs, and AMR. However, diagnostic delays, staffing shortages, and inconsistent ASP implementation remain significant barriers. Furthermore, robust evidence supporting the effectiveness of ASPs in various patient populations with sepsis is required. This review concludes with the future directions for integrating rapid diagnostics, individualized treatment planning, and informatics. To ensure responsible antibiotic use in sepsis care in increasing resistance, investment in and engagement with ASPs must be increased.

The paper examines eco-translatology in the context of film translation from English into Ukrainian. Its primary aim is to apply an eco-translational approach to audiovisual translation and to identify the linguistic, cultural and communicative shifts that emerge in the process. The study analyzes two of the best-selling films of the 21st century – Oppenheimer by Christopher Nolan and Barbie by Greta Gerwig – along with their Ukrainian dubbed versions. The research employs comparative and quantitative content analysis, culture-oriented and translation-focused methods and draws on the core principle of eco-translatology: the holistic perspective. The findings highlight the interdependence of translation, language, culture, humans and nature as integral elements of a unified process of transferring meaning from the source text to the target text.

This article examines the comprehensive educational framework for Public Management and Administration at Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, spanning bachelor's, master's, and doctoral levels. The study focuses on the program's innovative approach to cultivating a new generation of public administrators equipped to address contemporary governance challenges. Particular emphasis is placed on the program's unique integration of academic expertise and practical governance experience through its faculty composition, which includes former senior government officials, parliamentary deputies, and distinguished scholars from the National Academy of Public Administration. The research details the implementation of progressive pedagogical methodologies, including innovative assessment techniques and experiential learning opportunities. A significant aspect of the program involves strategic partnerships with regional governance structures, facilitating student immersion in practical governance through internships and collaborative projects across Zhytomyr Oblast. The article argues that this integrated approach represents a significant advancement in public administration education, effectively bridging theoretical knowledge and practical application while addressing regional development needs. The structural design of these educational-professional and educational-scientific programs demonstrates a clear alignment with contemporary labor market demands and the evolving needs of the public sector. The curriculum is strategically developed to cultivate a new generation of specialists equipped for multifaceted roles within executive bodies, local self-government institutions, and the non-governmental sector. Beyond preparing graduates for traditional administrative functions, the programs place significant emphasis on fostering research and innovation capabilities. This dual focus aims to develop professionals who can not only implement existing administrative procedures but also generate new, evidence-based knowledge and initiate transformative professional practices within public administration. A central objective of the program is to equip graduates with the competencies necessary to ensure the delivery of administrative services that meet socially acceptable standards. This entails instilling a deep commitment to the core principles of modern governance: openness, transparency, accountability, and professionalism. The curriculum is designed to be resilient and forward-looking, preparing students to operate effectively both in the current, challenging conditions and in the complex environment of post-war recovery and reconstruction. The program's content is characterized by its logical coherence and rigorous alignment with the subject area of specialty D4 "Public Management and Administration." It provides a balanced and robust foundation in both theoretical concepts and applied practical skills. This ensures that graduates are not merely executors of tasks, but are critical thinkers and capable managers, prepared to lead and administer public sector organizations effectively. A defining feature of the educational framework is its commitment to flexibility through the implementation of individualized educational trajectories. This approach acknowledges the diverse career goals, prior experiences, and research interests of students. The mechanism for personalization is realized through several key instruments: Students are offered a wide selection of specialized courses and modules, allowing them to tailor their learning to specific areas of interest within public administration, such as healthcare management, regional development, or digital governance. The program facilitates practical experiences in various types of institutions (state authorities, local councils, NGOs), enabling students to align their internships with their professional aspirations. Provisions for individual schedules and the recognition of prior learning outcomes provide additional flexibility, catering to the needs of different student cohorts. Opportunities for participation in national and international exchange programs further enrich the individual learning path, exposing students to diverse administrative practices and academic environments. This learner-centered model empowers students to construct an educational experience that is directly relevant to their personal and professional ambitions, thereby enhancing the efficacy and relevance of their training. This operational framework for individualized learning is underpinned by a systematic approach to choice architecture. Students exercise agency in selecting not only elective courses but also the specific pedagogical formats—such as project-based seminars, policy labs, or traditional lectures—that best align with their learning preferences. The diversity of educational components ranges from foundational theoretical modules to advanced specialized tracks, each calibrated for varying levels of complexity to accommodate both early-career professionals and seasoned practitioners. The program's pedagogical design intentionally cultivates higher-order cognitive capabilities essential for public sector innovation. This includes structured training in heuristic problem-solving for ill-defined administrative challenges, methodologies for policy prototyping, and systematic approaches to organizational change management. A distinctive feature is the integration of research-led teaching, where students actively engage in applied policy analysis and develop evidence-based interventions for real-world public management issues. Furthermore, the curriculum embeds rigorous training in academic research methodologies, positioning graduates to contribute meaningfully to the scholarly discourse on public administration. This research competence extends beyond technical skill acquisition to encompass the development of original conceptual frameworks and empirical studies that address substantive gaps in both theoretical understanding and professional practice. The emphasis on generating knowledge with demonstrable scientific novelty and practical impact ensures graduates can function effectively at the intersection of academic inquiry and administrative innovation.

Abstract As usually conceived and practiced, education – sustainability, environmental and beyond – is embedded in an overarching narrative of progress: increasing human knowledge leading us to make wiser decisions about our behaviour, as individuals and societies. This article outlines an alternative story that draws on the work of two Indigenous scholars, E. Richard Atleo (Nuu-chah-nulth) and Leanne Simpson (Nishnaabeg), who approach living well as a quest to co-exist in harmony and balance with all our relations (that is, the living world of which we are an integral part). Among the core principles they identify are self-determination, consent and sacred respect, understood both as operative in the functioning of healthy ecosystems and as guides to human development and relationships. We show how these principles are grounded in a quest for the mutual beneficial flourishing of free beings and trace some of their implications for environmental education. While stories of this kind are at odds with the current dominant conception of schooling, there are many ways in which they could begin to influence how we move beyond the metacrisis and further, how wethink about and practice education for eco-social –cultural change and the future world/s to come .

This study compares the principle of contractual relativity and its exceptions regarding third-party effects in Islamic jurisprudence and positive law. Employing a doctrinal-comparative methodology, it identifies key convergences and divergences in how both systems treat general successors, special successors, and creditors. The research finds that while both systems uphold the core principle, they develop distinct mechanisms for third-party protection, rooted in different foundational philosophies (Sharia vs. autonomy of will). A key novelty lies in the critical analysis revealing that classical juristic tools (like waqf, wasiyya) serve functions analogous to, but conceptually distinct from, positive law exceptions (like stipulation pour autrui). The study concludes that technological advancements necessitate contextual application of the principle, not its abandonment, and offers targeted recommendations for legal harmonization and judicial training to enhance transactional justice and stability.