Copper Tungstate Research Articles

Fabrication of copper tungstate nanoparticles on screen printed carbon electrode: A disposable strip for the electrochemical detection of the food additive tertiary Butylhydroquinone

Food additives enhance sensory pleasure and improve marketability in food product formulations, yet their potential health risks are highly consequential. Tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), in this regard, has a controversial reputation owing to its neurotoxic effects, which include convulsions and other chronic issues. This situation underscores the need for an advanced electrochemical sensing platform. The current study advocates the utilization of copper tungstate nanoparticles to enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, and efficiency in TBHQ detection, thus addressing the challenges posed by the excessive use of additives and safeguarding the integrity of the food supply chain. Hydrothermally synthesized CuWO4 nanoparticles exhibited superior physicochemical and morphological characteristics, bringing about wide linear response ranges (0.01 to 789 μM), high selectivity, excellent anti-interference capabilities, and a low detection limit of 0.9 nM (S/N = 3). The CuWO4 modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) presents promising recovery ranges in food samples, facilitating real-time monitoring and streamlining the quality assessment of food additives.

X-Ray study of Mo-W-O, Ti-W-O and Cu-W-O catalysts

<p class="Mabstract">An X-ray study of the phase composition of Mo-W-O, Ti-W-O, and Cu-W-O catalysts was carried out. Analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns of the Mo-W-O catalytic system showed that in all samples, mainly the phases of molybdenum and tungsten oxides, namely MoO<sub>3</sub> and WO<sub>3</sub>, are formed. It is shown that, in contrast to Mo-W-O catalysts, in addition to the initial titanium and tungsten oxides, the samples of the Ti-W-O catalytic system also contain phases of chemical compounds. So, in Ti-W-O samples, there are phases of titanium oxide (anatase), titanium oxide (rutile), and tungsten oxide. It has been established that the degree of crystallinity of binary titanium-tungsten oxide samples decreases with increasing titanium content in the catalyst composition from 83.4% to 70.2%. In the case of copper-tungsten oxide catalysts, in addition to the initial oxides of copper and tungsten also contain phases of the chemical compound of copper tungstate, and crystallinity degrees of binary copper-tungsten oxide samples changes in the ranges from 85.7% to 41.3%.<strong></strong></p>

Water adsorption at the (010) and (101) surfaces of CuWO4.

Copper tungstate (CuWO4) has attracted significant attention over the past two decades. However, the adsorption of water onto CuWO4, which plays a critical role in the photocatalytic water splitting process, has not been investigated in detail. In this study, we have employed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate water adsorption onto the CuWO4 pristine (010) and reduced (101) surfaces. Surface phase diagrams as a function of temperature and partial pressure of H2O were also constructed to determine water coverage under particular environmental conditions. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the adsorption of water on the major CuWO4 surfaces, which is an important preliminary step in our investigation of photocatalytic water splitting over CuWO4.

Aqueous Solution-Gel Deposition of Copper-Based Photo-Electrodes for Multipurpose Photo-Electrochemical Systems

Efficient valorization of solar energy is expected to contribute significantly to a sustainable supply of energy and fuel sources, as well as the reduction of atmospheric pollution. To this end, photo-electrochemical systems show encouraging potential by converting light into chemical energy. These devices rely on semiconducting photoanodes and/or -cathodes that absorb light efficiently and generate electron-hole pairs with sufficient energy for initiating redox reactions. Several copper-based oxides exhibit appropriate band edges for both photo-electrochemical water splitting and CO2 reduction [1]. This, in combination with their bandgap values, low toxicity, and earth-abundance, has recently increased the attention for copper-based photo-electrodes for multipurpose photo-electrochemical systems. Substantial photocorrosion of CuO and Cu2O is the main issue restricting their application as functional photo-electrodes. In contrast, copper-based ternary oxides are found to be significantly less susceptible to photocorrosion. The citrate-based aqueous solution-gel method has proven to be a versatile approach for the formulation of stable aqueous metal ion precursor solutions, and the subsequent synthesis of (doped) multi-metal oxides by this method has been demonstrated numerously. [2,3] Still, due to the flexible redox chemistry of copper, the solution-gel synthesis of phase-pure copper-based ternary oxides remains challenging. This work describes the synthesis of copper-based photo-electrode materials by focusing on copper ferrite (CFO), copper tungstate (CWO), copper niobate (CNO), and copper bismuth oxide (CBO). The formulation of the respective precursor solutions is described, and their thermal decomposition is investigated. Thin-film photo-electrodes are deposited on transparent conductive substrates by spin coating. The phase purity of the resulting copper-based oxides is determined by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Using UV-Vis spectroscopy, the optical bandgap of the oxide semiconductors is calculated. Furthermore, the photo-electrodes are subjected to linear sweep voltammetry in dark and under illumination to evaluate their photo-electrochemical performance. [1] Wang et al. “Insights into the development of Cu-based photocathodes for carbon dioxide conversion” Green Chem. (2021) 23, 3207[2] Van den Rul et al. “Aqueous Solution-Based Synthesis of Nanostructured Metal Oxides” in “Handbook of Nanoceramics and Their Based Nanodevices” (2009) Ed. T-Y Tseng and H. S. Nalwa[3] Marchal et al. “Precursor Design Strategies for the Low-Temperature Synthesis of Functional Oxides: It’s All in the Chemistry” Chem. Eur. J. (2020) 26, 9070 This work has received funding from the Belgian federal government through the ETF project T-REX and from the VLAIO network “Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship” through the Catalisti Moonshot project SYN-CAT. Part of this work was financially supported by TNO in the framework of the “Energy Conversion and Storage” Early Research Program.

Boosting bulk charge transport of CuWO4 photoanodes via Cs doping for solar water oxidation

Copper tungstate (CuWO4) is a promising photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting due to its appropriate energy band position and broad light absorption range. However, the inherent unfilled 3d atomic orbital of Cu acts as a natural electron-hole recombination site, significantly constraining the PEC performance of CuWO4. Herein, Cs atoms with complete atomic orbitals are doped into CuWO4 in order to obtain better bulk charge separation capability. As a result, the photocurrent of Cs@CuWO4 increases from 0.57 to 0.99 mA cm−2 compared to CuWO4 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under AM 1.5G illumination, as well as the bulk charge transfer efficiencies rising from 13.5% to 19.3%. In addition, density of states (DOS) calculations further prove that the introduction of Cs atoms effectively suppresses the contribution of Cu 3d orbitals at the Fermi level. This work offers a valuable reference for the advancement of CuWO4 as the next-generation PEC photoanode material.

Defective cobalt and copper tungstates mixtures with TiO2 for photocatalytic CO2 reduction

In this work, the application of highly defective cobalt and copper tungstates was proposed for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The materials were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized with SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS and DRS techniques. Studied materials were examined in photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO in the gas phase, as bare photocatalysts and in mixtures with TiO2. The behavior of the junctions between the mixture components was determined using photoelectrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and surface photovoltage measurements. These studies reveal different types of junctions for the synthesized materials (disturbed S-scheme for CoT/TiO2 and type-I for CuT/TiO2). It was found the CuT/TiO2 mixture is more effective than CoT/TiO2 due to lower recombination rates of photogenerated charge carriers and the presence of a larger number of W5+ and Cu2+ active centers.

The Memristive Properties and Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity in Electrodeposited Copper Tungstates and Molybdates.

Memristors possess non-volatile memory, adjusting their electrical resistance to the current that flows through them and allowing switching between high and low conducting states. This technology could find applications in fields such as IT, consumer electronics, computing, sensors, and medicine. In this paper, we report successful electrodeposition of thin-film materials consisting of copper tungstate and copper molybdate (CuWO4 and Cu3Mo2O9), which showed notable memristive properties. Material characterisation was performed with techniques such as XRD, XPS, and SEM. The electrodeposited materials exhibited the ability to switch between low and high resistive states during varied cyclic scans and short-term impulses. The retention time of these switched states was also explored. Using these materials, the effects seen in biological systems, specifically spike timing-dependent plasticity, were simulated, being based on analogue operation of the memristors to achieve multiple conductivity states. Bio-inspired simulations performed directly on the material could possibly offer energy and time savings for classical computations. Memristors could be crucial for the advancement of high-efficiency, low-energy neuromorphic electronic devices and technologies in the future.

Ni(II)-doped CuWO4 photoanodes with enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity

CuWO4 has emerged in the last years as a ternary metal oxide material for photoanodes application in photoelectrochemical cells, thanks to its relatively narrow band gap, high stability and selectivity toward the oxygen evolution reaction, though largely limited by its poor charge separation efficiency. Aiming at overcoming this limitation, we investigate here the effects that Cu(II) ion substitution has on the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) performance of copper tungstate. Optically transparent CuWO4 thin-film photoanodes, prepared via spin coating and containing different amounts of Ni(II) ions, were fully characterized via UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD and SEM analyses, and their PEC performance was tested via linear sweep voltammetry, incident photon to current efficiency and internal quantum efficiency analyses. From tests performed in the presence of a hole scavenger-containing electrolyte, the charge injection and separation efficiencies of the electrodes were also calculated. Pure-phase crystalline and/or heterojunction materials were obtained with higher PEC performance compared to pure CuWO4, mainly due to a significantly enhanced charge separation efficiency in the bulk of the material.Graphic abstract

Copper tungstates directly derived from polyoxotungstate-MOF as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

The strategically selection of different selection of reaction temperature directly affects the performance of the target catalyst. Herein, copper tungstate species catalysts were directly derived from polyoxotungstate-based metal–organic frameworks ([Cu2(BTC)4/3(H2O)2]6[H3PW12O40], PW12-MOF) as sacrificial template by in-situ pyrolysis at temperatures of 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000 °C under the protection of N2, and further served as counter electrodes (CEs) to assemble dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The corresponding characterization of XRD, XPS, SEM and N2 adsorption/desorption revealed that PW12-MOF can be converted into copper tungstate, and the ligand groups can be carbonized into graphitic C to embedded in CuWO4, thus forming CuWO4@C composite at 800 °C. The significant effect of different pyrolysis temperatures on the electrocatalytic performance of the prepared CuWO4-based catalysts were identified with cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization. Furthermore, five different CuWO4-based catalysts were applied to regenerate I3−/I− shuttles in DSSCs, and then achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 5.79, 6.39, 7.01, 6.15 and 5.40% by photocurrent-voltage measurement, respectively, which was caused by the enhancement of electrical conductivity and the increase of catalytic active sites by the synergistic effect between CuWO4 and C, illustrating an excellent alternative to Pt CEs in the encapsulated DSSCs.

Exploring the Redox Properties of the Low-Miller Index Surfaces of Copper Tungstate (CuWO4): Evaluating the Impact of the Environmental Conditions on the Water Splitting and Carbon Dioxide Reduction Processes.

Photocatalysis has gained significant attention and interest as an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to the production of hydrogen through water splitting and the reduction and conversion of CO2. Copper tungstate (CuWO4) is a highly promising candidate for these applications owing to its appropriate bandgap and superior stability under different conditions. However, the redox behavior of the CuWO4 surfaces under different environments and their impact on the morphology of the material nanoparticles, as well as the electronic properties, remain poorly understood. In this study, we have employed density functional theory calculations to investigate the properties of the bulk and pristine surfaces of CuWO4 and how the latter are impacted by oxygen chemisorption under the conditions required for photocatalytic water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction processes. We have calculated the lattice parameters and electronic properties of the bulk phase, as well as the surface energies of all possible nonpolar, stoichiometric, and symmetric terminations of the seven low-Miller index surfaces and found that the (010) and (110) facets are the thermodynamically most stable. The surface-phase diagrams were used to derive the equilibrium crystal morphologies, which show that the pristine (010) surface is prominent under synthesis and room conditions. Our crystal morphologies suggest that the partially oxidized (110) surface and the partially reduced (011) surface may play an important role in the photocatalytic splitting of water and CO2 conversion, respectively. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the CuWO4 surfaces under the conditions of important photocatalytic applications.

CuWO4 as a cost-effective electrocatalyst for urea oxidation reaction

The urea oxidation reaction (UOR) plays a critical role in hydrogen (H2) production and in purifying urea-rich wastewater. However, the widespread application of UOR is restricted by the scarcity of low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts. In this study, inexpensive copper tungstate (CuWO4) catalysts were successfully synthesized using a simple hydrothermal synthesis method in the presence of cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) surfactants; the synthesized electrocatalysts were denoted as CW-2 and CW-3, respectively. CW-2 and CW-3 were analyzed via XRD, XPS, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. The CW-3 electrocatalyst shows the lower (430 mV) overpotential, compared with CW-2 electrocatalyst (486 mV) in OER analysis.

Scheming the best metal tungstate laden on boron nitride: Budding en route for electrochemical sensing of ornidazole

Due to the shape, high active surface area, and defective sites among other factors, the fabrication of shape-influenced nanoparticles across the surface of glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) promotes electrocatalytic activity. To achieve this, cobalt tungstate (CoWO4), lead tungstate (PbWO4), copper tungstate (CuWO4), barium tungstate (BaWO4), calcium tungstate (CaWO4), and cobalt tungstate (CoWO4) on chemically exfoliated boron nitride (CE-BN) on GCE are prepared and used for micromolar level detection of pharmaceutical compound namely ornidazole (OZ). We compared the tungstates for electrochemical OZ sensing to examine the effect of shape. Various microscopic and spectroscopic methods were used to characterize the physicochemical characteristics of synthetic materials. These investigations resulted in CoWO4/CE-BN being created solely and with the best reaction without any intervention. Furthermore, when exposed to room temperature at an ideal working buffer pH of 7.0, CoWO4/CE-BN/GCE exhibits greater reduction behavior in comparison to other tungstate electrodes. It is interesting to note that the electrode was able to generate a larger linear response (0.04 to 122.18 µM) with greater sensitivity (1.0225 µA µM−1 cm−2) and a lower micromolar detection limit (0.002 µM). The proposed sensor possesses outstanding selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, reversibility, and storage stability according to the practicability study using digital pulse voltammetry (DPV). Additionally, the examination of a lake water sample was completed with higher recovery outcomes.

Dual metal ions/BNQDs boost PMS activation over copper tungstate photocatalyst for antibiotic removal: Intermediate, toxicity assessment and mechanism

In the metal-based peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation process, the sluggish surface redox cycle of metal ions generally hampered the efficiency of PMS activation for pollutant removal. Herein, Co-doped CuWO4/BN quantum dots (CW/Co/BNQDs) photocatalysts were developed to realize Cu2+/Cu+ and Co2+/Co3+ dual ions redox cycles for PMS activation, which would facilitate the tetracycline (TC) removal. CW/4Co/2BNQDs could degrade 94.8% TC within 30 min in PMS/Vis system, and the apparent rate constant of CW/4Co/2BNQDs was 2.7 times and 1.2 times higher than those of CW and CW/4Co, respectively. The improved TC degradation performance could be attributed to the synergetic effect between BNQDs and dual redox cycles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of samples before and after the reaction demonstrated that BNQDs were beneficial for accelerating the Cu2+/Cu+ and Co2+/Co3+ redox cycles in CW/4Co/2BNQDs, further boosting the activation of PMS in TC degradation. Experiments of different radical scavengers revealed that the SO4·−/·OH/h+/1O2 reactive species participated in the PMS activation for the TC degradation process. The possible TC degradation pathway and intermediate toxicity were detailed investigated. In addition, CW/4Co/2BNQDs exhibited outstanding photocatalytic activity over five consecutive cycles, which illustrated that it was supposed to be a reliable PMS activator over antibiotic elimination for practical application. And this work shed new light on constructing dual redox cycles for efficient PMS activation.

Anionic and cationic dyes removal by degradation via photoelectrocatalysis using a WO3/CuWO4 heterojunction film as a photoanode

Population growth increases the disposal of organic pollutants in aqueous environments, including anionic and cationic dyes. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) and copper tungstate (CuWO4) have been considered as photocatalysts for the degradation of these pollutants by photoelectrocatalysis. However, these semiconductors used individually have some properties that reduce their potential for application in photoelectrocatalysis. Thus, this work proposed the in-situ synthesis of a WO3/CuWO4 heterojunction film for photoelectrocatalysis of anionic and cationic dyes. The structural characterization showed the monoclinic and triclinic phases in the nanocomposite corresponding to WO3 and CuWO4, respectively. The optical characterization revealed a better visible light absorption for the heterojunction film. The film formed nanoplates grown perpendicular on the conductive substrate, which can mitigate the charge recombination process. The photoelectrochemical characterizations showed superior photoelectrochemical stability for the WO3/CuWO4 film and the best activity to remove cationic dyes.

Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Activity of CuWO4 Photoanode by Yttrium Doping

Yttrium-doped copper tungstate photoelectrodes are prepared by depositing an yttrium-doped CuWO4 film (Y-CuWO4) on conductive glass substrates by dip coating. The morphology and chemical composition confirm the fabrication of yttrium-doped CuWO4 films. The optical bandgap of the photoelectrodes is studied by UV–vis diffuse reflectance and a bandgap of 2.30 eV is obtained for the pure CuWO4 photoelectrode. The yttrium-doped photoelectrodes show a small shift of the bandgap to higher values, which according to DFT calculations can be ascribed to a higher density of electronic states in the first conduction band from incorporating yttrium into the structure. The photoelectrochemical characterisation shows that adding yttrium produces an enhanced charge separation efficiency in the bulk which can be attributed to a higher donor density in the structure, and a 92.5% higher photocurrent density is obtained for the 5%Y-CuWO4 photoelectrode when compared to the pure CuWO4 photoelectrode for the oxygen evolution reaction at 1.3 V vs RHE. This work shows that doping CuWO4 with yttrium is an effective approach to improve the poor charge separation presented by pure CuWO4 photoelectrodes.

Copper tungstate deposited reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for highly efficient capacitive deionization

Copper tungstate (CuWO4) decorated 2-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (CWO/rGO) has been successfully fabricated via solvothermal synthesis at 180 °C for 12 h, and then utilized for capacitive deionization (CDI) applications. After deposition of 20 – 40 nm spherical CuWO4 nanoparticles onto few-layered rGO nanosheets, the specific surface area can be up to 338 m2 g−1 with abundant 2 – 10 nm mesopores, which can accelerate the ion transport to augment the electrochemical performance. The CWO/rGO nanocomposite also exhibits high specific capacitances of 380 and 327 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and 5 mV s−1, respectively. Furthermore, the specific electrosorption capacity (SEC) of CWO/rGO is highly dependent on environmental parameters including NaCl concentration, flow rate, applied potential, and solution temperature. An excellent SEC of 54.1 mg g−1 is achieved when 1000 mg L-1 NaCl was used at 1.4 V. Both Faradaic and electric double layer capacitances contribute the electrosorption capacity to the CDI performance of CWO/rGO where CuWO4 provides electroactive sites and rGO enhances the electric conductivity as well as offers mesoporous channels for electrosorption of ions. Meanwhile, the high charge efficiency of 95 %, lower energy consumption of 0.32 kWh m−3, and long-term stability of 50 charging-discharging cycles make the CWO/rGO a potential material for brackish water desalination, which can elucidate on the development of highly efficient desalination technologies.

Production of Graphene/Inorganic Matrix Composites through the Sintering of Graphene Oxide Flakes Decorated with CuWO4·2H2O Nanoparticles.

There is growing interest in graphene-reinforced inorganic matrix composites, but progress in this field is far behind that of polymer matrices due to difficulties in the processing of carbon materials in aggressive sintering environments, including oxidation and solubility in the host matrix. Copper-tungsten matrices are of particular interest in the power switching field but are difficult to produce due to the mutual insolubility of metals and poor wetting. Herein, composites were produced by decorating graphene oxide flakes with 8 nm diameter CuWO4·2H2O nanoparticles and then sintering them to form the final shape. The oxide nanoparticles were found to self-assemble into platelets on the surfaces of graphene flakes. Upon sintering, the presence of graphene was found to change the grain morphology from elongated needles to a polyhedral shape. It was found that, despite the nanosize of the CuWO4·2H2O particles used, the sintering conditions did not reduce the matrix to a pure metal; the sintered composites were found to be of mixed phase with copper tungstate and copper oxide present. Raman spectroscopy indicated that the graphene oxide became hydrogenated during the sintering process as a result of the reducing hydrogen atmosphere used.

Copper tungstate (CuWO4)/graphene quantum dots (GQDs) composite photocatalyst for enhanced degradation of phenol under visible light irradiation

Photocatalysis is one of the most preferred methods for the degradation of organic pollutants as it can lead to complete mineralization of organic pollutants employing sunlight as an energy source. Until so far enormous number of investigations have been done regarding the development of visible light responsive, stable, and cost effective photocatalysts. In the present work, owing to objectives mentioned above, an attempt was made to develop an efficient, cheaper, and visible light active composite photocatalyst consisting of moderate band gap, CuWO4 with electron conductive graphene quantum dots. A series of photocatalysts was prepared by varying the amount of CuWO4 while keeping the amount of GQDs fixed, and their activity was evaluated for the phenol degradation under visible light irradiation. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Photoluminescence (PL) for the evaluation of crystallinity, functional groups, and properties of charge carrier separation, respectively. The maximum efficiency of photodegradation of phenol simulated wastewater was achieved by sample 0.5GCW (optimized sample having 0.5 wt% of CuWO4 with respect to fixed amount of GQDs), 53.41%, as compared to the pure CuWO4 sample, which exhibited 19.08% efficiency. A possible mechanism for enhanced activity of CuWO4 is proposed mainly due to efficient transfer of electrons from CuWO4 to graphene quantum dots. The results show that the graphene quantum dots GQDs with the CuWO4 significantly contributes to the improvement of photocatalytic performance.

Plasma Ag-loaded bandgap variational Zn1-xMgxO-enhanced charge separation for photoelectrochemical water oxidation of CuWO4 photoanodes

The recombination of photogenerated carriers and sluggish surface oxidation kinetics severely inhibited the development of copper tungstate (CuWO4) photoanode photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. Herein, the Zn1-xMgxO-modified CuWO4 photoanode ameliorated the vital matter of easy recombination of electron-hole pairs, where the transformation of the heterojunction type (type I to type II) between Zn1-xMgxO and CuWO4 played a crucial role in the extraction of carriers. Further, the effective charge separation was obtained utilizing the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of plasma metal (Ag), which facilitated the PEC water oxidation reaction. Besides, the surface states trapped/stored holes and reduced charge transfer resistance, thus facilitating charge transfer. The overlap of the fillable surface states with filled redox coupled states ensured the enhancement of the water oxidation kinetics, which further promoted the charge transfer. As a result, the optimized CuWO4/Zn0.7Mg0.3O/Ag photoanode showed significant advancement in photocurrent density (1.71 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE), electrochemical impedance and stability. This work emphasized the interfacial structure modulation of two strategies that potentially provide more ideas and options for the design of other efficient photoanodes.

Effects of operating temperature on photoelectrochemical performance of CuWO4 film photoanode

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a kind of strategy to produce hydrogen by using renewable energy. Copper tungstate (CuWO4) with a suitable bandgap (∼2.3 eV) is a potential candidate, but its poor charge transfer ability limits the real performance. According to the fact that the real reaction temperature is different from the normal temperature (298 K) in the laboratory, the testing temperature was considered as a potential influence factor for the PEC performance of photoelectrodes. In this study, the effects of temperature on the PEC properties of CuWO4 photoanode were discussed from the viewpoint of charge transfer in the photoanode, specific conductance and pH of the electrolyte, and the reaction Gibbs free energy. An increasing photocurrent is achieved by increasing the testing temperature, which is from 0.11 mA/cm2 (1.23 V vs RHE) at 5 ℃ to 0.31 mA/cm2 at 70 ℃. A similar increasing trend was seen between the carrier concentration and photocurrent, indicating the main influence factors are considered as improved carrier concentration and accelerated charge transfer ability of semiconductors. At higher temperatures, the risk of collisions of electrons and holes increases, although this negative effect is smaller than the positive effect brought on by greater carrier densities, as indicated by the smaller rise in current density compared to that of carrier density at 60/70/80/90 °C. This research suggests that a real-world factor favoring PEC water splitting is an increase in temperature.