Copolymers Of Alkyl Methacrylates Research Articles

Influence of Composition of Copolymers of Glycidyl Methacrylate and Alkyl Methacrylates on the Free Energy and Lyophilic Properties of the Coatings

Influence of Composition of Copolymers of Glycidyl Methacrylate and Alkyl Methacrylates on the Free Energy and Lyophilic Properties of the Coatings

ОДНОСТАДИЙНЫЙ СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СУПЕРГИДРОФОБНЫХ ПОКРЫТИЙ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ЧАСТИЦЫ НАПОЛНИТЕЛЯ

The paper proposes an approach for obtaining composite coatings based on copolymers of alkylmethacrylates and glycidylmethacrylate with appreted kaolin and aerosil particles. The formation of coatings on the surface is carried out by aerosol application and subsequent temperature curing. The influence of the filler surface dressing, concentration and particle shape on the formed topology of the surface layer and the stability of superhydrophobic properties has been studied.

Decoding plastic pollution in the geological record: A baseline study on the Caribbean Coast of Colombia, north South America

This study presents the first report of plastics in the geological record (rocks and formations composed of plastics) along the central Caribbean Coast of Colombia, northern coast of South America. These novel records of pollution include two rock types (plastiglomerates and quartz plastisandstones), two altered plastic types (pyroplastics and plasticrusts), two soil types (plasticlasts and anthrosols), and a series of artifacts (fossils) found near human settlements. All of them were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Polyester, high-density polyethylene, and copolymers of alkyl acrylates or methacrylates were identified as the principal polymers forming these rocks. This research provides new insights into the petrology of these emerging new forms of pollution, for which humans are primarily responsible for their generation and distribution. Similarly, the results presented emphasize that plastics are generating a deluge of pollutants in terms of variety and volume, overwhelming natural environments globally. Controlling or even eliminating their use has become one of the most significant challenges of the 21st Century.

Forced Gradient Copolymer for Rational Design of Mussel-Inspired Adhesives and Dispersants.

In recent years, there has been considerable research into functional materials inspired by living things. Much attention has been paid to the development of adhesive materials that mimic the adhesive proteins secreted by a mussel's foot. These mussel-inspired materials have superior adhesiveness to various adherents owing to the non-covalent interactions of their polyphenolic moieties, e.g., hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and even hydrophobic interactions. Various factors significantly affect the adhesiveness of mussel-inspired polymers, such as the molecular weight, cross-linking density, and composition ratio of the components, as well as the chemical structure of the polyphenolic adhesive moieties, such as l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-Dopa). However, the contributions of the position and distribution of the adhesive moiety in mussel-inspired polymers are often underestimated. In the present study, we prepared a series of mussel-inspired alkyl methacrylate copolymers by controlling the position and distribution of the adhesive moiety, which are known as "forced gradient copolymers". We used a newly designed gallic-acid-bearing methacrylate (GMA) as the polyphenolic adhesive moiety and copolymerized it with 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate (EHMA). The resulting forced gradient adhesive copolymer of GMA and EHMA (poly(GMA-co-EHMA), Poly1) was subjected to adhesion and dispersion tests with an aluminum substrate and a BaTiO3 nanoparticle in organic solvents, respectively. In particular, this study aims to clarify how the monomer position and distribution of the adhesive moiety in the mussel-inspired polymer affect its adhesion and dispersion behavior on a flat metal oxide surface and spherical inorganic oxide surfaces of several tens of nanometers in diameter, respectively. Here, forced gradient copolymer Poly1 consisted of a homopolymer moiety of EHMA (Poly3) and a random copolymer moiety of EHMA and GMA (Poly4). The composition ratio of GMA and the molecular weight were kept constant among the Poly1 series. Simultaneous control of the molecular lengths of Poly3 and Poly4 allowed us to discuss the effects on the distribution of GMA in Poly1. Poly1 exhibited apparent distribution dependency with regard to the adhesiveness and the dispersibility of BaTiO3. Poly1 showed the highest adhesion strength when the composition ratio of GMA was approximately 9 mol% in the portion of the Poly4 segment. In contrast, the block copolymer consisting of the Poly3 segment and Poly4 segment with only adhesive moiety 1 showed the lowest viscosity for dispersion of BaTiO3 nanoparticles. These results indicate that copolymers with mussel-inspired adhesive motifs require the proper design of the monomer position and distribution in Poly1 according to the shape and characteristics of the adherend to maximize their functionality. This research will facilitate the rational design of bio-inspired adhesive materials derived from plants that outperform natural materials, and it will eventually contribute to a sustainable circular economy.

Biodegradation Control of Chitosan Materials by Surface Modification with Copolymers of Glycidyl Methacrylate and Alkyl Methacrylates

Chitosan is a promising polymer from natural polysaccharides, which is an environmentally friendly compound from renewable raw materials. Chitosan has biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial and other activities. In this article, we report the biodegradation control of chitosan materials by use of random copolymers based on glycidyl methacrylate and (fluoro)alkyl methacrylates as surface modifiers. We show that grafting of copolymers allows increasing the hydrophobicity of chitosan materials with initial contact angles up to 114° from 89° for films and up to 154° from 123° for aerogels. We demonstrate that modified aerogels retain contact angles of more than 150° for a long contact time with water while the initial aerogel fully wets for 30 s. The resulting chitosan aerogels have high porosity with a pore size of 100–200 µm, and the pore walls are 0.6–0.7-µm-thick film formations. Our study of lyophilic properties of modified chitosan substrates showed a change in the hydrophobicity of the materials as a function of length of the hydrocarbon radical in the side groups of the (fluoro)alkyl methacrylates in the copolymers. We demonstrate that the rate of biodegradation of the resulting materials decreases with an increase in the number of hydrophobic groups in the modifier. The obtained chitosan materials with hydrophobic coatings have potential as a protective layer for wound dressings with an extended service life.

Highly Hydrophobic and Superhydrophobic Coatings Based on Linseed Oil and Copolymers of Glycidyl Methacrylate and (Fluoro)Alkyl Methacrylates for Wood Surfaces

Highly Hydrophobic and Superhydrophobic Coatings Based on Linseed Oil and Copolymers of Glycidyl Methacrylate and (Fluoro)Alkyl Methacrylates for Wood Surfaces

Microstructure of the chain of alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymers with vinyl butyl ether synthesized by the compensation method

Microstructure of the chain of alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymers with vinyl butyl ether synthesized by the compensation method

Epoxy-based triblock, diblock, gradient and statistical copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and alkyl methacrylates by nitroxide mediated polymerization

A series of triblock, diblock, gradient and statistical copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and C13 methacrylates (C13MA, alkyl methacrylates with the average side-chain length of 13.0) were synthesized by nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) using Dispolreg 007 in 50 wt% dioxane at 90 °C. The polymers had the number average molecular weights (Mn) in the range of 23-46 kg mol−1 and dispersities (Đ) of 1.5–1.9. For the GMA/C13MA statistical copolymerization, reactivity ratios rGMA = 1.17 ± 0.09 and rC13MA = 0.65 ± 0.09 were determined. For statistical copolymers with GMA ratio (FGMA) of 0.5–0.8, the appearance of a melting point (Tm) at −43 to −19 °C and two glass transition temperatures (Tg) in the range of −53 to 11 °C indicated the possibility of micro-phase separation and a weak gradient polymerization. TGA showed ash content up to 13 wt% for GMA/C13MA copolymers at 600 °C, suggesting the possibility of high flame retardancy. Furthermore, a transition from elastic solid to viscous liquid behavior was detected by an oscillatory frequency sweep at 30 °C for triblock copolymers of GMA/C13MA (FGMA = 0.6–0.7, crossovers at 100–200 rad s−1) and gradient polymers with high GMA content (FGMA = 0.88, crossover at 10 rad s−1).

Thermal Stability and Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Statistical Copolymers of N-Vinylpyrrolidone and Alkyl Methacrylates Synthesized via RAFT Polymerization

The thermal stability and the kinetics of thermal decomposition of statistical copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) with the alkyl methacrylates, hexyl methacrylate (HMA) and stearyl methacrylate (SMA), were studied by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermogravimetry (DTG). Statistical copolymers of different compositions were studied, and their thermal decomposition behavior was compared to the corresponding homopolymers. The activation energies of the thermal decomposition were calculated using the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, the Kissinger, and the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose methodologies. The effects of the nature of the methacrylate monomer, the copolymer composition, and the rate of heating are discussed.

Development of polymethacrylate thickener for low pour point transmission oil

The influence of the molecular weight and composition of polyalkyl (meth) acrylate thickeners on the properties NS-3 ultralow pour point naphthenic base oil (Nynas, Sweden) was determined. Using standard experimental techniques, it has been shown that copolymers of higher alkyl methacrylates with C12- C15 alkyl groups, containing 5- 15% methyl methacrylate or butyl methacrylate units and having an average molecular weight М n = 18000- 20000, have good thickening properties and high resistance to mechanical destruction (which are not inferior to the indicators of the used foreign additive Viscoplex 0-220). The results made it possible to develop a thickening additive K-64-03 for low pour point transmission oil, which can be used in highly loaded machinery in the winter conditions of the Far North. Additive K-64-03 exhibits the required thickening properties at elevated and negative temperatures, does not worsen the ultra-low pour point of the base oil (below minus 70°C) and has a high resistance to mechanical destruction.

The Superhydrophobic State Stability of Coatings Based on Copolymers of Glycidyl Methacrylate and Alkyl Methacrylates on Cotton Fabric Surface

We suggest a simple and reproducible strategy for fabricating durable superhydrophobic coatings on the basis of series of functional random copolymers of alkyl methacrylates and glycidyl methacrylate on cotton fabric surface. The procedure consists of the fabric treatment by solutions of copolymers in methylethylketone and following heating at 140 °C. The initial contact angles of obtained coatings on fabric surface achieve 165°. The dependence of superhydrophobic properties of coatings based on copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and alkyl (meth)acrylates (with alkyl radicals С4–С18 in side chains) attached to the cotton fabric surface was studied. The comparative analysis of superhydrophobic state stability of polymer coatings during long-term contacts with aggressive media is presented. We evaluated the contact angles stability as a function of prolonged contact of polymer coatings with water under saturated vapor conditions, organic solvents, and synthetic detergents. Polymeric coatings based on a copolymer of lauryl methacrylate (С12) and glycidyl methacrylate provide better stability of superhydrophobic properties compared with other copolymers of alkyl methacrylates.

Новые сополимеры виниловых мономеров с вклю-чением стирола как перспективные модификаторы вязкости смазочных масел

The method of the compensating copolymerization was used for the synthesis of compositionally homogeneous binary and ternary copolymers of vinyl butyl ether, styrene and alkyl (meth)acrylates (butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate) with a comparable ratio of all components. New copolymers exhibit low susceptibility to mechanical degradation in dioctyl sebacate solution that is a synthetic base of lubricants. The latter indirectly confirms the composition homogeneity and gives an opportunity of their application as an import substitution of the oils thickeners.

Additives for Petroleum Products, Based on Copolymers of Higher alkyl (meth)acrylates and N-alkylacrylamides

It has been shown that the introduction of N-alkylacrylamide units into polymers of higher alkyl (meth)acrylates (with a different composition of the alkyl groups) raises their effectiveness as depressants for paraffin oils, as additives in the low-temperature solution deparaffination of oil fractions, and as viscosity-dispersing additives for petroleum oils.

Особенности молекулярно-массовых параметров сополимеров алкилметакрилатов с винилалкиловыми эфирами, синтезированных компенсационным методом

Для установления причин образования заметной низкомолекулярной фракции при компенсационной сополимеризации бутилакрилата с винилбутиловым эфиром в кипящем мономере получены новые данные при сравнении процесса из мономерной смеси в ампулах и в кипящем мономере при инициировании динитриломазоизомасляной кислоты, а также компенсационным способом в присутствии триалкилборана. Анализ молекулярно-массовых характеристик свидетельствует о том, что при удалении следов кислорода воздуха при вакуумировании и за счет взаимодействия с триалкилбораном образуется сополимер большей молекулярной массы в сравнении с аналогом, синтезированным в присутствии следов кислорода.

Structure of the copolymers of alkyl methacrylate and vinyl alkyl ethers, novel viscosity modifiers of lubricating oils

Copolymers of vinyl butyl ethers and alkyl methacrylates may find use as resource-saving viscosity modifiers of oils that is due to a new approach to their synthesis, which allows reaching high compositional homogeneity of the polymer chain. The data of 13C NMR spectroscopy were reported which show the structure of alternating copolymers obtained by compensation copolymerization in boiling monomer under the radical initiation.

Supramolecular Cross-Links in Poly(alkyl methacrylate) Copolymers and Their Impact on the Mechanical and Reversible Adhesive Properties

Hydrogen-bonded, side-chain-functionalized supramolecular poly(alkyl methacrylate)s were investigated as light- and temperature-responsive reversible adhesives that are useful for bonding and debonding on demand applications. Here, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was functionalized with 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) via a hexamethylenediisocyanate (HMDI) linker, to create a monomer (UPy-HMDI-HEMA) that serves to form supramolecular cross-links by way of forming quadruple hydrogen bonded dimers. UPy-HMDI-HEMA was copolymerized with either hexyl methacrylate or butyl methacrylate to create copolymers comprising 2.5, 5, or 10 mol % of the cross-linker. The mechanical properties of all (co)polymers were investigated with stress-strain experiments and dynamic mechanical analysis. Furthermore, the adhesive properties were studied at temperatures between 20 and 60 °C by testing single lap joints formed with stainless steel substrates. It was found that increasing the concentration of the UPy-HMDI-HEMA cross-linker leads to improved mechanical and adhesive properties at elevated temperatures. Concurrently, the reversibility of the bond formation remained unaffected, where rebonded samples displayed the same adhesive strength as regularly bonded samples. Debonding on demand abilities were also tested exemplarily for one copolymer, which for light-induced debonding experiments was blended with a UV-absorber that served as light-heat converter. Single lap joints were subjected to a constant force and heated or irradiated with UV light until debonding occurred. The necessary debonding temperature was comparable for direct heating and UV irradiation and varied between 28 and 82 °C, depending on the applied force. The latter also influenced the debonding time, which under the chosen conditions ranged from 30 s to 12 min.

Enthalpic and Volumetric Changes at Phase Transitions of Polystyrene-b-poly(alkyl methacrylate) Copolymers and Their Pressure Dependence

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteEnthalpic and Volumetric Changes at Phase Transitions of Polystyrene-b-poly(alkyl methacrylate) Copolymers and Their Pressure DependenceDong Hyun Lee†, Hoyeon Lee‡, Yonghoon Lee‡, Yoonkeun Kim‡, and Du Yeol Ryu*‡View Author Information† Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 448-701, Korea‡ Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea*E-mail: [email protected] (D.Y.R.).Cite this: Macromolecules 2014, 47, 6, 2169–2173Publication Date (Web):March 12, 2014Publication History Received11 December 2013Revised23 February 2014Published online12 March 2014Published inissue 25 March 2014https://doi.org/10.1021/ma402535wCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views576Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Alkyls,Organic compounds,Phase transitions,Thickness,Transition temperature Get e-Alerts

Influence of the molecular weight on the properties of alkyl methacrylate-vinyl butyl ether copolymers as thickening additives to petroleum oils

Copolymers of alkyl methacrylates with vinyl butyl ether were prepared by gradual addition of the active monomer to the inactive monomer. The resistance of these copolymers to mechanical degradation and their thickening power in petroleum oils were studied in comparison with those of the polyalkyl methacrylates used in industry. The influence of the molecular weight of the copolymers on the above characteristics was examined. The alkyl methacrylate-vinyl butyl ether copolymers exhibit enhanced resistance to mechanical degradation in a petroleum oil solution.

Pyrolysis of Copolymers Based on Alkyl Methacrylates with C<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>8</sub> Alkyl Chain

The manuscript describes pyrolysis of copolymers based on selected alkyl methacrylates containing C1-C8 alkyl side chain at temperatures between 250 °C and 400 °C which was studied using pyrolysis-gas chromatography. The kind and composition of thermal degradation products gave practical information about the mechanism of pyrolysis of copolymers synthesized by using of typical commercially available alkyl methacrylates. It was observed that the main thermal degradation products from alkyl methacrylate copolymers are monomers, in this case alkyl methacrylates using by synthesis. Other pyrolysis by-products formed during thermal degradation were carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, methanol, ethanol and propanol-1.

Pyrolysis of Copolymers Based on Alkyl Methacrylates with C<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>8</sub> Alkyl Chain

The manuscript describes pyrolysis of copolymers based on selected alkyl methacrylates containing C1-C8 alkyl side chain at temperatures between 250 °C and 400 °C which was studied using pyrolysis-gas chromatography. The kind and composition of thermal degradation products gave practical information about the mechanism of pyrolysis of copolymers synthesized by using of typical commercially available alkyl methacrylates. It was observed that the main thermal degradation products from alkyl methacrylate copolymers are monomers, in this case alkyl methacrylates using by synthesis. Other pyrolysis by-products formed during thermal degradation were carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, methanol, ethanol and propanol-1.