Copenhagen Burnout Inventory Scores Research Articles

Burnout experience among healthcare workers post third COVID-19 wave in India; findings of a cross-sectional study

Background The pandemic exacerbated burnout experienced by healthcare personnel, whose mental health had long been a public health concern before COVID-19. This study used the Copenhagen burnout inventory (CBI) tool to assess burnout and identify predictors among Indian healthcare workers managing COVID-19. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2022, after the third pandemic wave. A web-based, fillable Google form was used to recruit COVID-19 management professionals from multiple Jaipur district hospitals. Healthcare professionals provided socio-demographic, work-related, and CBI scores. Multiple linear regression was used to control for model covariant independent variables. Results We evaluated the responses of a total of 578 participants with a mean age of 36.59 ± 9.1 years. Based on the CBI cut-off score of 50, 68.1% reported burnout. A total of 67.5%, 56.4%, and 48.6% of healthcare workers reported work-related, personal, and patient-related burnout, respectively. High burnout scores were significantly associated with the nursing profession (β = 7.89, 95% CI; 3.66, 12.11, p < 0.0001). The p-value indicates the probability of observing the data if the null hypothesis is true, and the confidence interval shows the range within which we can be 95% confident that the true effect lies. An independent relationship exists between male gender and higher personal-related burnout scores (β = 4.45, 95% CI 1.9–6.9). Conclusion This study identified key indicators that need further emphasis and the need for organizational and individual-level burnout monitoring in healthcare delivery sectors. Health workers continue to experience burnout due to a combination of personal, professional, and patient-related factors. This underscores the need for targeted organizational and individual interventions. The findings also suggest that the CBI tool could identify healthcare worker burnout risk groups.

Burnout among intensive care nurses, physicians and leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national longitudinal study.

Burnout is frequent among intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare professionals and may result in medical errors and absenteeism. The COVID-19 pandemic caused additional strain during working hours and also affected off-duty life. The aims of this study were to survey burnout levels among ICU healthcare professionals during the first year of COVID-19, describe those who reported burnout, and analyse demographic and work-related factors associated with burnout. This was a national prospective longitudinal cohort study of 484 nurses, physicians and leaders working in intensive care units with COVID-19 patients in Norway. Burnout was measured at 6- and 12-month follow-up, after a registration of baseline data during the first months of the COVID epidemic. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), was used (range 0-100), burnout caseness defined as CBI ≥50. Bi- and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine baseline demographic variables and work-related factors associated with burnout caseness at 12 months. At 6 months, the median CBI score was 17, increasing to 21 at 12 months (p = .037), with nurses accounting for most of the increase. Thirty-two per cent had an increase in score of more than 5, whereas 25% had a decrease of more than 5. Ten per cent reported caseness of burnout at 6 months and 14% at 12 months (n.s.). The participants with burnout caseness were of significantly lower age, had fewer years of experience, reported more previous anxiety and/or depression, more moral distress, less perceived hospital recognition, and more fear of infection in the bivariate analyses. Burnout was the single standing most reported type of psychological distress, and 24 out of 41 (59%) with burnout caseness also reported caseness of anxiety, depression and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Multivariate analysis showed statistically significant associations of burnout caseness with fewer years of professional experience (p = .041) and borderline significance of perceived support by leader (p = .049). In Norway, a minority of ICU nurses, physicians and leaders reported burnout 1 year into the pandemic. A majority of those with burnout reported anxiety, depression and/or PTSD symptoms combined. Burnout was associated with less years of professional experience.

Burnout Among Mid-Career Academic Medical Faculty

Studies reveal that most physicians report symptoms of burnout. Less is known about burnout in mid-career medical faculty specifically. To characterize burnout and its risk factors, particularly differences by gender, among mid-career medical faculty. Between August 2021 and August 2022, a survey was sent to 1430 individuals who received new National Institutes of Health K08 and K23 career development awards from 2006 to 2009. Data were analyzed between June and October 2023. Personal and work-related burnout as evaluated using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). The CBI score ranges from 0 to 100, with a score of 50 or higher indicating a high degree of burnout. Multivariable models were used to investigate associations between burnout and participant characteristics, including race and ethnicity, sexual orientation and gender identity, academic rank, work climate, experiences of workplace sexual harassment, sleep hours, work and domestic caregiving time, and time allocation changes in work and domestic work hours compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic. Work climate was evaluated by a general climate elements scale assessing elements such as friendliness, respect, and collegiality, and a diversity, equity, and inclusion climate elements scale assessing elements such as homogeneity, sexism, and homophobia; higher scores indicated a more favorable view of the climate. In all, 1430 surveys were sent, 926 candidates responded (65% response rate), and the analytic cohort was limited to the 841 respondents who were still in academic medicine (50.7% men). Burnout was significantly more common for women than men (mean [SD] CBI personal scores, 46.6 [19.4] vs 37.5 [17.2]; P < .001; mean [SD] CBI work-related scores, 43.7 [20.4] vs 34.6 [19.7]; P < .001). In multivariable models, personal burnout was significantly more likely for women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.29 [95% CI, 1.54-3.41]; P < .001) and with more weekly hours of patient care (AOR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.00-1.15] for each 5-hour increase; P = .04). Personal burnout was less likely with more nightly sleep hours (AOR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.56-0.81] for each 1-hour increase; P < .001) and with an improved general work climate rating (AOR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.48-0.85] for each 1-point increase in general work climate scale score; P = .002). Work-related burnout was also significantly more likely for women than men (AOR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.17-2.69]; P = .007). Greater work-related burnout was associated with an increase of 8 or more work hours per week compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic (AOR, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.13-3.08]; P = .01), more weekly hours of patient care (AOR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.03-1.19] for each 5-hour increase; P = .007), and a workplace sexual harassment experience in the past 2 years (AOR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.11-2.62]; P = .01). Work-related burnout was significantly less likely with more nightly sleep hours (AOR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.66-0.96] for each 1-hour increase; P = .02) and with an improved general work climate rating (AOR, 0.49; [95% CI, 0.36-0.65] for each 1-point increase in general work climate scale score; P < .001). This survey study of K grant awardees revealed substantial rates of burnout among mid-career medical faculty, and burnout rates differed by gender. Evidence-based interventions are needed to realize the benefits of workforce diversity and vitality.

Original Research: Addressing Nurse Burnout: The Relationship Between Burnout and Physical Activity.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses have faced innumerable challenges, which have contributed to staggering increases in burnout rates. In the health care arena, burnout has been associated with the onset or exacerbation of physical illness, neglect of self-care, fatigue, decreased patient satisfaction, higher medication error rates, lack of nurse engagement, and increased nurse turnover. This cross-sectional study sought to determine whether a correlation exists between self-reported physical activity and nurses' perception of burnout in a sample of hospital RNs. The secondary aim was to determine whether a correlation exists between the level of perceived burnout and the number of medication errors or near misses. Participants were asked to provide demographic information, complete the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ), and self-report the number of medication errors or near misses they were involved in during the previous 12 months. Data were analyzed using Stata version 17 software. A total of 216 participants returned usable surveys. Regarding the relationship between burnout and physical activity levels, data analysis was performed for the 210 participants who completed both the CBI and the GLTEQ. Compared with the least physically active nurses, the most active nurses had significantly lower CBI scores, with 68.5% of those reporting low or no burnout also scoring 24 or more on the GLTEQ. The least physically active nurses had significantly higher CBI scores, with 47.6% of those reporting high burnout also scoring 13 or less on the GLTEQ. Moreover, 90% of the nurses with high burnout levels had directly cared for COVID-19 patients at some point between 2020 and 2022. Medical-surgical nurses experienced significantly higher levels of burnout compared with nurses working in other service areas. No significant relationship was found between the number of medication errors or near misses and burnout levels. This study found that the most physically active nurses reported lower levels of burnout, while the highest levels of burnout were found in the least active nurses. Although COVID-19 infection rates have eased, many nurses, particularly those who have cared for COVID-19 patients and those who work in medical-surgical environments, continue to experience burnout. Targeted programs to reduce work-related burnout, as well as organizational sponsorship of and unit-level support for such programs, are urgently needed. This study's findings suggest that promotion of physical activity may be an essential component to alleviating burnout.

Burnout in emergency department personnel—A continuing concern post pandemic

AbstractIntroductionHigh incidences of burnout has been reported amongst emergency department (ED) personnel during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Emerging from the pandemic, organisational support for psychological health may dwindle and become secondary to economic priorities. We aimed to ascertain the level of burnout within ED staff at our hospital, identify professional groups, which were more vulnerable and domains, which contributed most towards burnout.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study approximately 8 months after major moves to remove COVID‐19 restrictions in Singapore. Data was collected via a self‐administered survey employing the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). Demographics, occupational details, work satisfaction and motivation to stay in the job were also collected and analysed.ResultsA total of 115 ED staff participated. Overall CBI score was 62.3 ± 22.0. Scores for personal, work‐related and client burnout were 64.9 ± 23.2, 61.6 ± 23.1 and 60.4 ± 26.1, respectively. A total of 44.5% had to take medical leave because of burnout. Nurses had higher overall CBI scores than doctors (67.5 ± 20.5 vs. 54.6 ± 23.0, p = 0.01). Those who were satisfied with their present job had lower overall CBI scores compared to those not satisfied (42.7 ± 17.9 vs. 84.0 ± 14.4, p &lt; 0.001). Overall CBI scores were also lower in those motivated compared with those not motivated to continue in their current job (50.1 ± 16.3 vs. 79.0 ± 15.1, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionED staff continue to record high rates of burnout as we transit out of the pandemic. Accompanying rates of medical leave and low levels of motivation to remain in the job are serious occupational health concerns. Factors contributing to burnout in at risk groups such as nurses should be further analysed. High mean CBI scores in the personal and work domains indicate that related factors contribute most towards burnout and interventions should be focused accordingly.

Assessing burnout rates and contributing factors in emergency medical services clinicians

Background Burnout is costly to the healthcare system and is associated with medical error, absenteeism, and attrition. Emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians endure numerous stressors that predispose them to experience burnout. Methods An instrument was administered to licensed EMS clinicians recruited from 16 services across Massachusetts. The anonymous survey consisted of demographics, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) instrument, and 5-possibility Likert scales. Prevalence ratios were calculated to determine which demographic qualities and burnout-related factors were associated with increased CBI scores. Results In total, 386 EMTs were surveyed (62.2% male). The survey response rate was 21.4%. The mean CBI was 52.97 (SD 17.88). A positive burnout screen (CBI score = >50) was calculated for 55.4% of respondents. Respondents most often reported that inadequate compensation (87.5%) and high call volume (79.2%) contributed to perceived stress at work. Factors most associated with positive burnout screening amongst respondents were inadequate compensation (PR 5.8, CI 2.52–12.38, p < 0.001) and inadequate opportunity to process trauma (PR 2.88, CI 2.14–3.87, p < 0.001). Conclusion Over half of the surveyed EMS population suffers from burnout, based on the CBI assessment tool. Factors contributing most to positive burnout screening include inadequate compensation and lack of opportunity to process trauma.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Burnout in Athletic Trainers: An Exploratory Study.

Burnout, a state of physical or emotional exhaustion, is a concern within athletic training, as between 17% and 40% of athletic trainers (ATs) report high levels of burnout. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked with higher levels of burnout in other health professions. To compare burnout with ACEs in ATs. Cross-sectional study. Web-based survey. One thousand ATs were selected at random to participate in the study. Of these, 78 ATs started the survey, and 75 ATs completed it. Burnout, as measured by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) overall and subscale scores, was compared across groups based on the number of adverse experiences as measured by the ACEs survey. Multiple analysis of variance tests were used to determine the association between ACEs score and overall, personal, work-related, and patient-related burnout. At least 1 adverse experience was reported by 37 (49.33%) participants. Those with ≥4 ACEs had higher odds of describing overall, personal, and work-related burnout than those with 0 to 3 ACEs. Moderate burnout (CBI score ≥ 50.00) was noted in 27 (36.00%, overall), 44 (58.67%, personal), 34 (45.3%, work related), and 15 (20.00%, patient related) ATs. Participants with 4 ACEs had higher overall burnout (67.11 ± 19.89; F6,68 = 2.59, P = .03) than those with 0 (40.53 ± 17.12, P = .04), 1 (38.42 ± 20.99, P = .04), or 7 (19.08 ± 12.09, P = .03) ACEs. The same pattern existed with personal burnout, as participants with 4 ACEs (76.67 ± 17.33) had higher scores (F6,68 = 3.40, P = .00) than those with 0 (46.60 ± 17.49, P = .02), 1 (42.78 ± 21.48, P = .01), or 7 (27.08 ± 20.62, P = .03) ACEs. No other differences were observed. Between 20.00% and 58.67% of ATs surveyed reported some form of burnout. Higher levels of overall and personal burnout were found in those with 4 ACEs. Although we expected to see lower levels of burnout in those with fewer ACEs, it was surprising that those with 7 ACEs had some of the lowest CBI scores. Athletic trainers with childhood trauma may find it beneficial to engage in self-regulation exercises to reduce or limit triggers and burnout. Additionally, employers should explore developing trauma-informed workplaces to better support employees.

A National Survey of Stress and Burnout in Critical Care Nurses: A Prepandemic Study.

Critical care nurses (CCNs) experience a higher level of stress and burnout than nurses in other specialties. Approximately 50% of CCNs are mildly stressed, and almost 20% are moderately stressed. Prolonged periods of stress can lead to burnout, which has been shown to have deleterious effects on quality and patient safety. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of burnout among a national sample of CCNs and the association with environmental factors. A national survey of CCNs working in the United States was implemented using an exploratory descriptive design. The anonymous survey was developed iteratively according to best practices of survey design. The survey included the Perceived Stress Scale and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory tool. Pretesting and pilot testing were conducted with CCN specialists, and the survey was revised based on their feedback. An anonymous link was distributed to respondents using convenience sampling through social media and further disseminated via snowball sampling. Two hundred seventy nurses responded to the survey. The mean (SD) Perceived Stress Scale score in the study population was 18.5 (6.4), indicating moderate stress. The mean (SD) Copenhagen Burnout Inventory score was 61.9 (16.5), indicating moderate burnout. Our study found that the overall health of the work environment was one of the most important factors associated with both stress and burnout. This study has demonstrated the relationship between the health of the work environment and burnout among CCNs. It is imperative that health care organizations evaluate and implement strategies to optimize the health of the work environment to mitigate burnout and its negative sequelae on the nurse, patient, and system.

Comparing the views of caseload midwives working with First Nations families in an all-risk, culturally responsive model with midwives working in standard caseload models, using a cross-sectional survey design

ProblemLittle is known about midwives’ views and wellbeing when working in an all-risk caseload model. BackgroundBetween March 2017 and December 2020 three maternity services in Victoria, Australia implemented culturally responsive caseload models for women having a First Nations baby. AimExplore the views, experiences and wellbeing of midwives working in an all-risk culturally responsive model for First Nations families compared to midwives in standard caseload models in the same services. MethodsA survey was sent to all midwives in the culturally responsive (CR) model six-months and two years after commencement (or on exit), and to standard caseload (SC) midwives two years after the culturally responsive model commenced. Measures used included the Midwifery Process Questionnaire and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). Findings35 caseload midwives (19 CR, 16 SC) participated. Both groups reported positive attitudes towards their professional role, trending towards higher median levels of satisfaction for the culturally responsive midwives. Midwives valued building close relationships with women and providing continuity of care. Around half reported difficulty maintaining work-life balance, however almost all preferred the flexible hours to shift work. All agreed that a reduced caseload is needed for an all-risk model and that supports around the model (e.g. nominated social workers, obstetricians) are important. Mean CBI scores showed no burnout in either group, with small numbers of individuals having burnout in both groups. Discussion and conclusionMidwives were highly satisfied working in both caseload models, but decreased caseloads and more organisational supports are needed in all-risk models.

Association of motor performance of children with cerebral palsy and burnout level of their informal caregivers in an African community.

The demands of caring for children with cerebral palsy (CWCP) may lead to burnout among the informal caregivers of these children. However, this subject area has not received significant research attention in Nigeria. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between burnout level of informal caregivers of CWCP and the motor performance of the CWCP. The association between burnout level of the informal caregivers and selected clinical variables of CWCP was also investigated. This is a descriptive study of 75 consecutively-sampled informal caregivers (34.76±8.7 years) of CWCP and an equal number of their CWCP. Burnout level of the caregivers and motor performance of the CWCP were assessed using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Gross Motor Function Classification System Family Questionnaire (GMFCSFQ) respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse results at alpha = 0.05. There was a statistically significant positive association between the CBI scores and the GMFCSFQ scores (p < 0.05). Age of the CWCP as well as type and topography of the cerebral palsy were not significantly associated with the caregivers' burnout level. Similarly, the age and sex of the caregivers had no statistically significant association with their burnout level (p > 0.05). Caregiving for children with lower motor performance is associated with higher burnout among caregivers. This may impact negatively on the overall health of the caregivers and the quality of care for the CWCP.

Mediation Effect of Musculoskeletal Pain on Burnout: Sex-Related Differences.

Burnout occurs when people are exposed to emotionally demanding work situations over an extended period, resulting in physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion. This study adopted the personal burnout (PB) and work-related burnout (WB) scales of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory to measure burnout levels. Musculoskeletal (MS) pain is one factor influencing burnout. Previous studies have demonstrated that male and female hormones may contribute to sex-related differences in MS pain. This was an observational and cross-sectional study conducted at a medical-university-affiliated hospital in Taichung, Taiwan, in 2021. Data were collected for demographic characteristics, family structure, living habits, occupation, physical health, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire score, and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory score. Of the 2531 questionnaires that were distributed, 1615 (63.81%) valid questionnaires remained after those with missing data were excluded. The results demonstrated neck and shoulder pain (NBSP) is commonly associated with burnout among healthcare workers, with a higher prevalence among women than among men. With confounders being controlled for, women were found to experience substantially higher levels of personal and work-related burnout than men did. NBSP is a mediating factor; therefore, it is a key reason why women are more likely than men to experience burnout.

Burnout among midwives and attitudes toward midwifery: A cross-sectional study from Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

INTRODUCTIONMidwifery services are a cornerstone of maternal care, but the mental health of midwives is at risk in many work settings. The aim of this study was to assess burnout and attitudes toward midwifery among midwives in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.METHODSA cross-sectional online survey among midwives was conducted from 16 October to 10 December 2017. Burnout was assessed using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI).RESULTSA total of 602 survey respondents were studied; 48.3%, 38.2%, and 23.3% of midwives reported moderate or high (CBI score ≥50) levels of personal burnout, work-related burnout, and client-related burnout, respectively. Midwives with moderate or high burnout in at least one CBI dimension worked more weekly hours, were more commonly employed, and worked more frequently in the hospital. In turn, midwives with low burnout levels worked fewer weekly hours, more commonly freelance, and more frequently community based (all p<0.001). Moderate or high burnout levels were associated with a reduced likelihood to recommend midwifery as a profession (OR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.23–0.49) and an increased likelihood to intent leaving the profession (OR=3.39; 95% CI: 2.0–5.9) in a multivariable regression adjusting for midwife characteristics and work practices.CONCLUSIONSBurnout symptoms were common among midwives. Burnout could be a health risk for midwives and a challenge to the profession by discouraging present and future midwives from practicing midwifery.

Occupational stress in clinical and non-clinical staff in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS): a cross-sectional study.

Previous literature has highlighted high rates of burnout among doctors and nurses in healthcare settings. Non-clinical and support staff such as administrative, housekeeping and managerial staff are also exposed to the stressors of a health care setting, but fewer studies report on their experiences. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine occupational stress in all staff working in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in Ireland and identify risk and protective factors. Fifty-nine clinical and non-clinical staff (44% response rate) were surveyed. Participants completed the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and the Effort Reward Imbalance scale, as well as survey-specific questions. Both clinical and non-clinical staff were found to experience moderate or high rates of work-related, personal and patient-related burnout (57.6%, 52.2% and 50.8%, respectively). Univariate general linear modelling showed an association between total CBI scores and effort reward index (B = 64 306, t = 3.430, p = 0.001); overcommitment (B = 1.963, t = 3.061, p = 0.003); and an unwillingness to work in CAMHS (B = 28.429, t = 3.247, p = 0.002). Pre-pandemic levels of stress were high among clinical and non-clinical staff surveyed. Given the anticipated increased demand on CAMHS post COVID-19, urgent action is needed to protect all staff from intolerable levels of occupational stress and burnout.

Burnout: exploring the differences between U.S. and international medical graduates

BackgroundInternational medical graduates (IMGs) have less burnout than U. S. medical school graduates (USMGs) during residency training. This study evaluates possible correlates of differences in burnout rates between USMGs and IMGs.MethodsWe surveyed 375 first-year residents at orientation in June/July 2017. We assessed burnout using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and used validated scales to measure stress, quality of life (QoL), mastery, and spirituality. We collected data on gender, place of graduation, language fluency, and specialty. We compared CBI scores between USMGs and IMGs, performed a multivariate linear regression analysis of relationships between covariates and CBI subscales, and logistic regression analysis for our categorical definition of burnout.ResultsTwo hundred twenty-two residents responded for a response rate of 59%. Personal, work or patient- related burnout was common among residents, particularly among USMGs. The most common form of burnout was work-related. Forty nine percent of USMGs have work burnout compared to 26% of IMGs (p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, being an IMG reduced odds of work-related and of total burnout by 50% (OR 0.5 C.I 0.25-0.99). Perceived mastery was associated with reductions in all subscales of burnout (p < 0.05). Stress and low QoL related to personal and work burnout scores (p < 0.01).ConclusionWork-related burnout is more common among USMGs than in IMGs. Although mastery, QoL and stress were correlates of burnout among all residents, these factors did not explain the difference. Future studies should evaluate the role of medical school structure and curriculum on differences in burnout rates between the two groups.

Factors Associated with Burnout Among Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery Fellows (FMIGS) in the Midst of COVID-19

Study ObjectiveTo assess burnout prevalence and associated factors among FMIGS fellows in the midst of COVID-19.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingOnline survey.Patients or ParticipantsFMIGS fellows, classes of 2021 and 2022.InterventionsAnonymous survey including the validated Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI).Measurements and Main Results100 FMIGS fellows were invited to participate in the study. Of the 58 fellows with complete CBI survey data, 78% were 30-34 years old, 72% were female, 50% were first year, and 50% were second year fellows.The mean CBI score was 39.0 (SD=14.6), indicating moderate burnout. 22.4% of fellows had scores over 50, indicating high burnout. Personal and work-related burnout were highest, with CBI scores of 47.6 (SD=17.0) and 44.8 (SD=17.8), respectively. Patient related burnout scores were the lowest, at 23.6 (SD=16.7).With respect to the COVID-19 pandemic, 76% reported a decrease in surgical volume, 43% were assigned to roles outside their typical scope, and 28% experienced inadequate access to personal protective equipment.Factors associated with burnout included career choice dissatisfaction (Beta=6.3, 95% CI [1.7-10.9], p=0.009), and absence of a positive and respectful work environment (Beta=6.4, 95% CI [1.6-11.1], p=0.01). Fellows who were somewhat satisfied with their career choice scored 12.6 points higher than those who were highly satisfied. Fellows whose work environment was almost never positive and respectful scored 19.1 points higher than those whose work environment was always positive and respectful.Only one third reported regular individual wellness behaviors: mindfulness (24%), exercise (36%), sleep (31%), recreation (28%); however, these factors were not associated with burnout.ConclusionIn the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, fellows had moderate to high personal and work-related burnout, while patient related burnout was low. Individual wellness behaviors were not associated with burnout, while the culture of the work environment was associated with burnout, highlighting the need to look beyond individual behavior in the fight against physician burnout.

Burnout amongst neurosurgical trainees in the UK and Ireland

IntroductionBurnout is becoming an increasingly recognised phenomenon within the medical profession. This study aims to investigate the presence of burnout amongst neurosurgical trainees in the UK and Ireland as well as investigating potential exacerbating and protective factors.MethodAn online survey was sent to all neurosurgical trainees in the UK and Ireland via the British Neurosurgical Trainees’ Association (BNTA) mailing list. Responding participants anonymously completed the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and answered questions about known risk factors for burnout including workplace environment, workplace bullying, time spent on leisure activities and sleep and reported likelihood of leaving neurosurgery. We also collated data on responders’ demographics. We compared CBI scores for participants with and without risk factors to determine correlation with CBI.ResultsThere were 75 respondents (response rate 42%) from a range of ages and all training grades, 72% of whom were male. The median CBI score was 38.85 (IQR 17.76). Participants showed a higher degree of personal and workplace burnout (median CBIs of 47.02, IQR 25.00; and 49.14, IQR 19.64, respectively) compared with patient-related burnout (median CBI 18.67, IQR 25.00). Participants with the following self-reported risk factors were significantly more likely to have higher CBIs: workplace bullying (p = 0.01), getting on less well with colleagues (p < 0.05), working longer hours (p < 0.05) and insufficient sleep, exercise and leisure time (all p < 0.01). Those with higher CBI scores were more likely to consider leaving neurosurgical training (p = 0.01).ConclusionWe identified a high burnout incidence in a cohort representative of UK neurosurgical trainees, although our results may have been skewed somewhat by selection bias. We determined potential risk factors for burnout related to specific workplace stressors and time for non-work activities. In the future, changes to training curricula should address these issues, aiming to improve training, enhance patient care and reduce attrition rates.

Work-related burnout among personnel at a university hospital: identifying quantitative and qualitative differences using latent class analysis

Background Burnout among hospital personnel is frequent and has impacts on the quality of care. Monitoring is important, but there is a lack of specificity for individual patterns of burnout syndromes. Aims This study aimed to identify specific burnout profiles in a hospital setting. Method Using job satisfaction data from a survey of 4793 hospital personnel, we performed a latent class analysis on the work-related items of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). Total burnout score, job satisfaction and work-related variables were compared across classes. Results Five latent work-related burnout profiles were revealed, including a high-risk class (9.5% of participants) and two classes with similar total CBI scores: a high-fatigue class (6%), including young administrative personnel who reported less pleasure at work but a better work–life balance, and an emotional-exhaustion class (13.1%), including older healthcare personnel who were more satisfied at work and could use their skills appropriately. Finally, personnel in the high-risk class were younger healthcare professionals, reporting lower job satisfaction, poorer working conditions and less respect from their direct hierarchy. Conclusions The risk and type of burnout depended on personnel’s characteristics and their social and work environments. Tailored interventions should be used to address these different profiles.

Factors Associated with Burnout in Clinical Year Medical Students in Terengganu, Malaysia

Abstract&#x0D; &#x0D; Many studies have shown that burnout had a detrimental effect on the well-being of medical students. In medical students, the prevalence of burnout increased as the year progressed. The Objective of the study was to determine the predictors for burnout in clinical year medical students. There were 120 clinical year medical students selected for this study using stratified random sampling. Students’ demographics, academic data, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and USM emotional intelligence Inventory (USMEQ-i) in Google Forms were distributed using WhatsApp application. Data include entry CGPA and whether they made the correct decision to do medicine and ever thought of dropping out. The response was in the form of ‘Yes/No’. Burnout was categorised into significant and non-significant burnout based on the mean CBI score. Each factor was categorized into two categories was analysed using Chi-Square test. Further analysis was done using multiple logistic regression. There were 105 students responded. The percentage of students categorised as having significant burnout was 41.0% (95% CI 31.5; 50.1). Incorrect decision to do medicine, ever thought of dropping out and lower emotional intelligence were significant predictors for burnout with odd ratio of 6.06, 3.06 and 3.24 respectively. As a conclusion, correct decision to do medicine and emotional intelligence were important predictors for burnout in clinical year medical students. They may be considered as important factors to be looked into during student selection interview.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Burnout, medical students, emotional intelligence&#x0D;

Multiple Physical Symptoms Are Useful to Identify High Risk Individuals for Burnout: A Study on Faculties and Hospital Workers in Japan.

Healthcare workers have a high risk of burnout. This study aimed to investigate if the numbers of physical symptoms are associated with burnout among healthcare workers. We conducted a cross-sectional survey at a large university in Tokyo, Japan, in 2016. Participants were 1080: 525 faculties and 555 hospital workers. We investigated 16 physical symptoms perceived more than once per week and examined the association between the number of physical symptoms and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI); work-related (WBO), personal (PBO), and client-related (CBO) burnout. All CBI scores were higher among hospital workers than among faculties: WBO (43 vs. 29), PBO (50 vs. 33), CBO (33 vs. 29). Moreover, the higher the number of physical symptoms perceived, the higher the degree of burnout scores became (trend p-values < 0.001), except for CBO among faculties. Job strain (all except for CBO among hospital workers) and work–family conflict were associated with an increased risk of burnout. Being married (WBO and CBO among faculties), having a child (except for PBO and CBO among faculties), and job support (faculty and hospital workers with WBO and faculties with PBO) were associated with a decreased risk of burnout. Multiple physical symptoms might be useful for identifying high risk individuals for burnout.

Burnout, Mental Health, and Quality of Life Among Employees of a Malaysian Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study

Burnout and mental health issues are common among healthcare workers. Burnout and mental ill-health may also adversely affect quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout, mental ill-health, and QOL among employees of Hospital Bentong in Pahang state, Malaysia. This was a 2-week, cross-sectional online survey for Hospital Bentong employees. It consisted of (i) sociodemographic data, (ii) respondents' perceptions, (iii) Malay-version Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), (iv) 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS-21), and (v) WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument. In total, 52.4% of hospital employees (N = 251) participated in the study. The burnout rates were 17.5% (personal burnout), 13.9% (work burnout), and 6.0% (client burnout). The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 18.7, 38.6, and 12.0%, respectively. In multivariate regression analysis, personal burnout was associated with Malay ethnicity [odds ratio (OR) = 4.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41-18.17], management and professional position (OR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.34-11.29), and having financial problem (OR = 3.29, 95% CI = 1.53-7.06). Work burnout was associated with management and professional position (OR = 7.26, 95% CI = 1.84-28.59), having problem with colleagues (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.08-7.50), and having financial problem (OR = 4.41, 95% CI = 1.82-10.72), while age (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00-1.25) and male gender (OR = 7.14, 95% CI = 2.00-25.55) were significant factors for client burnout. There were moderate-to-strong correlations between CBI, DASS-21, and WHOQOL-BREF scores (P values <0.01). In mediation analysis, mental ill-health was shown to have significant mediating effect in the relationship between burnout and poor QOL. Such findings need to be replicated across different hospital settings. Studies on effectiveness strategies to manage identified issues will be required.