Cool-down Research Articles

Investigating the Effect of Coil Length, Alignment Errors and Cooling Down on a Superconducting Magnet With Active Shielding for Rotating Gantry

Investigating the Effect of Coil Length, Alignment Errors and Cooling Down on a Superconducting Magnet With Active Shielding for Rotating Gantry

Validation of the conceptual framework and intervention scope of oral function rehabilitation exercise.

This study used a Delphi survey to define the concept of oral function rehabilitation exercise (OFRE) based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and to categorise intervention domains for community-dwelling older adults. While numerous studies have been conducted to improve oral function through exercise interventions, the conceptual definition of oral exercise remains unclear and there is a lack of systematic categorisation of oral exercise intervention domains. A preliminary model was developed based on the key findings of 19 papers selected from a prior systematic review. Its validity was confirmed through a Delphi survey conducted twice with eight expert panellists. Consensus was achieved by evaluating the validity of the OFRE conceptual framework, the accuracy of OFRE conceptual definitions, and intervention domains. Through expert consensus, an ICF-based OFRE conceptual framework was developed that includes 21 factors that affect the oral health status of the older adults. The OFRE intervention domain for improving the health status consisted of oral function rehabilitation warm-up exercise, masticatory function exercise, swallowing function exercise, articulatory function exercise, salivary function exercise, and oral function rehabilitation cool-down exercise, and 11 specific intervention methods were derived. The OFRE intervention can be used for planning and applying successful interventions to improve oral function and life function of older adults.

Development of Choco Dates Chocolates

Abstract: Layers of Rich Chocolate Contrasted with the Nutrient Rich Goodness of Dates Experience the unique blend of flavors as whole dates are delicately roasted, seeds removed with a small cut, and filled with luscious creamy rasmalai chocolate. Each piece is then generously coated in melted dark chocolate. Surprisingly, you only need 5 ingredients to craft these delectable treats, and they're not just delicious they're vegan and gluten free too. What sets these date chocolates apart is the protein-laden sweetness inherent in dates, enhancing the overall flavor profile. Elevate your taste experience with this health conscious and satisfying chocolate creation. A chocolate flavored with whole date was prepared by using white 32% and dark compound 20% and 45% of dates and 1.76 g of essence. The chocolates were prepared with natural dates sweetness. Both chocolates are melted (white compound at 42-45°C)and (dark compound at 50- 55°C) mixed with a essence for 2 min, and Cooling Down at room temperature for 2 min for settle down, then filling and cover the dates with fusion chocolates and Choco dates Chocolates is prepared.[Ahmed M. Hamad et al.,1987]

A Study of Characteristics of Musculoskeletal Injury in Female Elite Junior Golfers

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the group differences in musculoskeletal injury and rehabilitation and physical exercise according to the level of handicap for female elite amateur golfers.METHODS We sampled 191 female golfers (mean age 17.61, SD=1.50) and examined individual and golf-specific characteristics, and medical history. Subgroups with different handicaps (<0, 0–3, 4-6, 7-9, >10) were compared using one-way analysis of variance and frequency analysis tests.RESULTS In the sub-group divided by handicap level, there were significant differences between the groups in terms of career, scoring average, and greens in regulation, and in the injury-related questions, they responded in the order of muscle pain, blisters, and ligament rupture. The response rate for the body parts of injury was high in the order of wrist, lower back, and shoulder, and statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of fracture and shoulder, hand, and lower back. In the questionnaire on warm-up, stretching and practice swing showed significant differences between groups, and cool-down exercise showed significant differences only in practice swing. Finally, Fitness training time showed a significant difference between groups.CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the purpose of this study is to provide data for understanding golf injury and prevention of injury, and the results of this study can help inform further research on preventing injuries in golfers' most frequent injury areas and further establishing injury prevention management strategies.

The Effect of Vocal Warm up and Cool Down Exercises on the Acoustic Characteristics in Speech and Language Pathologists: A Pilot Study

Background and Objectives: This cross-sectional study aims to explore the effect of vocal warm-up and cool-down exercises (VWCE) on the acoustic characteristics of speech and language pathologists (SLPs). Methods: This pilot study was conducted on 18 SLPs. The participants received VWCE for 6 weeks, 3 times per week, every other day. The acoustic characteristics, including jitter, shimmer, and harmonic to noise rat (HNR) were outcome measures. All outcome variables were measured before the exercise program (T0), after the end of the 9th session (T1), and after the end of the 18th session (T2). Results: A significant decrease was observed in jitter after the VWCE at T1 and T2. The shimmer showed significant decreases in T2 compared to T0 (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in shimmer in T1 compared to T0 and T2. The HNR indicated a significant increase at T2 compared to T0 and T1 (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in HNR in T1 compared to T0. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrated that vocal warm-up and cool-down exercises significantly improved the acoustic characteristics in SLPs.

Proactive auto-scaling technique for web applications in container-based edge computing using federated learning model

Edge computing has emerged as an attractive alternative to traditional cloud computing by utilizing processing, network, and storage resources close to end devices, such as Internet of Things (IoT) sensors. Edge computing is still in its infancy, and resource provisioning and service scheduling remain research concerns. Kubernetes is a container orchestration tool in distributed environments. Proactive auto-scaling techniques in Kubernetes improve utilization by allocating resources based on future workload prediction. However, prediction models run on central cloud nodes, necessitating data transfer between edge and cloud nodes, which increases latency and response time. We present FedAvg-BiGRU, a proactive auto-scaling method in edge computing based on FedAvg and multi-step prediction by a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU). FedAvg is a technique for training machine learning models in a Federated Learning (FL) model. FL reduces network traffic by exchanging only model updates rather than raw data, relieving learning models of the need to store data on a centralized cloud server. In addition, a technique for determining the number of Kubernetes pods based on the Cool Down Time (CDT) concept has been developed, preventing contradictory scaling actions. To our knowledge, our work is the first to employ FL for proactive auto-scaling in cloud and edge computing. The results demonstrate that the FedAvg-BiGRU method has a slightly higher prediction error than the load centralized processing mode, although this difference is not statistically significant. At the same time, it reduces the amount of data transmission between the edge nodes and the cloud server.

Vocal Fatigue Experiences and Mitigation Strategies in the Sacred Harp Singing Community

Sacred Harp singers sing at a high volume for sustained periods of time without collective warm-up or cool-down exercises, ostensibly putting them at elevated risk for vocal fatigue (VF) and associated vocal pathologies. Participants are also likely to lack formal vocal training. The purpose of this study was to (1) assess singers' experiences with VF, (2) document singers' strategies for mitigating VF, and (3) determine whether vocal training was associated with decreased vocal difficulties. Self-reporting via online questionnaire containing quantitative and qualitative items. This study employed an online questionnaire that combined demographic items, open-ended questions, and the Evaluation of the Ability to Sing Easily (EASE). Participants were recruited at one in-person event and via social media and a mailing list. This study returned 134 valid responses. Singers with formal choral experience scored lower on the EASE and two subscales, but length of experience had no impact. There were no correlations between vocal training and EASE scores. Women scored higher on the EASE than men and nonbinary individuals, while age, length of experience with Sacred Harp singing, and frequency of attendance at annual singing events were all negatively correlated with EASE score. Singers reported a wide range of mitigation strategies, most of which are unique to the Sacred Harp context. Sacred Harp singers do not appear to struggle more with VF than other populations of singers. However, a few characteristics of their practice put them at risk, and many singers would benefit from professional guidance concerning vocal health.

Comparing the Effects of Aqua- and Land-Based Active Cooldown Exercises on Muscle Soreness and Sport Performance: A Randomized Crossover Study

Objective: Limited research has directly compared the effectiveness of aqua- and land-based exercises for postexercise recovery. This study aimed to fill this gap by comparing the effects of these 2 types of exercises on postexercise recovery. Methods: Sixteen male college athletes participated in an 8-day experimental study. The initial 2 days were dedicated to determining the intensity levels for the muscle-damaging exercise and recovery jogging. In a crossover design, participants underwent 2 sets of experimental trials. They were randomly assigned to either an aqua or land recovery intervention for days 3 to 5, and after a 1-week washout period they switched to the opposite intervention for days 6 to 8. Muscle soreness, creatine kinase, anaerobic performance, countermovement-jump height, and flexibility were assessed at different time points: baseline, immediately after downhill running, within 1 hour after jogging, and 24 hours and 48 hours after aqua or land jogging. Results: Significant group × time interaction effects were detected in the perceived soreness of the hamstring and quadriceps. However, the post hoc analysis showed no significant difference between aqua and land jogging groups. No significant group × time interaction effect was observed in creatine kinase, anaerobic performance, countermovement-jump height, or flexibility. Conclusion: Aqua and land jogging have similar recovery effects on muscle soreness and performance-based parameters.

Vocal Cool-Down In Voice Training: Method and Technical Considerations

Abstract In addition to the artistic aspect of professional voice performance, the sportive aspect is also important. The voices of professional voice actors, who are considered just like an athlete, should be strong, flexible and durable against long-term use. Also called vocal athletes, voice performers need processes such as muscle and skill development, voice warm up and cool down as in the applications expressed as periodization in sports medicine. Vocal training should aim to prepare the student for the stage not only with its artistic aspect but also with its sportive aspect. In the vocal training process, it is important to raise the awareness of the students from the very beginning of the education and to make the sportive discipline a behavior in the name of sustainable professional vocal use. It is unacceptable for a professional athlete to do some warm-up and cool-down movements with random movements or ignorance. The same is true for seeking vocal exercises for the singer.
 Exercise programs structured on a physiological basis both give predictable results, and the singer knows what to do and can ensure the performance. The most important components of the conscious training program that creates vocal periodization are vocal warming-up and cooling-down. Contrary to vocal warm-up exercises, studies on vocal cool-down are not sufficient both in the literature and in vocal training. It is an important necessity to apply vocal cool-down exercises in the same routine for the tissue recovery and to return to the speaking tone after the performance and to achieve tissue recovery under appropriate conditions. Vocal cool-down exercises are basically based on stretching and slowing down. In addition to metabolic effects such as blood flow changes, decreasing the muscle tonus, and removal of metabolites from the tissue; physiological effects such as providing a comfortable low larynx position and relaxation are targeted. Vocal cool-down techniques include semi-occluded vocal tract exercises, descending arpeggios, formant maneuvers, yawn&sigh, and chewing approach. In this study, the literature on vocal cool-down exercises has been reviewed, and ideal cool-down conditions and exercises have been presented in parallel with sports physiology.
 Keywords: Voice Training, Vocal Warm-up Exercises, Vocal Cool-down Exercises, Voice Health, Vocal Performance

Efficacy of MCIMT with Auditory Cueing in order to Augment Functional Motor Recovery of Chronic Hemiparetic Arm

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of functional impairments globally, often resulting in long-term disability and a substantial impact on individuals, families, and caregivers. Learned nonuse, a phenomenon where motor deficits persist after a stroke due to central nervous system suppression, is a significant challenge in stroke rehabilitation. Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a well-established neurorehabilitation approach based on behavioural training, which includes repetitive task-specific training, behavioural techniques, and constraining the use of the more affected upper extremity. CIMT has been successful in improving functionality in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients, promoting cortical reorganization and neural plasticity.
 Method: This study involved 60 stroke survivors aged 20 or older, selected purposively and meeting specific criteria. Participants underwent an 8-week Modified CIMT (M-CIMT) program with auditory cueing for the hemiparetic upper limb. Data collection included pre-test and post-test assessments using the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and the Motor Activity Log (MAL) to evaluate functional activity. The M-CIMT program comprised warm-up sessions, M-CIMT protocols, and cool-down exercises, conducted five days a week.
 Results: Following participation in the M-CIMT program, significant improvements were observed in WMFT and MAL scores. The mean pre-test score of 46.60 seconds decreased to a mean post-test score of 16.85 seconds, with highly significant t-values of 14.292 and -51.356 and a p-value of 0.0, indicating a strong correlation between the two datasets. The analysis revealed that M-CIMT effectively enhanced upper extremity function in chronic stroke patients.
 Conclusion: This study highlights the effectiveness of the Modified CIMT protocol, emphasizing repeated use and a distributed practice schedule, in reducing upper-limb impairment and improving upper-limb use and function in chronic stroke patients. The significant improvement in post-test scores underscores the promise of M-CIMT as a valuable approach for upper extremity rehabilitation following chronic stroke, offering hope for enhanced recovery and improved quality of life for affected individuals.
 Keywords: Stroke; Rehabilitation; Upper Extremity; Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy; Motor Activity

Investigation of the Effect of High-Intensity Training on Mineral and Thyroid Hormone Metabolism of Athletes

ABSTRACTIt is observed that there are physiological changes in the organism as a result of long-term training, but the mineral and hormonal effects of regular and submaximal exercises have not been fully revealed. This study was conducted to determine the effect of eight-week high-intensity training on mineral and thyroid hormone metabolism of badminton athletes. The research group consisted of 24 volunteer male athletes licensed in the badminton branch. Considering the badminton competition period, an eight-week, ninety-minute training program was applied to the research group, three days a week. Within the scope of the training, 10-15 minutes of warm-up time, 50-60 minutes of badminton training and studies to improve basic motoric features, and 5-10 minutes of cool-down exercises were made at the end of the training. Blood samples were taken from the athletes in the research group twice, before the start of the training program and at the end of the training. In the blood samples taken as a result of the training, the athletes; thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4), sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, levels were determined. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS 22 package program and the significance was accepted as p0.05. As a result of the research, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the thyroid hormone metabolism, TSH and T3 pre-post test values of the athletes (p0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between the T4 values and the pre-post test values (p0.05). When the mineral levels of the athletes were evaluated as a result of the training, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the Sodium, Potassium and Magnesium pre-post-test levels (p0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in the calcium pre-post-test level (p0.05). As a result, it was observed that eight-week high-intensity training caused changes on the mineral and thyroid hormone metabolism of the athletes. In this context if the trainings to be applied are designed considering these physiological changes, it will positively affect the performance of the athlete.Keywords: Badminton, Mineral Metabolism, Thyroid Hormones, Training

동적 상지운동을 동반한 호흡운동이 COVID-19 20대 여성 확진자의 폐 기능과 호흡근 근력에 미치는 영향

Purpose: This study aimed to examine how breathing exercise accompanied by dynamic upper extremity exercise affects pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in females in their 20s who were confirmed to have COVID-19. Methods: This study included female students in their 20s who passed 3-5 weeks after being diagnosed with COVID-19. The subjects were assigned to experimental and control groups according to the participation period. The experimental group performed 10 min of warm-up and cool-down exercise and 30 min of diaphragmatic breathing exercise accompanied by dynamic upper extremity exercise three times per week for 4 weeks. Pulmonary function (forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume at one second) and respiratory muscle strength (maximal expiratory pressure and maximal inspiratory pressure) were assessed using a spirometer. Cough capacity (peak expiratory flow) was assessed using a peak flow meter. Data analysis was performed using independent and paired t-tests. Results: No significant increase in pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength was observed in both groups. However, the experimental group showed a significant increase in cough capacity and grip strength (p<.05). Conclusion: Breathing exercise accompanied by dynamic upper extremity exercise may be effective in improving cough capacity and grip strength in females in their 20s with confirmed COVID-19.

(048) Management of Sexual Dysfunction: Can Color Scheme in Areas of Intimacy be a Possible Management Intervention?

Abstract Introduction There are several psychological factors that can affect sexual dysfunction, such as stress, anxiety, or depression. Evaluating color schemes in areas of intimacy may be one of the potential ways to address the psychological issues contributing to the sexual dysfunction. That is, suggesting to those with sexual dysfunction an evaluation of the color scheme in their usual area of intimacy should be considered. Further, understanding the effect of color on sexual dysfunction may be important when couples decorate their bedrooms as it can allow couples to understand which colors to avoid and which colors to incorporate in this process. Objectives To review the role of color in psychological wellness. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted on Google Scholar to examine data on the role of color and psychological health. Results There were scant data that explored the role of color in the scientific literature. Further, although none of the research specifically linked color to sexual performance, there were scant data suggesting color may have an indirect impact through improving psychological wellness. Data from two specific studies, one done in Japan and the other in Switzerland did report that both suicide and aggressive behavior were impacted by color. In Tokyo, Japan, in response to the escalating suicide rates, an initiative was undertaken to situate blue LED lamps in about 71 Tokyo train stations. The installation of blue lights was nothing new in Japan and, in fact, blue lights had been installed in the streets in order to reduce crime rates. With the installation of these blue lights there was reported an 84% decrease in suicides. A Swiss study, conducted in a prison, sought to evaluate which colors decreased aggression amongst inmates, specifically male inmates. In order to do so, certain Swiss prisons were painted in a pink color in order to target inmates’ “masculinity.” There was a specific shade of pink from this study which was deemed to be the most effective and it was named ‘Cool Down Pink.’ The methods used to quantify inmate aggression were blood pressure and physical observations. By using the color pink, these Swiss prisons were able to decrease aggression amongst their inmates. Conclusions Based on limited research, it appears that color may have a psychological impact on an individual. Although no studies have addressed color and sexual wellness, if psychological wellness is improved, it follows that sexual dysfunction may also improve. The color blue from the Tokyo study infers that this color may reduce depression or even stress and allow for a calm feeling in the mind. When taking sexual dysfunction into account, it follows that if couples incorporate more blue into their areas of intimacy, that sexual function may improve though decreasing anxiety, stress, or depression. Color in areas of intimacy is an area that should be furthered explored, as bedroom color may positively impact sexual function. Disclosure

Effects of Yang-style Tai Chi on body composition and heart rate variability during COVID-19 pandemic among Chinese college students: A preliminary study

Background: COVID-19 restrictions have further reduced college students’ opportunities for physical activity (PA), and problems related to physical and physiological health of college students have become increasingly serious. Studying the effect of Tai Chi (TC) on body composition and heart rate variability can provide insights into the potential benefits of TC as a form of exercise. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 6-week 24-forms Yang-style Tai Chi (YTC) on body composition and heart rate variability (HRV) among college students. Materials and methods: This single-arm, single-blind, pilot study enrolled 6 beginners from 25 individuals. Body composition and HRV were assessed at the beginning and end of the YTC exercise intervention. The intervention was performed twice a week for 6 weeks, each session lasting 45 minutes and consisting of warming-up, practice, and cooling-down exercises during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: After 6-week TC exercise, BMI (21.00±2.61 to 21.20±2.62 kg/m2) barely changed (p>0.05), while body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate showed a significant change (p<0.05). In addition, the high frequency (6.68±0.40 to 7.05±0.50 nu) of heart rate variability had a positive significant increase (p<0.05). Conclusion: The 6-week TC practice had the benefit of improving HRV, such as high-frequency (HF), in college students, but further research is needed to identify the long-term effects of TC on body composition and HRV during the COVID-19 epidemic.

User Experience of Augmented Reality Glasses-based Tele-Exercise in Elderly Women.

The purpose of this study was to identify any difference in user experience between tablet- and augmented reality (AR) glasses-based tele-exercise programs in elderly women. Participants in the AR group (n = 14) connected Nreal glasses with smartphones to display a pre-recorded exercise program, while each member of the tablet group (n = 13) participated in the same exercise program using an all-in-one personal computer. The program included sitting or standing on a chair, bare-handed calisthenics, and muscle strengthening using an elastic band. The exercise movements were presented first for the upper and then the lower extremities, and the total exercise time was 40 minutes (5 minutes of warm-up exercises, 30 minutes of main exercises, and 5 minutes of cool-down exercises). To evaluate the user experience, a questionnaire consisting of a 7-point Likert scale was used as a measurement tool. In addition, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to assess differences between the two groups. Of the six user experience scales, attractiveness (p = 0.114), stimulation (p = 0.534), and novelty (p = 0.916) did not differ significantly between the groups. However, efficiency (p = 0.006), perspicuity (p = 0.008), and dependability (p = 0.049) did vary significantly between groups. When developing an AR glasses-based exercise program for the elderly, the efficiency, clarity, and stability of the program must be considered to meet the participants' needs.

Aerobics approach in Teaching Social Dance

Study purpose.The aim of this study was to find out the performance, acceptability and effectiveness of teaching social dance using an aerobics approach among students. Materials and methods. In this study, quantitative research with a descriptive-evaluative and experimental research design (ERD) was used to determine the level of dance of cha-cha and samba social dances by two groups of participants (control and experimental groups). The researcher used a total enumeration of fourth-year and third-year students taking the Bachelor in Secondary Education major in MAPEH, using traditional and aerobics approaches. The aerobics approach was used to teach the experimental group, which included nonstop disco music in cha-cha-cha and samba as well as warm-up and cool-down exercises. The same social dance was taught to the control group, which used the traditional method of counting 8 sets of beats: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Both the traditional and aerobic approaches were taught for 40 minutes each. Results. The findings reveal significant differences in dance performance, acceptability, and effectiveness between the control group using a traditional approach and the experimental group using an aerobics approach. Conclusions. Aerobics is recommended in teaching social dance to facilitate better learning because it allows students to learn at their own pace and according to their own interests and needs.

Performance of Two-phase Closed Loop Thermosyphon in Cooling Down of Compact Superconducting Magnet

Performance of Two-phase Closed Loop Thermosyphon in Cooling Down of Compact Superconducting Magnet

Mint3 as a Potential Target for Cooling Down HIF-1α-Mediated Inflammation and Cancer Aggressiveness.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in cells adapting to a low-oxygen environment by facilitating a switch from oxygen-dependent ATP production to glycolysis. Mediated by membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) expression, Munc-18-1 interacting protein 3 (Mint3) binds to the factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) and inhibits its suppressive effect, leading to HIF-1α activation. Defects in Mint3 generally lead to improved acute inflammation, which is regulated by HIF-1α and subsequent glycolysis, as well as the suppression of the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells directly through its expression in cancer cells and indirectly through its expression in macrophages or fibroblasts associated with cancer. Mint3 in inflammatory monocytes enhances the chemotaxis into metastatic sites and the production of vascular endothelial growth factors, which leads to the expression of E-selectin at the metastatic sites and the extravasation of cancer cells. Fibroblasts express L1 cell adhesion molecules in a Mint3-dependent manner and enhance integrin-mediated cancer progression. In pancreatic cancer cells, Mint3 directly promotes cancer progression. Naphthofluorescein, a Mint3 inhibitor, can disrupt the interaction between FIH-1 and Mint3 and potently suppress Mint3-mediated inflammation, cancer progression, and metastasis without causing marked adverse effects. In this review, we will introduce the potential of Mint3 as a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancers.

Effect of Circuit Training on Fatigue in Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Post-COVID Survivors

Background: The patient recovered from Coronavirus infection and developed post-Coronavirus complications. Coronavirus will cause a month-long period of clinical symptoms, including fatigue, post-exercise discomfort, and breathlessness. A post-COVID-19 syndrome is a name given to this disorder. Fatigue is the main persistent symptom after covid infection. Aims: To study the effect of circuit training on fatigue in pulmonary rehabilitation in post-covid survivors. Methods and Material: forty subjects post-covid survivors between the age group of 20-50 years, were selected for the study. They were bounded in a single group. The pre and post-treatment outcome measure was the fatigue assessment scale, borg scale, and 6-minute walk distance test used. The circuit training program was given to the subject which included warm-up exercises, specific exercises, strengthening exercises, and cool-down exercises for four weeks. Statistical analysis used: Statistical analysis was done by using INSTAT software, version 3.06 with paired t test. Results: In a conducted study, Fatigue assessment score, Borg score, and 6 min walk distance test showed statistically significant difference between pre- and post-treatment values. Conclusions: This study concludes that circuit training program had significantly improved clinically and statistically fatigue in post-covid survivors. KEYWORDS: Circuit Training Program, Fatigue, Post-Covid Survivors, Pulmonary Rehabilitation.

Effects of Cool Down on Muscle Blood Flow after High-Intensity Exercise: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Effects of Cool Down on Muscle Blood Flow after High-Intensity Exercise: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study