Convert Vibration Energy Research Articles

Fundamental study on the difference between materials and vibration conditions in piezoelectric vibration power generation using electromechanical coupling phenomena

Conventionally, vibration energy and sound energy are emitted as noise and vibration. We have proposed a system that converts the vibration of the plate into energy. In this study, a circular plate of constant thickness, on which a piezoelectric element was installed, was adopted as the host structure of an energy-harvesting system. The plate was supported at its elastic end, which was intermediate between simple and clamped supports, and was subjected to a harmonic point force. The piezoelectric performance of the system was highly dependent on the vibration characteristics of the plate. Regarded as one of the representative vibrational characteristics, the natural frequency of the plate was affected by the materials, excitation positions, and vibration modes of the plate. Therefore, the plate materials varied the natural frequency, thus affecting the conversion of vibration energy into electrical energy through the piezoelectric effect. In this study, we investigated plates made of selected materials commonly used in industry and tested different excitation conditions. As the result, we clarified that the proposed system is almost unaffected by the material of the plates, and it was shown to be useful.

Interfacial droplet-based triboelectric nanogenerator with optimized architecture for highly efficient vibrational energy conversion

Interfacial droplet-based triboelectric nanogenerator with optimized architecture for highly efficient vibrational energy conversion

Self‐Sustained Artificial Internet of Things Based on Vibration Energy Harvesting Technology: Toward the Future Eco‐Society

Clean energy has emerged as the focal point of global energy and power development. With the advancement of 5G technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), the demand for sustainable energy supply has become more pressing, leading to widespread attention to vibration energy harvesting technology. This technology enables the conversion of vibrational energy from natural phenomena such as ocean waves and wind, as well as machinery operation and human activities, into electrical energy, thus supporting the expansion of self‐sustained IoT systems. This review provides an overview of the progress in vibration energy harvesting technology and discusses the integration of this technology with self‐powered sensors and artificial intelligence. These integrations are reflected in the enhanced accuracy of environmental monitoring, increased efficiency in intelligent transportation and industrial production, and improved quality of life through intelligent healthcare and smart home. Such applications demonstrate the significant potential of self‐sustained artificial IoT in promoting environmental sustainability and elevating the level of intelligent living. In summary, exploring and applying vibration energy harvesting technology to support the autonomous operation of IoT devices is key to building a more sustainable, intelligent, and interconnected world.

Improved energy harvesting by enhanced nonlinearities: New phenomena and experimental demonstration

This paper investigates a nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting system that enhances conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy by integrating piezoelectric materials with a nonlinear system. The research simplifies a flexible beam with macro fiber composite (MFC) piezoelectric patches using a lumped-parameter approach and derives the dynamic equations of the system using the Lagrange equations. The incremental harmonic balance method (IHBM) is then employed to solve these equations, simulating the nonlinear dynamics involved in the harvested voltage. Key findings include the initial discovery of multiple voltage islands which are voltage jumps that improve energy conversion efficiency, confirmed by experimental data validating the IHBM simulations. The study reveals that these phenomena are due to the enhanced nonlinearities of the system, particularly the geometric nonlinearity caused by the spring k1 and the nonlinear magnetic force between magnets. Adjusting k1 allows the observation of multiple voltage islands, and increasing d0 results in a broad-frequency constant voltage, offering new insights. The research concludes that the nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester can effectively convert vibration energy into electrical one, as demonstrated by successfully powering multiple light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Bifurcation diagrams illustrate the adaptability of the system, showing transitions among periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic states for different parameters.

Miniaturized and High Volumetric Energy Density Power Supply Device Based on a Broad-Frequency Vibration Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

The widespread vibration is one of the most promising energy sources for IoT and small sensors, and broad-frequency vibration energy harvesting is important. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can convert vibration energy into electrical energy through triboelectricity and electrostatic induction, providing an effective solution to the collection of broad-frequency vibration energy. Also, the power supply in constrained and compact spaces has been a long-standing challenge. Here, a miniaturized power supply (MPS) based on a broad-frequency vibration-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is developed. The size of the MPS is 38 mm × 26 mm × 20 mm, which can adapt to most space-limited environments. The TENG device is optimized through theoretical mechanical modeling for the external stimuli, it can efficiently harvest vibrational energy in the frequency range of 1-100 Hz and has a high output power density of 134.11 W/cm3. The developed device demonstrates its practical application potential in powering small electronics like LEDs, watches, and timers.

Microanatomy of the human tunnel of Corti structures and cochlear partition-tonotopic variations and transcellular signaling.

Auditory sensitivity and frequency resolution depend on the optimal transfer of sound-induced vibrations from the basilar membrane (BM) to the inner hair cells (IHCs), the principal auditory receptors. There remains a paucity of information on how this is accomplished along the frequency range in the human cochlea. Most of the current knowledge is derived either from animal experiments or human tissue processed after death, offering limited structural preservation and optical resolution. In our study, we analyzed the cytoarchitecture of the human cochlear partition at different frequency locations using high-resolution microscopy of uniquely preserved normal human tissue. The results may have clinical implications and increase our understanding of how frequency-dependent acoustic vibrations are carried to human IHCs. A 1-micron-thick plastic-embedded section (mid-modiolar) from a normal human cochlea uniquely preserved at lateral skull base surgery was analyzed using light and transmission electron microscopy (LM, TEM). Frequency locations were estimated using synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging (SR-PCI). Archival human tissue prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) were also used and compared in this study. Microscopy demonstrated great variations in the dimension and architecture of the human cochlear partition along the frequency range. Pillar cell geometry was closely regulated and depended on the reticular lamina slope and tympanic lip angle. A type II collagen-expressing lamina extended medially from the tympanic lip under the inner sulcus, here named "accessory basilar membrane." It was linked to the tympanic lip and inner pillar foot, and it may contribute to the overall compliance of the cochlear partition. Based on the findings, we speculate on the remarkable microanatomic inflections and geometric relationships which relay different sound-induced vibrations to the IHCs, including their relevance for the evolution of human speech reception and electric stimulation with auditory implants. The inner pillar transcellular microtubule/actin system's role of directly converting vibration energy to the IHC cuticular plate and ciliary bundle is highlighted.

Overview of piezoelectric energy harvester based on wind-induced vibration effect

In the field of new environmental energy harvesting technology, wind energy and piezoelectric energy harvesting have become research hotspots. By utilizing wind energy into vibration energy, i.e., wind-induced vibration effect is a research hotspot in the field of environmental energy harvesting. This article comprehensively analyzes the research status and development trend of piezoelectric energy harvesters based on wind-induced vibration effects at home and abroad. It was found that the conversion process of wind energy to vibration energy is mainly based on flutter, galloping, and acoustic resonance. The conversion of vibration energy into electrical energy is mainly piezoelectric power generation, supplemented by magnetic induction power generation and friction power generation. For high power density and small volume application scenarios, resonant cavity type wind vibration energy collection is the main development trend.

Design of piezoelectric nanogenerator based onBiFeO3/epoxy resin with potential application for wearable electronic devices

AbstractGrowing demand for electric energy in newly developed electronic systems causes increasing interest in research on piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs). Design and fabrication of such devices is challenging, considering cost of materials used in their construction. This is the main reason why intensive research has begun on 0‐3 composites with piezoelectric properties. One of the most promising constituent materials for composites fabrication are polymers, due to their low cost and easy processing. Herein, we present fabricated wearable PENG with good impact and vibration energy conversion properties. Correlation between matrix stiffness and piezoelectric properties of 0‐3 type composite is proposed. It was found that composite with 10 wt.% of BiFeO3particles exhibits power output density for vibrations, finger tapping, and air stream pressureP = 11.12 nW cm−3,P = 4.83 μW cm−3, andP = 769.2 μW cm−3, respectively. Decrease in stiffness of epoxy matrix results at least in two‐times lower power output density for this same PENG. The obtained results demonstrate that the fabricated BFO/epoxy composites show the wide applicability and potential to be integrated with other functional devices, for example, as a part of wearable devices in smart shoes.

Dynamic analysis of an electro-hydraulic interconnected actuator energy regeneration suspension

A hydraulic interconnected suspension with energy recovery (EHA-HIS) is proposed to enhance riding comfort and road-holding ability while converting vibration energy into usable electrical energy. This paper mainly focuses on the dynamic analysis of a vehicle suspension model integrated with the EHA-HIS. The mathematical model of EHA-HIS is established based on the system structure analysis. The characteristics of the EHA-HIS are given based on a parameter analysis including the input and structural parameters under a sinusoidal excitation. Thereafter, vehicles equipped with the EHA-HIS and traditional suspensions are compared in terms of dynamic performance, and the simulation is implemented to study the energy harvesting performance of a vehicle with the EHA-HIS. The simulation results suggest that the damping force and harvested power are proportional to the frequency and amplitude of the sinusoidal input. The simulation also shows that the piston diameter has the greatest influence on the characteristics of the EHA-HIS. The analysis indicates that EHA-HIS can recover vibration energy while improving vehicle dynamic performance, and the harvestable power increases with the road grade and vehicle speed.

Frequency‐tunable resonant hybrid vibration energy harvester using a piezoelectric cantilever with electret‐based electrostatic coupling

AbstractHybrid vibration energy harvesting technology converts vibration energy into electricity using multiple transduction mechanisms to improve output power. A frequency‐tunable resonant hybrid vibration energy harvester using a piezoelectric cantilever with electret‐based electrostatic coupling is proposed in this article. The electrostatic coupling including electrostatic force coupling and electrical damping coupling is introduced by an electret film placed below the cantilever, where the electrostatic force acting on the cantilever realises a tunable resonant frequency and additional electrical damping boosts power output. A coupling electromechanical model is derived using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and Kirchhoff's law. By investigating the static and dynamic stability of cantilever, the maximum electret surface potential is defined to prevent the pull‐in phenomenon. The damping of the device is evaluated, and the optimal electret surface potential is determined to obtain the matching of the electrical and mechanical damping for maximum power output. The resonant frequency of hybrid vibration energy harvester can be adjusted in range of 176.1 rad/s by changing the electret surface potential and resistive load. The experimental output power of hybrid vibration energy harvester was 5.2 μW, 27.4 times higher than that of the individual piezoelectric generator. The proposed hybrid vibration energy harvester exhibits a promising potential to power microelectronic devices and wireless sensor network node.

Dynamics and energy harvesting performance of a nonlinear arc-cylinder type dielectric elastomer oscillator under unidirectional harmonic excitations

To harvest vibration energy, a nonlinear arc-cylinder type dielectric elastomer oscillator (ADEO), which has greater advantages than the VI DEG in vibration environments, is proposed. We first study the dynamic behaviors and the energy harvesting (EH) performance of the ADEO subjected to unidirectional harmonic excitations. The energy harvester, which consists of a hollow arc cylinder, two pairs of straight cylindrical frames, two dielectric elastomer membranes (DEMs) and an inner free moving ball, can convert vibration energy into electricity. The dynamic and electrical analysis models of the ADEO system are developed under the unidirectional harmonic excitation. Two impact models are verified by experimental results and are compared with each other, and the instantaneous impact model with computational efficiency and accuracy is selected. The rich dynamic behaviors of the ADEO system under diverse parameters, including the excitation amplitude and frequency, the tilt angle, the impact angle and the radius of the curvilinear motion of the ball, are fully investigated through two kinds of bifurcation diagrams and 3-D frequency spectrums. The effects of these parameters on the system EH performance are also studied. The research results show that the system EH performance can be enhanced by appropriately adjusting these parameters. This work can not only help guide the design and optimization of the ADEO system under the unidirectional vibration, but also lay the foundation for the design and optimization of the system in the bidirectional vibration environment.

Design and Development of a Broadband Vibration Energy Harvester Suitable for Tractor Exhaust Cylinder Vibration

A large amount of vibration energy exists in the working environment of tractors. Therefore, the use of vibration energy harvesting technology to convert the vibration energy into electrical energy is a feasible way to supply power to low-power sensor equipment in agricultural machinery. Aiming at the problem in which the internal sensors of traditional tractors require built-in batteries or overlapping cables, this work proposes a broadband piezoelectric vibration energy harvester that could harvest the vibration energy from the tractor exhaust cylinder when the tractor is working. The vibration energy can be converted into electrical energy to power the air pressure sensor device. This experimental investigation shows that the energy harvester is composed of a folded piezoelectric energy harvester and a multi-source input synchronous electronic charge extraction circuit.The circuit has a high power density of 12,398 μW/(mm3·g2). Hence, it can convert vibration energy into a wide frequency range between 90-140 Hz and cause the air pressure sensor to operate.

Vibration Energy Conversion Power Supply Based on the Piezoelectric Thin Film Planar Array.

Vibration energy harvesting has received much attention as a new type of power solution for low-power micro/nano-devices. However, VEH (vibration energy harvester) based on PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric materials have a low output power and energy conversation efficiency due to the relatively low piezoelectric constant, coupling coefficient, and dielectric constant. For this reason, we design a vibration energy conversion power supply, which consists of a VEH with a PVDF piezoelectric thin film planar array vibration structure and an energy harvesting circuit for regulating the electric energy of multiple sources. Furthermore, our solution was validated by simulations of structural dynamics in COMSOL and equivalent circuits model in Multisim. From the circuitry simulation results, the output current and the charging period increase and decrease, doubling, respectively, for each doubling of the number of array groups of films. Moreover, the solid mechanics simulation results show that the planar array structure makes the phase and amplitude of the input vibration waves as consistent as possible so that the same theoretical enhancement effect of the circuitry model is achieved. An identical experimental test was implemented with vibration conditions of 75 Hz-2.198 g. The fabricated harvester quickly charged the 22 V-0.022 F ultracapacitor bank to 5 V in 24 min. The maximum open circuit voltage and output power, respectively, were 10.4 V and 0.304 mW. This maximum charging power was 11.69 times higher than that of a single film. This special power supply can replace batteries to power low-power electronics deployed in vibrating environments, thus reducing the maintenance costs of equipment and environmental pollution rates.

Ambient energy harvesting from colored multiplicative noise

The present study examines the effect of multiplicative Gaussian noise on the conversion of vibration energy into electrical energy. Nonlinear oscillators are considered in the present model. The results demonstrate that similar to additive noise case, the harvesting of the vibration energy to electricity could be good if the voltage can closely track the advancement of the amplitude of the oscillator. Another observation is that the power of the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) goes through a maximum as with inverse of noise correlation time. Further, the position of the maxima in power generation occurs for higher noise correlation time due to the space dependency associated with the multiplicative Gaussian noise. Along with these, we have investigated how the power generation is dependent on the environment, properties of the oscillating systems and the piezoelectric dynamics.

An electromagnetic rotary-translational motion energy harvester enabled by magnetic-regulated magnetic sphere

This paper describes an electromagnetic energy harvester that uses a rotary-translational magnetic regulation system to convert vibration energy into electrical power. The system consists of a springless magnetic sphere multiple rolling in a cavity and multiple magnetic disks evenly embedded in the cavity. Multiple magnetic disks are arranged with alternating magnetic pole shifts, with the goal of modulating the traditional erratic rolling of the magnetic sphere into a multi-circle regular movement with the change of the magnetic disk’s magnetic pole. Faraday’s law is used to create electromotive forces in coils due to the rotating magnetic moment. The output voltages are measured and analyzed using motion and rotation excitation, parallel, and series coil connections. Experiments on the magnetic sphere with and without magnetic regulation are carried out using a manufactured apparatus. The magnetic sphere with magnetic regulation has periodic and regular output characteristics, according to the results of the experiments. A prototype electromagnetic energy harvester can charge a 0.47 F capacitor to more than 0.40 V in less than 450 s under rotating excitation. The device's energy and effective average power are calculated to be 10.62 J and 23.60 mW. • Random motion in any orientation can be transformed into a multi-circle rotational motion. • The sphere in roll motion with the magnetic disks' regulating system has been used to harvest ambient vibration. • It is the appropriate choice for the rotation energy harvesting, which gets rid of the limited degrees of freedom.

Numerical calculation and experimental investigation on optimization of bouncing ball triboelectric nanogenerator

Improving the energy-conversion efficiency of triboelectric nanogenerators remains a challenge. The aim of this study is to provide an optimization scheme for a bouncing ball triboelectric nanogenerator (BB-TENG) to efficiently convert vibration energy into electrical energy. In this study, an equivalent electrical model of a BB-TENG was established, and the charge density σ, contact area S, and dielectric layer thickness δ were found to be the main parameters affecting the electrical performance in this model. Furthermore, numerical calculations and experimental investigations were performed to optimize the structure of the BB-TENG. Through optimization, the maximum power density of the BB-TENG increased by 56.0% compared to the original design, the maximum average voltage increased by 61.8%, and the amount of transferred charge increased by 78.6%.

Design and theoretical investigation of a torsional bistable triboelectric nanogenerator

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been proven to be a high-efficiency device for converting vibration energy into electrical energy. However, the conventional TENG is unable to harvest energy from torsional vibration. To solve this issue, a torsional bistable triboelectric nanogenerator (TBTENG) is proposed. The essential part of the TBTENG is the S-shaped compliant beam, which enables bistability during torsional vibration. Firstly, the stiffness expression of the S-shaped beams is derived using the energy method, and verified by the finite element analysis (FEA). Then, the mechanical and electrical responses of the TBTENG are obtained by solving the equation of motion, and the unidirectional coupled electromechanical equation, respectively. The numerical simulations of the circuit model are also carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK to validate the theoretical predictions. The effects of system parameters of the TBTENG on both the dynamic responses and electrical outputs are investigated. Finally, the experiment on the prototype of the TBTENG is conducted to verify the design concept. The results show that the novel bistable structure can drive the system to oscillate with large amplitude, which enables the TBTENG to effectively harvest energy from low-frequency torsional vibration. The peak power reaches the maximum value of 0.7 mW at 4 Hz. Moreover, the bandwidth of harvesting energy from low-frequency torsional vibration can be effectively broadened by enhancing the bistability.

An annular tubular wearable piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid vibration energy harvester driven by multi magnetic beads

Wearable devices are widely applied because of the rapid development of semiconductor devices and integrated circuit technology. People hoped to enhance their senses through various wearable devices. However, the application is currently limited by the operating time of electrochemical batteries. This paper presents an annular tubular wearable piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid vibration energy harvester driven by multi magnetic beads for harvesting energy from the arm swing motion. The structure consists of a piezoelectric beam, magnetic beads and a set of coils. Specifically, piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) converts vibration energy into electrical energy by using a new macro-fiber composite (MFC). Magnetic beads and coils form an electromagnetic energy harvester (EMEH).Two energy harvesting units are coupled by magnetic beads. The magnetic beads can not only induce the coil to generate electrical energy, but also excite the piezoelectric beam. Two conversion mechanisms extract energy simultaneously through one excitation.Experimental results show that the device can harvest the vibration energy generated by human activity under different types of human motion, such as slow walking, fast walking and running. The integration between PEH and EMEH not only extends the operating bandwidth, but also makes it easy for ultra-low frequency energy harvesting. The prototype harvester that could power a number of portable electronic devices shows great potential.

Wideband vibration isolation and energy harvesting based on a coupled piezoelectric-electromagnetic structure

This paper proposes a dual-purpose coupled piezoelectric-electromagnetic structure (DCPES) for wideband vibration isolation and energy harvesting. It includes two piezoelectric elements and one electromagnetic element, which are used to harvest energy from low-level and low-frequency vibrations and isolate some undesired vibrations. These two combinations result in low resonant frequencies and available nonlinearity. The electromagnetic element mutually complements with piezoelectric elements, and has positive stiffness and hard nonlinearity to damp vibrations with an isolated mass platform. The corresponding dynamic model of the DCPES is established, and the response displacement and output voltage are predicted numerically. In addition, the effects of excitation amplitude, the magnetic constant of the magnet, geometric parameters of the piezoelectric beam, and equivalent mass of the mass platform on displacement transmissibility and output response are explored. More importantly, experimental tests are performed to verify the design and numerical analysis. It is found that the DCPES can efficiently convert vibration energy into electrical energy in a wide frequency range of 5–13 Hz, and successfully dampens oscillations in the frequency range above 13 Hz (the displacement transmissibility is less than 1). The peak output power of the electromagnetic element is up to 15.2 mW, and the total peak output power of two piezoelectric elements reaches 4.6 mW under the excitation amplitude of 0.8 g (g = 9.8 m/s2). Case studies of parameters show that simultaneous wider bandwidth, higher output response, and vibration isolation can be achieved by changing the parameters of the DCPES.

Vibration Energy Regeneration System Using Piezoelectric Sensor for Wideband Application

This paper presents a method for widening bandwidth by using non-uniform mass which use the concept of center of gravity. Piezoelectric acts as a tool to convert vibration energy to electrical energy. The displacement from the liquid movement plays a role to enhance the bandwidth as the beam bends. The bandwidth is widened 2 times higher compared without tip mass and 1.6 times increased than that of solid tip-mass. High viscosity and density will give a greater effect on the bandwidth at low volume compared to low properties of fluid. Rectangular container can resist the tension of liquid due to high viscosity and volume. The fluid-filled mass technique widened the bandwidth without reducing the harvested power.