In the present work, the effect of the basicity at the lower range from 0.98 to 2.13 on dephosphorization of hot metal at 1623 K was studied through high-temperature laboratorial experiments. With the increase of the basicity from 0.98 to 2.13, the P and C contents in hot metal rapidly decrease and increase at first, and then gradually decrease and increase, respectively. From the scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, with the increase of the basicity, the phase containing the high P content changes from the matrix phase into the phosphorus (P)-rich phase. Under the present experimental conditions, the P-rich phase can only be precipitated from the liquid slag when the basicity is higher than 1.55, which is a benefit to the dephosphorization. As the Raman intensity of the P-O-Ca structure unit in the P-rich phase is significantly higher than that of the P-O-Si structure unit, most of the phosphorus in the P-rich phase exists in the P-O-Ca structure unit and a small amount of phosphorus exists in the P-O-Si structure unit. With the increase of the basicity of the dephosphorization slag, the activity coefficient of P2O5, γ(P2O5) , in the liquid phase decreases, while the basicity in the liquid phase increases.