Background. Comorbid disorders in epilepsy are an urgent problem in modern epileptology. In clinical practice, specialists encounter various psychopathological disorders in patients with epilepsy, among which anxiety and depressive states are especially common. No less significant are conversion (dissociative) disorders. These violations seem difficult to resolve due to the presence of a complex of factors leading to their development. Objective. The aim is to study the prevalence of affective and conversion disorders and their treatment methods in patients with epilepsy. Materials and methods. The analysis of scientific studies on the relationship between epilepsy, affective and conversion disorders and their treatment methods has been carried out. Results. Despite the wide diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities, 25-30% of patients do not achieve seizure control with the help of pharmaco therapy. In 60-80% of patients, seizures persiston the background of antiepileptic therapy (PET). It is known that 60% of patients with persistent seizures have affective disorders. Depressive symptoms occupy a leading place and occur in 7.6-41.4% of patients, and with pharmacoresistance – up to 86%. Also, patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy (PE) have conversion (dissociative) disorders, manifested in the form of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNEP). However, patients with PNEP have "pseudo pharmacoresistance" – patients are prescribed PET, which does not have the desired effecton PNEP, worsening the clinical prognosis. Up to 40% of patients admitted to clinics with a diagnosis of "pharmacoresistant epilepsy" have a combination of epileptic seizures and NEP. Conclusion. When choosing PET, you should considernotonly the types of seizures, but also the concomitant mental disorders. Anticonvulsant drugs with anormothymic effect, for example, lacosamide, are the most preferred for affective and conversion disorders. This drug has a wide range of effects in epileptic seizures and has a pronounced normothymic effect.

Neuroimaging evidence of structural and network disruptions in adolescents with conversion disorder with seizures.

Psychological heterogeneity in functional neurological disorders: A systematic review of studies exploring psychopathological sub-types.

ABSTRACT Background: Dissociative conversion disorders involve problems with memory, identity, emotion, perception, behavior, and sense of self. Dissociative symptoms can potentially disrupt psychological, social, and daily life functioning. It is clinically important to evaluate the presence of comorbidities and other characteristics in dissociative disorders which can help in better patient management. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the clinical characteristics comprising of symptoms, comorbid personality patterns, insight, emotional perception toward their family, and attachment style among patients suffering from dissociative conversion disorder who are attending psychiatry outdoor of a government hospital. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients were selected from the psychiatry outpatient department diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision and the scales (Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule, Beck Insight Inventory, Personality Disorder Questionnaire-4, Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale, and Adult Attachment Scale) were administered. Results: Majority of the dissociative patients were found to have somatic complaints and major depressive episodes. In terms of comorbid personality pattern, borderline personality disorder has been found to be the prominent one. Majority of the patients have reported high perceived criticism from their family members, loved ones along with high anxious and avoidant attachment styles. Conclusion: The findings indicate that patients with dissociative conversion disorder need to be interviewed clinically in terms of the comorbidity and underlying psychopathology which will be helpful in the treatment planning. The understanding of the underlying psychological processes will also be helpful for the management in terms of psychotherapy.

Objective: To see the frequency of different psychiatric diseases in our setup. Methodology: A retrospective study is conducted in our private setup from 01-01-2024 to 31-12-2024 to see the frequency of psychiatric patients admissions. The data is categorized on the basis of OPD. Results; The following results were obtained; Conversion Disorders (9) Schizophrenia (37) Substance use disorder (SUD) (60) Bipolar disorder (28) Attention Deficit / hyperactivity syndrome (ADHA) (10) Autism (8) Intellectual Disability (ID) (4) Conclusion: There might be few reasons for disagreement from interna-tional figures e.g. Poverty in Pakistan Lack of knowledge about psychotic diseases Financial crises Early discharge of patients who have not recovered yet Family issues Keywords: Conversion Disorders , Schizophrenia , substance use disorder (SUD), Bipolar disorder, Attention Deficit / hyperactivity syndrome (ADHA), Autism, Intellectual Disability

The research topic titled “Conversion disorder and treatment approaches amongst indigenous peoples of Eyumojock sub division in Cameroon” was duly carried out following the general objective stated as; To examine conversion disorder and treatment approaches amongst indigenous peoples of Eyumojock sub division in Cameroon. As a qualitative study, the case study research design was retained with snowballing and purposive sampling methods which retained 4 participants. Interviews were carried out to collect data and content analysis to analyse data. Results showed that participants employed traditional approaches, psychotherapy, physical therapy, counselling, and distraction as treatment for sensory and motor symptoms of conversion disorder. Patients who undertook traditional therapies such as employment of herbs focused on physical relief was not adequate for trauma relief and enabled such patients encounter many conversion disorder episodes with longer duration than those who integrated psychotherapy, physical therapy, counselling and distraction. Also, the type of symptoms and manifestations displayed by patients during conversion episodes influenced treatment approaches patients employed according to the available resources and competences healers or health practitioners disposed. As a recommendation, patients should go through a comprehensive treatment of conversion disorder including psychological treatment approaches most especially such as cognitive behaviour therapy and psychoanalytic therapy to transform the ideas behind the lost object enacting trauma in patients harmless.

PurposeConversion Disorder (CD) is a complex neuropsychiatric condition in which stress-related biological changes are thought to play a role. The present study sought to assess oxidative imbalance and inflammation in patients with conversion disorder by examining thiol/disulfide homeostasis and CRP levels as potential biomarkers.Patients and MethodsNinety-six patients diagnosed with Conversion Disorder according to DSM-5 criteria and ninety-six age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Psychiatric symptom severity was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Native thiol (SH), total thiol, disulphide levels, and ratios were measured spectrophotometrically. CRP levels were determined by immunoturbidimetry. Mann–Whitney U-test was applied as appropriate. Effect size calculations were performed and a post-hoc observed power analysis was conducted.ResultsNative thiol and total thiol levels were significantly lower in CD patients compared with controls whereas disulphide levels and disulphide/thiol ratios were significantly higher (all p < 0.001). Effect sizes were large (Native thiol: d = 0.97), and post-hoc power was adequate (>0.95). No differences were observed in demographic parameters between groups. CRP levels were elevated in the CD group (2.61 ± 0.276 vs 1.34 ± 0.227 mg/L, p<0.001).ConclusionOur findings indicate that patients with Conversion Disorder may show oxidative imbalance together with elevated CRP levels, supporting the notion that redox and inflammatory pathways could be involved in the disorder’s pathophysiology. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis and CRP might therefore represent peripheral biomarkers of interest, although the cross-sectional, single-center design and the restricted set of biomarkers assessed call for cautious interpretation of these results. This is the first study to concurrently evaluate TDH and CRP in CD.

The paper reports the case of an 11-year-old boy with sudden onset of stocking-like anaesthesia and inability to walk, without objective neurological or systemic abnormalities. Laboratory and imaging studies were unremarkable. Following a suggestive discussion about a planned diagnostic procedure, symptoms resolved spontaneously with complete motor recovery. A subsequent child neuropsychiatric evaluation confirmed a diagnosis of conversion disorder and identified a psychological trigger. This case highlights the importance of considering somatoform disorders in the differential diagnosis of acute neurological deficits in children.

ABSTRACT Caste is one of the most obnoxious absences within our field’s solar system. A graphic example of Freudian hysterical blindness, as MurzBan Jal (2023) proclaims, which aggravates the field’s epistemicidal nature as well as its scholarship and research. This article examines the persistence of caste as a graded system that precedes the Empire, and the nefarious implications of its undergirded logic – the Hindutva rationale. Moreover, the essay highlights the significant contribution of Dalit and Anti-caste intellectuals working from and within what Santos (2014) calls the ‘epistemologies from the South’ to eradicate ‘casted’ societies. The paper examines and counters inaccurate impulses that conflate ‘caste’ with ‘class’ and ‘race’ that constitute a spitting image of the coloniality of whiteness and the ‘monumentality’ of Eurocentric white reason. Furthermore, the article calls for a commitment to a critical caste curriculum theory through an itinerant curriculum theory to help disestablish the field’s original sin: eugenics.

BackgroundTikTok became an increasingly popular platform for mental health discussions during a major global stressor (COVID-19 pandemic). On TikTok, content assumed to promote user engagement is delivered in a hyperindividually curated manner through a proprietary algorithm. Mental health providers have raised concerns about TikTok’s potential role in promoting inaccurate self-diagnoses, pathologizing normal behaviors, and fostering new-onset symptoms after exposure to illness-related content, such as tic-like movements linked to conversion or factitious disorders. The accuracy of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)–related content with respect to conveying symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment deserves further investigation.ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize the accuracy of PTSD-related TikTok content.MethodsIn February 2022, a search was conducted on TikTok using the hashtag #PTSD, and the 100 most-liked videos were retrieved. Videos were excluded if they were in a non-English language, duplicated, unrelated to PTSD, lacked audio, or contained nonfunctioning links. A publicly available Python package (TikTokPy) was used to scrape available metadata (views, shares, etc). Using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials (PEMAT-AV), videos were independently coded by 2 reviewers for the overall accuracy of the video (useful, personal experience, or misleading), whether the creator self-identified as a health care professional, symptoms mentioned, and overall video understandability and actionability. A third reviewer was consulted in the rare instances of coding disagreements.ResultsOf the 100 included videos, 29 were classified as useful, 59 were classified as personal experience (subjective experience without outright inaccuracies), and 12 were classified as misleading. The degree to which PTSD-related information was accurate was not associated with its understandability, actionability, or user engagement. Besides useful videos being longer (mean 88.7, SD 63.1 seconds) than personal experience videos (mean 42.7, SD 44.5 seconds), no group differences in video metadata were observed across the number of views, likes, shares, or comments (P>.05). While self-identified HCPs were more likely to post useful content, they also contributed to 33% (4/12) of misleading videos. Changes in cognition and mood were the most frequently reported symptoms of PTSD (38/100, 38% of videos).ConclusionsOur findings were roughly consistent with previous studies of mental health–related TikTok content accuracy, although this is variable by diagnosis. TikTok’s continuously adaptive algorithmic content delivery may expose users to nonspecific and potentially misleading “click-bait” mental health information, which could influence symptom interpretation and clinical presentation. Clinicians should be aware of the digital landscape shaping patients’ perceptions of PTSD.

Diagnostic delays in schizophrenia with catatonic symptoms mimicking conversive disorder

Differentiating PNES from Epilepsy- a case report

Delayed diagnosis of Visual Snow Syndrome due to misdiagnosis as conversion disorder : a rare case report

Psychogenic voice disorder, often a manifestation of conversion disorder, is characterized by a sudden impairment of voice following a stressful event or other psychological cause. This case report presents a patient with a psychogenic voice disorder featuring the atypical ability to sing despite losing conversational voice. Few case reports exist on psychogenic speech and voice disorders, and no cases in the current literature examine the loss of conversational voice with preservation of singing voice. In this case, the patient experienced sudden onset stuttering which progressed to complete loss of voice in all settings while retaining the ability to sing. Despite extensive medical, psychiatric, and speech-language evaluations, including psychotherapy and speech therapy, the symptoms persisted, highlighting the diagnostic and treatment challenges in psychogenic voice disorders. This case underscores the complex interplay between psychological stressors and physical symptoms in psychogenic voice disorders, and highlights the lack of effective, evidence-based therapies for psychogenic voice disorders.

This article explores the neglected contributions of Jewish refugee psychoanalyst Barbara Lantos (1896–1962) to British psychological intellectual history. A pioneer in her field, Lantos examined the psychology of work and the interplay between physiological and psychological processes, particularly in conversion hysteria during menopause. Her work, influenced in part by Therese Benedek, enriched the British Psychoanalytical Society, where Jewish analysts fleeing the continent due to antisemitism helped redefine the discipline. Situating Lantos within the intellectual milieu of exiled psychoanalysts, this study underscores her resilience and the vital work of women analysts displaced by war in advancing psychoanalytic thought amid the disruptions and turmoil of the twentieth century.

Context: This systematic review explores the intersection between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Evidence Acquisition: This review examines the prevalence, risk factors, and diagnostic challenges of PNES in the context of mTBI, while also exploring potential underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Results: From the initial 1,354 studies, 7 were included in the final analysis. La France et al. reported a 44.6% prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in PNES, with 73% being mTBI (P &lt; 0.001). Mokleby et al. found that 83% of PNES patients had minor head trauma, significantly associated with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (P &lt; 0.01). Salinsky et al. highlighted a strong link between mTBI, PTSD, and PNES in veterans (P = 0.002). The studies consistently reported high psychiatric comorbidity rates, including major depression and conversion disorder (P &lt; 0.001). These findings emphasize the need for an integrated neurological and psychiatric approach to PNES in mTBI patients. Conclusions: The review concludes with an emphasis on the need for comprehensive care in managing PNES, especially considering the prominent role of psychiatric comorbidities. Future research directions include prospective studies, a focus on pediatric populations, and enhanced treatment strategies integrating neurological and psychiatric care.

ABSTRACT Tuberculoma is a known tuberculosis (TB) sequela that accounts for 5%–30% of all intracranial lesions. Patients having an organic cause but presenting with psychological symptoms can add difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of veiled medical illnesses. In the present report, we discuss the case of a child who presented with symptoms of conversion disorder but was later diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis with tuberculoma. A 15-year-old male child was brought to the psychiatric outpatient department with episodes of falls accompanied by unresponsiveness. He also had mild tremors in his hands. The falls were not associated with any injuries. The onset was associated with a stressor (death in the family). Episodes resolved dramatically when the patient was isolated. A diagnosis of conversion disorder was therefore considered. To investigate the cause of mild fever, a pediatrician’s opinion was sought. Computed tomography and cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed TB meningitis with intracranial tuberculoma. Medical conditions do masquerade as functional illnesses. Patients presenting with suspected conversion symptoms should be thoroughly examined for any unusual symptoms to prevent any delay in management.

Conversion disorder is becoming a more prevalent mental health issue among young individuals. To comprehend early traumas, coping mechanisms, self-defense mechanisms, and schemas, such instances require an in-depth study. An 18-year-old girl presented with seizures, loss of sensation, throat constriction, and extreme anger issues. Formal assessment using the Symptom Checklist (SCL-R) led to a diagnosis of Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (Conversion Disorder F44) based on DSM-5-TR criteria. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was implemented alongside parental counseling to address underlying schemas, trauma, and coping mechanisms. A total of 14 sessions were conducted, resulting in a 70% improvement. The case highlights the importance of strong parental support and a therapeutic alliance in effective treatment, reducing reliance on medication and risk of relapses.

To investigate causal beliefs pertaining to conversion disorder among clinical sample, caregivers and the general public. The cross-sectional, quantitative, mixed-sample study was conducted from January to December 2023 after approval from ethics review board of the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised patients diagnosed with conversion disorder in group A, their caregivers in group B, and members from the general community at large in group C. Data was collected using self-designed demographic information questionnaire and the Conversion Disorder Causal Belief Questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. Of the 300 subjects, 100(33.3%) were in group A with mean age 25.76±7.7 years, 100(33.3%) were in group B with mean age 43.22±11.4 years, and 100(33.3%) were in group C with mean age 32.42±12.02 years. Majority of the participants were females 215(72%), educated 276(92%) and working 281(94%). There were significant differences across all the groups in psychogenic, somatogenic, sociocultural, interpersonal and paranormal beliefs regarding conversion disorder. Group A had significantly higher levels of agreement on all domains (p<0.05) except for somatogenic myths compared to group B (p>0.05), and psychogenic facts compared to group C (p>0.05). Comparisons between groups B and C revealed significant differences in psychogenic facts, sociocultural facts and interpersonal myths (p<0.05). Causal beliefs about conversion disorder varied across clinical sample, their caregivers and the general public, where the clinical sample agreed more with both myths and facts about the cause of conversion disorder.

Background and Objective Insomnia is highly prevalent in psychiatric disorders, yet its patterns and predictors vary across diagnoses and cultural contexts. This study examined the prevalence and associations of insomnia in adult psychiatric patients in an outpatient setting.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 adult psychiatric patients at a tertiary hospital. Insomnia was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Sleep Disorders–Revised. Sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables were assessed, and logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of insomnia.Results The prevalence of insomnia was 44.2%, with the highest rates observed in trauma-and stressor-related disorders, followed by depressive disorders. Schizophrenia spectrum disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, and conversion disorder showed significantly lower odds of insomnia compared to depressive disorders. Key predictors of insomnia included lower educational level (0–5 years: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=5.60, p=0.015), low socioeconomic status (aOR=6.57, p=0.044), comorbid physical illness (aOR=3.81, p=0.005), and prolonged screen time (aOR=8.17, p&lt;0.001).Conclusions Insomnia affects nearly half of adult psychiatric patients, with considerable variation across diagnostic categories. These findings underscore the need for targeted sleep assessment and interventions within psychiatric services, especially in low resource settings.