Abstract In this paper, we establish a comprehensive characterization of the generalized Lipschitz classes through the study of the rate of convergence of a family of semi-discrete sampling operators, of Durrmeyer type, in $$L^p$$ L p -setting. To achieve this goal, we provide direct approximation results, which lead to quantitative estimates based on suitable K -functionals in Sobolev spaces and, consequently, on higher-order moduli of smoothness. Additionally, we introduce a further approach employing the celebrated Hardy-Littlewood maximal inequality to weaken the assumptions required on the kernel functions. These direct theorems are essential for obtaining qualitative approximation results in suitable Lipschitz and generalized Lipschitz classes, as they also provide conditions for studying the rate of convergence when functions belonging to Sobolev spaces are considered. The converse implication is, in general, delicate, and actually consists in addressing an inverse approximation problem allowing to deduce regularity properties of a function from a given rate of convergence. Thus, through both direct and inverse results, we establish the desired characterization of the considered Lipschitz classes based on the $$L^p$$ L p -convergence rate of Durrmeyer sampling operators. Finally, we provide remarkable applications of the theory, based on suitable combinations of kernels that satisfy the crucial Strang-Fix type condition used here allowing to both enhance the rate of convergence and to predict the signals.

On-demand customization of materials with tailored structures and properties is a long-standing goal in materials science. Yet conventional materials often exhibit complex configurations, hindering unified design principles and limiting performance optimization. Here, utilizing modular graphdiyne (GDY) as a configurable platform, we present a chemically guided molecular design framework to achieve atomic-level precision control over catalytic behaviors. By combining density functional theory (DFT) with experimental validation, we systematically introduced electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups to construct 13 organic molecular units, yielding modularly customizable GDYs with predetermined structures, enabling us to disentangle the interplay between structure and catalytic function. We identified a volcano-shaped correlation, linking the oxidation state of the active alkyne carbons to CO2 reduction (CO2RR) activity. Furthermore, we established that this oxidation state is directly correlated with intrinsic electronic descriptors, including work function, VBM, and Fermi level (Ef)─constructing a predictive framework. In particular, by precisely tuning the oxidation state of sp-hybridized carbons, we showed that GDYs can rationally optimize intermediate binding energies and effectively resolve the conventional trade-off between the CO2RR activity and HER suppression. This mechanistic approach enables systematic control of the CO/H2 ratio from 1:10 to 13:1. Notably, the fluorinated GDY (3FGDY) achieves a remarkable 93% CO Faradaic efficiency with sustained stability over 90 h. These findings establish a direct atomic-level structure-performance relationship and provide a robust proof-of-concept for modular materials design, with promising implications for syngas production and sustainable energy conversion.

In minimally invasive surgeries such as video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS), unexpected complications may necessitate conversion to thoracotomy. This study aimed to compare the rates, causes, and implications of conversion to thoracotomy between VATS and RATS. We retrospectively reviewed data from 1135 patients who underwent anatomical lung resection for primary lung cancer via VATS (n = 580) or RATS (n = 555) from 2011 to 2024. Conversion causes were categorized using the Vascular, Anatomy, Lymph node, Technical (VALT) system. Perioperative outcomes and independent predictors of conversion were analyzed via multivariate logistic regression. The overall conversion rate was significantly lower in the RATS group than in the VATS group (2.0% vs. 7.8%, p < 0.001). RATS was associated with fewer anatomical (0.9% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.010) and lymph node-related (0.2% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001), with no significant difference in vascular-related conversions (0.9% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.142). Multivariate analysis identified age ≥ 75year, clinical T2-4, and N1-2 stage as independent risk factors, while RATS use was protective. Emergency conversions were uncommon in both groups, whereas RATS appeared advantageous in technically demanding settings. RATS significantly reduces the risk of conversion, particularly in anatomically or nodally complex cases, without increasing vascular complications.

Ai-driven multilayer modeling of Tetra-Hybrid Casson nanofluid flow with thermal Radiation: Implications for solar energy and energy conversion

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) patients do not invariably progress to persistent AF, with a consistent group of patients showing AF regression during follow-up. The prognostic implications of spontaneous conversion (SCV) to sinus rhythm (SR) in those patients has never been evaluated yet. To evaluate the long-term prognostic impact of early SCV to SR in patients presenting with symptomatic, hemodynamically stable, PAF in the emergency department (ED). Consecutive patients with symptomatic, hemodynamically stable PAF were included. Patients discharged in SR and followed-up thereafter were stratified based on the occurrence of SCV within 6 h from ED admission. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to adjust for relevant baseline differences. The primary outcome was a composite of progression to permanent AF, progression to persistent AF, initiation of antiarrhythmic drugs, AF ablation and need for pharmacologic or electrical cardioversion. Secondary outcomes included AF episodes frequency and individual components of the composite outcome. Out of 158 patients, 52 experienced SCV while 106 required active cardioversion. After PSM, 52 matched pairs were analyzed. During a median follow-up of 17.0 months (IQR: 12.8-21.3 months), the primary composite outcome occurred significantly less frequently in the SCV group compared to the non-SCV group (21 vs. 41 events; log-rank p < 0.001). SCV was associated with a significant reduction of primary outcome occurrence (OR 0.361 [95% CI: 0.176; 0.739], p-value 0.005). The SCV group also exhibited a lower arrhythmic burden, with fewer AF episodes (median 1 [3] vs. 2 [4], p < 0.001) and reduced need for cardioversion (p = 0.008). The primary and secondary outcomes did not differ among SCV and non-SCV groups in the unmatched population. SCV in patients with PAF is associated with lower arrhythmic burden and reduced need for rhythm-control strategies at follow-up.

This study explores the temperature-dependent kinetics of reactions between aqueous Mn2+ ions and primary water radiolysis products, with emphasis on the transient behavior of short-lived manganese species. Rate constants for Mn2+ reactions with the hydrogen atom (H), hydroxyl radical (˙OH), and superoxide (O2˙-) were determined across a pH range of 1-6 and a temperature range of 1-60 °C. All reactions followed Arrhenius behavior, indicating consistent thermal activation across redox pathways. The findings enhance our understanding of manganese redox chemistry in radiation-influenced systems, with implications for catalysis, energy conversion, and reactor chemistry.

Engineered IFNγ-loaded exosomes reprogram macrophage polarization and suppress tumor cell proliferation in vitro.

The COVID-19 epidemic in recent years has been produced by various coronavirus strains that nearly destroyed world health policies and economics. Emerging viral strains exac-erbated the pandemic. Huge investments have been made in preventative vaccines to combat the disease, but the genetic instability of these viruses has hampered their usefulness. However, in addition to traditional therapeutic approaches, nutraceuticals have been considered effica-cious in preventing and or treating COVID-19 and post-COVID syndrome. In this context, nutraceuticals such as vitamins or dietary supplements including multiple vitamins and miner-als and propolis have been widely studied for their significant impact on viral respiratory dis-eases like SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Some of these nutraceuticals having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory properties have been highly recommended for use as an adjunct option to moderate the adverse effects associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we intend to present the recent understanding and converse scientific implications for the use of nutraceutical antioxidants such as vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and polyphenols like bee propolis, in the management of viral respiratory diseases and post-COVID-19 syn-drome. Future challenges and limitations regarding the use and bioavailability of these ingre-dients, and dose-response studies are further emphasized.

The conversion of agricultural land has significant legal implications for food security policies, as it can threaten the availability of productive land, which is the main source of national food production. This research aims to analyze the legal implications of the conversion of agricultural land on food security, linked to a comparison of laws in the Indonesian Omnibus Law and the Indian Land Acquisition Act from the perspective of business law. This research is a normative legal study using comparative, conceptual, historical, and legislative approaches. Legal implications related to the conversion of agricultural land have the potential to reduce the availability of productive land, which is the main source of national food production. In addition to imposing sanctions, strengthening consistent supervision and law enforcement, as well as implementing sustainable agricultural land protection policies, are essential to ensure optimal and sustainable food security. Regulating the conversion of agricultural land in Indonesia and India has the same goal, which is to maintain national food security amid development pressures. Both countries implement regulations for official permits, protection of productive land, as well as compensation and sanction mechanisms. Although facing similar challenges such as bureaucracy and weak oversight, the main difference lies in the legal approach and the firmness of enforcement. In general, both countries strive to balance development with land protection to maintain food security.

Fluid resuscitation after thermal injury is paramount to avoid burn shock and restore organ perfusion. Both over- and under-resuscitation can lead to unintended consequences affecting patient outcomes. While many studies have examined systemic effects, limited data exist on how fluid resuscitation impacts burn wound progression in the acute period. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying burn wound progression remain not fully understood. This study used a swine model to investigate how varying resuscitation levels affect peri-burn wound dynamics. Twenty-seven female Yorkshire pigs were anesthetized, subjected to 40% total body surface area burn and 15% hemorrhage, then randomized (n = 9) to receive decision-support-driven (adequate, 2-4 mL/kg/%TBSA), fluid-withholding (under, <1 mL/kg/%TBSA), or high-constant-rate (over, >>4 mL/kg/%TBSA) resuscitation. Pigs were monitored for 24 h in an intensive care setting prior to necropsy. Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) was conducted pre-burn and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h post burn to assess perfusion. Biopsies were taken from burn, peri-burn (within 2 cm), and normal skin. RNA was isolated at 24 h for the qRT-PCR analysis of IL-6, CXCL8, and IFN-γ. At hour 2, LDI revealed increased peri-burn perfusion in over-resuscitated animals vs. under-resuscitated animals (p = 0.0499). At hour 24, IL-6 (p = 0.0220) and IFN-γ (p = 0.0253) were elevated in over-resuscitated peri-burn skin. CXCL8 showed no significant change. TUNEL staining revealed increased apoptosis in over- and under-resuscitated peri-burn skin. Differences in perfusion and cytokine expression based on resuscitation strategy suggest that fluid levels may influence burn wound progression.

Electronic and Thermoelectric Properties of Molecular Junctions Incorporating Organometallic Complexes: Implications for Thermoelectric Energy Conversion

This work investigated the engineering and economic implication of converting simple cycle gas turbine power plants to combined cycle power plants using a gas turbine power plant in Rivers state as a case study. A gas turbine model which behaves like the real engine in the field was created and the performance parameters were estimated. Steam turbine plant operating on the superheat Rankine cycle fired by the exhaust gases of the gas turbine through a heat recovery steam generator was simulated and incorporated in the gas turbine cycle to form a combined cycle plant. Engineering and economic performance parameters such thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption (SFC), heat rate (HR), payback period, net present value (NPV) and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of the gas turbine plant and the simulated combined cycle plant were estimated. The economic parameters were estimated for project lifetime of 20 years, discount rate of 10% and electricity price of N75 per kWh. The thermal efficiencies of the gas turbine cycle steam turbine plant and the combined cycle plant are 33.66%, 27.42% and 50.20% respectively. The SFC and HR of the three systems are 0.0616 kgs-1/MW, 10,695 kJ/kWh; 0.1254 kgs-1/MW, 13127 kJ/kWh and 0.0413 kgs-1/MW, 7171kJ/kWh respectively. The payback, the NPV and the LCOE of the gas turbine plant are 5.32yrs, $25.87 million and N69.94 per kWh respectively. The respective values of the combined cycle plant are 4.36yrs, $63.80 million and N66.64. The study shows that it is possible to obtain additional power of over 49% the installed capacity from the existing simple cycle gas turbine power plants.

A Lie–Yamaguti algebra is equipped with bilinear and trilinear operations. In this paper, we introduce the concept of isoclinism in Lie–Yamaguti algebras. From the definition of isoclinism, it is clear that isomorphism implies isoclinism, however the reverse may not be true. Further, we define a factor set for Lie–Yamaguti algebras and discuss some of its properties. By examining the factor set, we establish a condition under which the converse implication holds true for these algebras. In particular, we show that the notions of isoclinism and isomorphism are equivalent for two finite-dimensional Lie–Yamaguti algebras of the same dimension.

Characterization and analysis of electrothermal, thermoelectric, and current discharge properties of alkali-activated materials: Implications for energy conversion

PurposeThis article aims to critically analyse and critique the impact of President Donald Trump’s second term on Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives in the United States of America and beyond. It aims to document the policy changes enacted under Trump, explore the resulting consequences for various sectors (government, higher education and private sectors) and assess the broader implications for social justice and global conversations around equity. The article also serves as a call to action, urging continued advocacy and resistance against the rollback of DEI progress.Design/methodology/approachThis viewpoint article offers a range of perspectives on the impact of the anti-DEI agenda from several DEI scholars who edit the journal. This critical approach draws from multiple sources of information to enrich and provide a more nuanced understanding on the impact of Trump’s policies on DEI.FindingsPresident Trump’s anti-DEI agenda had a profound and far-reaching impact on DEI efforts, creating a climate of fear, exacerbating existing inequalities, intensifying political polarization and having ramifications beyond the borders of the United States of America. The paper also highlights the indirect and unintended consequences, such as the chilling effect on private sector DEI initiatives and the rise of “shadow” DEI programs.Research limitations/implicationsThe article draws from secondary sources (news articles, policy documents and existing research). The authors’ scholarships on DEI and the Trump administration’s negative stance towards DEI might influence their perspectives and conclusions.Practical implicationsThe authors close with a strong call to action, encouraging continued advocacy and resistance to the erosion of DEI progress. This pragmatic approach moves beyond simple criticism and offers concrete steps for future action. They suggest that the current anti-DEI sentiment represents a temporary setback in the long-term progress towards equity and inclusion.Social implicationsPresident Trump’s anti-DEI policies have global implications, influencing policy and practice in other countries and impacting international conversations around fairness and equity.Originality/valueThe article provides a valuable record of the significant shift in DEI policy and practice under the second Trump administration. This account will be a crucial resource for future researchers studying this period and its impact. This critical analysis also provides valuable insights for both scholars and activists working to advance DEI.

This paper explores the phenomenon of possession (kesurupan) from multiple perspectives, including theological, psychological, and cultural viewpoints. The study highlights how possession is understood and interpreted differently across various traditions, particularly within Indonesian culture. It examines the relationship between possession and spiritual beliefs, addressing both the communal and individual dimensions of the experience. The paper also delves into the psychological implications of possession, analyzing how mental health professionals approach cases of possession in contrast to religious practitioners. From a theological perspective, it is often interpreted as a demonic phenomenon, while empirical studies generally categorize it as a form of dissociative experience. By synthesizing these diverse perspectives, the paper aims to provide a synthetic understanding of possession, offering insights into its complex nature and the various factors that contribute to its manifestation. The study concludes with reflections on the implications for conversation between religious and psychological perspectives for Christian ministry in Indonesia.

Let ? be a real-or complex-valued function that is measurable in Lebesgue?s sense on some interval (x0, ?), where x0 ? 0. It is known that the existence of ordinary limit of function ? implies the statistical limit of ? . However, the converse implication is not always true. In this study we introduce some Tauberian conditions in terms of the general control modulo of integer order r ? 1. Also we consider the Tauberian conditions of slow decrease and slow oscillation. Under these Tauberian conditions, we obtain the ordinary limit of a function from its statistical limit. The main results generalize some classical type Tauberian theorems given for statistical convergence.

The rise of unilateral religious conversions involving children in Malaysia has ignited significant legal and social controversies, especially concerning the jurisdictional tensions between Shariah and Civil courts. This study critically examines how the Federal Constitution, Islamic legal doctrines, and the ‘best interests of the child’ principle converge in determining a child’s religion following one parent’s conversion to Islam. Employing a doctrinal and comparative legal methodology, the paper analyses relevant state Islamic Family Law Enactments, pivotal court decisions, and statutory provisions such as Article 12(4) of the Federal Constitution. The study further explores the application of Maqasid al-Shariah and state fatwas in this context. Findings indicate that although Shariah courts traditionally assert the Muslim father’s wilayah (guardianship) over the child’s religious status, recent Federal Court rulings emphasise the necessity of consent from both parents for lawful conversion. The research highlights how ijtihad, grounded in maslahah (public interest) and dar’ al-mafsadah (prevention of harm), offers a critical pathway to harmonise Islamic jurisprudence with international child rights standards. Furthermore, administrative inconsistencies within the National Registration Department (JPN) are identified as potential threats to familial stability and child welfare. The study concludes by recommending legislative reforms and administrative guidelines consistent with the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the objectives of Maqasid al-Shariah, aiming to safeguard the rights and well-being of children amidst complex religious and legal landscapes.

In Northeast China, the establishment of irrigated paddy fields manifests on soil characterized as upland soils. However, the implications of soil conversion from upland soil to paddy soil for soil aggregates, soil organic carbon (SOC), and enzyme activity within soil aggregates remain poorly understood. Exploring the repercussions of soil conversion on SOC is paramount in delineating enhanced strategies for ameliorating soil structure and bolstering organic carbon sequestration within terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the impact of land use modifications on SOC content and enzyme activity within soil aggregates. In this study, paddy (rice field) and upland (maize field) plots were selected from Mollisols in Northeast China, which is characterized by akin soil type, level topography, and climatic conditions. The results indicated that microaggregates represented the predominant fraction in both land use types, ranging from 36.96% to 48.99%, with a notably higher proportion in paddy soil compared to upland soil. After 40 years of rice cultivation, a significant decrease of 9.90% and 2.97% was observed in mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter, respectively. In paddy soils, the SOC content in aggregates of varying sizes had the following order: macroaggregates (26.41 g kg−1) &lt; microaggregates (21.91 g kg−1) &lt; silt + clay (15.55 g kg−1) fractions. Similarly, in upland soil, the highest SOC content was found in macroaggregates, with the following sequence: macroaggregates (21.67 g kg−1) &lt; microaggregates (17.44 g kg−1) &lt; silt + clay (15.03 g kg−1) fractions. β-glucosidase (BG) displayed the highest enzyme activities, with average values of 95.99 nmol h−1 g−1 in paddy soil and 85.34 nmol h−1 g−1 in upland soil. Macroaggregate fractions exhibited the highest BG activity in both soil types (paddy: 112.49 nmol h−1 g−1, upland: 96.71 nmol h−1 g−1). In conclusion, the conversion from upland fields to paddy fields changes the occurrence mechanism of SOC in the aggregate, which is an important way of sustainable C sequestration in cropland ecosystems.

This article explores the implications of artificial conversation for teaching and Media Literacy. It does so by engaging with two theoretical frameworks: (1) Luhmann’s communication theory, to conceptualize artificial communication in human-dialogical system interactions, and (2) the semiotic Theory of Audiovisual Conversation (TAC), to analyze its distinctive features. From a Luhmannian perspective, Artificial Intelligence (AI) does not replicate human intelligence but rather human communication, prioritizing message comprehensibility over intentionality. TAC further clarifies artificial communication by outlining key elements such as knowledge transmission and enunciational attitudes, direct and indirect communication, the interplay of questions and answers, and the distinction between attending and participating in a conversation. These insights inform educational and media literacy practices, emphasizing the centrality of questioning, the role of prompt engineering, and the development of critical thinking, argumentation, and strategic communication skills as part of New Literacies.