The rise of social media has democratized information sharing, allowing ordinary individuals to become influential voices in public discourse. However, traditional methods for identifying influential users rely primarily on network centrality measures that fail to capture the behavioral dynamics underlying actual influence capacity in digital environments. This study introduces the Social Influence Strength Index (SISI), a metric grounded in social impact theory that assesses influence through behavioral engagement indicators rather than network structure alone. The SISI combines three key elements: the average engagement rate, follower reach score, and mention prominence score, using a geometric mean to account for the multiplicative nature of social influence. This was developed and validated using a dataset of 1.2 million tweets from South African migration discussions, a context characterized by high emotional engagement and diverse participant types. SISI’s behavioral principles make it applicable for identifying influential voices across various social media contexts where authentic engagement matters. The results demonstrate substantial divergence between SISI and traditional centrality measures (Spearman ρ = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.32–0.36 with eigenvector centrality; top-10 user overlap Jaccard index = 0.20), with the SISI consistently recognizing behaviorally influential users that network-based approaches overlook. Validation analyses confirm the SISI’s predictive validity (high-SISI users maintain 3.5× higher engagement rates in subsequent periods, p < 0.001), discriminant validity (distinguishing content creators from amplifiers, Cohen’s d = 1.32), and convergent validity with expert assessments (Spearman ρ = 0.61 vs. ρ = 0.28 for eigenvector centrality). The research reveals that digital influence stems from genuine audience engagement and community recognition rather than structural network positioning. By integrating social science theory with computational methods, this work presents a theoretically grounded framework for measuring digital influence, with potential applications in understanding information credibility, audience mobilization, and the evolving dynamics of social media-driven public discourse across diverse domains including marketing, policy communication, and digital information ecosystems.

The Professional Quality of Life scale (ProQOL) is the most widely used tool to assess compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in people working in helping professions (e.g., health care professionals, teachers, police officers). However, psychometric concerns have been raised, which have led to the development of two revised, shortened versions: the Brief ProQOL-12 and the 9-item Short ProQOL. However, the psychometric qualities of these shortened versions still need to be demonstrated. This study compared the validity and reliability of the original and two shortened ProQOL versions. The cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 639 helping professionals from Slovakia. We first evaluated model fit and reliability in terms of internal consistency. Convergent validity was examined by testing the relationships between the three ProQOL versions and two validated measures of compassion (Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale; Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self/Others scales). Both the Brief ProQOL-12 (CFI = 0.957, RMSEA = 0.068) and the Short ProQOL (CFI = 0.976, RMSEA = 0.061) showed superior model fit and factor distinctions, compared to the original ProQOL 5 (CFI = 0.704, RMSEA = 0.097), and better convergent validity in terms of higher AVE values (> 0.51). For all three ProQOL versions, the internal consistency was good (α/ω > 0.8 across subscales), except for burnout in ProQOL 5, which was relatively low (α = 0.731; ω = 0.661). Also the convergent validity was supported for all three ProQOL versions, as indicated by significant positive correlations with other measures of compassion. The Brief ProQOL-12 and the 9-item Short ProQOL both outperformed the 30-item ProQOL 5 in terms of model fit and structural validity. Their reliability and convergent validity was supported in a large group of helping professionals from Slovakia. With an additional item per subscale, the Brief ProQOL-12 may offer a better balance between brevity and construct coverage. Both shorter scales may be valuable for both research and practical applications and have potential to enhance professionals' well-being by allowing for a quick screening, continuous monitoring and tailored interventions for helping professionals.

This study investigates the relationship between human capital development and financial inclusion in remote regions of Indonesia, highlighting the mediating role of the entrepreneurial mindset. The research surveyed 142 undergraduate students from Universitas Cenderawasih selected using Slovin’s formula and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. Construct reliability and validity demonstrated strong measurement model performance, with Cronbach’s Alpha values ranging from 0.892 to 0.934 and AVE values above 0.50, confirming robust reliability and convergent validity. The structural model indicated moderate predictive capability with R² values of 0.652 for entrepreneurial mindset and 0.420 for financial inclusion. Hypothesis testing revealed that human capital development significantly affects both financial inclusion (β = 0.332; t = 2.310; p = 0.021) and entrepreneurial mindset (β = 0.808; t = 16.773; p = 0.000). Additionally, entrepreneurial mindset significantly impacts financial inclusion (β = 0.349; t = 2.691; p = 0.007). A significant indirect effect also confirmed entrepreneurial mindset as a mediator in the relationship between human capital development and financial inclusion (β = 0.282; t = 2.647; p = 0.008). These findings emphasize the strategic integration of entrepreneurial education and human capital enhancement to strengthen financial inclusion initiatives in marginalized regions

The appearance-related social media consciousness scale-Italian version (ASMCS-I) in young adults and adults.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of an Arabic version of the 12-item Zarit burden interview.

Mealtime experience is a multidimensional concept extending beyond meal satisfaction. Many existing patient meal satisfaction tools fail to capture this complexity. This study examines the internal consistency, test-retest reliability and validity of the Austin Health Patient Mealtime Experience Tool. The Austin Health Patient Mealtime Experience Tool was developed through a literature review and stakeholder input. Participants from acute, sub-acute and rehabilitation wards at Austin Health completed the tool (Test 1) alongside the Acute Care Hospital Foodservice Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire on Day 1. A follow-up assessment was conducted 7 days later (Test 2). Factor analysis assessed construct validity. Concurrent and convergent validity were determined by correlating scores with the Acute Care Hospital Foodservice Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's coefficient α, and test-retest reliability was evaluated through correlation analysis. A total of 143 completed surveys were collected from participants aged 19-101 years (mean age: 72.1 ± 17.6 years), with 48.3% identifying as female. The Austin Health Patient Mealtime Experience Tool demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's coefficient α = 0.75) and test-retest reliability (correlation coefficient = 0.73, p < 0.001, n = 94). Concurrent validity (correlation coefficient = 0.67, p < 0.001, n = 126) and convergent validity were also supported. The Austin Health Patient Mealtime Experience Tool is a valid and reliable tool for assessing patient mealtime experience beyond meal satisfaction. It enables efficient data collection on key factors influencing mealtime experience, supporting informed decision-making to enhance patient care.

Evaluating psychometric validity of ecological momentary assessment for youth irritability.

Cultural differences, along with various social and political determinants, affect the social isolation experienced by older adults. This study aimed to investigate the factor structure of the Traditional Chinese version of the Friendship Scale (FS-TC) and to assess its psychometric properties in relation to social isolation among Taiwanese older adults. In Phase 1, the scale underwent cultural adaptation and translation before being evaluated for face and content validity by ten older adults and five experts in nursing and geriatric care. Phase 2 involved a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 500 older adults from southern Taiwan to establish construct validity, criterion validity, and reliability. Of these participants, 100 were retested 2 weeks later to assess test-retest reliability. The scale-level content validity index was 1.0. A confirmatory factor analysis showed a two-factor structure of the FS-TC, consisting of "connection" and "isolation" factors. The Cronbach's α for the scale was 0.82, while the intraclass correlation coefficient reached 0.96. Convergent validity was demonstrated through significant correlations with the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Social Support Scales, and the Loneliness Scale. The FS-TC showed a sensitivity of 56% and a specificity of 89% for predicting Lubben Social Network Scale-6 measured social isolation. An optimal cut-off score of 14.5 was identified for predicting social isolation in older adults. Overall, the FS-TC was shown to be a reliable and valid measure of social isolation, making it a valuable tool for healthcare providers and researchers assessing the severity of social isolation among Taiwanese older adults.

Measuring Patient-Reported Outcomes in Ischemic Heart Disease: Validation of the Greek HeartQoL Questionnaire.

Translation and validation of the Chinese version of quality of physician-patient interaction scale.

Validity, intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, and minimal detectable change of the two-minute step test in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Longitudinal measurement invariance of EURO-D scale across 27 countries in SHARE wave 8 and wave 9: A cross-country alignment study.

The aim was to validate the stoma self-efficacy scale and assess the psychometric properties of the Czech version of the scale in patients with intestinal stoma. Another aim was to assess self-efficacy in patients with intestinal stoma. Descriptive, cross-sectional and validation study. Two hundred and ninety patients with intestinal stoma participated in the study during 2023. The original SSES instrument was linguistically validated into Czech. Content validity of the scale, test-retest, intraclass coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's ω, construct and convergent validity were assessed for psychometric properties. The study followed STROBE guidelines. The stoma self-efficacy scale was adopted into Czech, demonstrating excellent content validity. An intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to establish test-retest reliability, showing excellent reliability of the Czech version. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's ω showed high reliability. Factor analysis was applied for construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract three factors on the Czech version of the scale: Stoma care self-efficacy, social self-efficacy and burden self-efficacy. The factors accounted for 62.05% of the total variance and showed strong internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied separately to the data of respondents with colostomy and respondents with ileostomy. The fit indices were satisfactory for respondents with colostomy after adjustment. The composite reliability coefficient showed acceptable values in each factor. The Czech version of the stoma self-efficacy scale has excellent psychometric properties in patients with intestinal stoma. It is a reliable tool for use in patients with intestinal stoma to assess self-efficacy. The scale can also be used by nurses who care for these patients and based on this, meet the individual needs related to patients' self-efficacy.

ABSTRACT Although previous research has extensively examined the characteristics of specific autobiographical memories, few tools have been available to assess how individuals recall their personal past in general. To address this gap, we adapted into Polish the Autobiographical Recollection Test (ART), a self-report instrument originally designed to capture general autobiographical remembering across seven components: vividness, narrative coherence, reliving, rehearsal, scene construction, visual imagery, and life story relevance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the factorial validity of the Polish version, demonstrating adequate psychometric properties. The Polish adaptation also showed expected correlations with another self-report measure of autobiographical memory ability (Survey of Autobiographical Memory, SAM), supporting its convergent validity. Furthermore, both the full and brief versions of ART showed significant associations with scores on the Involuntary Autobiographical Memory Inventory (IAMI). These findings provide robust support for the Polish adaptation of ART as a reliable tool for assessing the subjective qualities of autobiographical memory, with potential applications in research on diverse populations.

Older people (aged 65 years and over) frequently present to urgent or emergency care settings, often with multiple health and social care needs. Despite this, their quality-of-life (QOL) is rarely assessed in a systematic or meaningful way. Capturing QOL in these settings is essential for delivering person-centred care for guiding improvements in service planning and delivery. This study aimed to evaluate the construct validity of the Quality-of-life - Aged Care Consumers, (QOL-ACC), an older people specific QOL instrument, in the context of urgent or emergency care. Data were collected via an online survey which included demographic questions, the QOL-ACC, the EQ-5D-5L (a health-specific measure), the Urgent Care Questionnaire (UCSQ) and global self-reported health and QOL questions. Construct validity was assessed through Convergent and known-group validity. Convergent validity was assessed using 13 a priori hypotheses predicting correlations between the QOL-ACC and its dimensions and the other validated instruments. Known group validity was assessed with four a priori hypotheses comparing QOL-ACC scores across subgroups defined by self-rated health and QOL, areas of socio-economic advantage and disadvantage care needs at home. Among 205 respondents (mean age 75 ± 6.0 years, 59% female), 37 (18.0%) were receiving home-based aged care services. The QOL-ACC utility scores demonstrated moderate correlation with the EQ-5D-5L (ρ = 0.60) and the EQVAS (ρ = 0.57). Low to moderate correlation was demonstrated with the 3 dimensions of the UCSQ (ρ = 0.27 ρ = 0.34, ρ = 0.37). The QOL-ACC was able to discriminate between groups with different self-rated health and QOL levels (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed by areas of socio-economic advantage and disadvantage nor by care needs at home. The QOL-ACC demonstrated strong construct validity for assessing QOL in older people accessing urgent or emergency care. Its ability to distinguish between self-rated health and QOL, with consistent scores across socio-economic groups and care use, supports its broad applicability. Further research is needed to assess its reliability and responsiveness in these settings.

This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Thai versions of the Chronic Oral Mucosal Disease Questionnaire-15 (COMDQ-15) and Oral Lichen Planus Symptom Severity Measure (OLP-SSM), assessing quality of life and symptom severity in oral lichen planus (OLP). Following COSMIN guidelines, both original instruments were translated and culturally adapted into Thai. Psychometric evaluation, including structural validity, convergent and discriminative validity, and internal consistency, involved 203 Thai adults with OLP. Participants also completed psychological assessments (GAD-7, PHQ-9, PSS-10, B-IPQ), while clinicians rated disease activity of OLP using the OLP-DAS and OLP-IGA. Structural validity supported the original four-factor COMDQ-15 and unidimensional OLP-SSM structures, consistent with international findings. Content validity was excellent (CVI ≥ 0.96). Convergent validity showed moderate-to-high correlations between COMDQ-15 scores and psychological measures, and between OLP-SSM scores and clinical disease activity. However, discriminative validity was limited in distinguishing symptom severity states, likely due to mild-to-moderate disease severity among participants. Internal consistency was robust (COMDQ-15 α = 0.922; OLP-SSM α = 0.778). The Thai COMDQ-15 and OLP-SSM are valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate tools for assessing symptom severity and quality of life in Thai OLP patients, enhancing clinical care and facilitating holistic disease management.

Purpose This research explores the intricate relationship between awareness of plagiarism, using plagiarism prevention techniques and promoting the academic integrity of university students. The study also investigates the mediating role of techniques to avoid plagiarism in ensuring academic integrity and Institutional consequences. Design/methodology/approach This study's research design was primarily quantitative, utilizing an online survey to gather numerical data from a sample of students. Data was collected from students enrolled at Noakhali Science and Technology University, a public university in Bangladesh, through an online survey. The questionnaire was distributed via email invitations and chat groups. The researchers employed the SmartPLS-4 software to implement structural equation modelling techniques. Findings The results indicated that a significant proportion of participants, namely N = 152 out of N = 199 respondents, exhibited an understanding and awareness about “plagiarism”. Measurement model evaluation demonstrated that each construct had Cronbach's alpha values over 0.700, and AVE exceeded 0.500, indicating a strong level of internal consistency and strong convergent validity. The analysis of the structural model's findings revealed that most R2 values reach or surpass the 0.1 threshold, showing strong predictive capacity for TAP, LIC and EAI. Additionally, the Q2 values of EAI, LIC and TAP highlight the strong predictive relevance of the relevant constructs. Furthermore, the mediation analysis yielded compelling evidence to support hypotheses and highlighted the crucial function of techniques to avoid plagiarism as a mediator in these connections. Originality/value By investigating the mediating function of plagiarism avoidance strategies, this study offers an innovative perspective on the shift from knowledge to action in combating plagiarism.

Grazing is a disordered eating behavior associated with poor weight control, increased eating disorder psychopathology, and psychological difficulties in adults. Unfortunately, little is known about grazing in adolescence, which is aggravated by the lack of validated measures for this population. This study investigates the psychological aspects of grazing in adolescence and provides psychometric support for a brief self-report measure, the Rep(eat)-Q. A community sample of middle/high school students (n = 358, 55.6% females) and a clinical sample with overweight/obesity (n = 204, 59.8% females), completed a set of self-report questionnaires assessing eating and psychological variables including the Rep(eat)-Q. Weight and height data were also collected (Community: Mz-BMI = 0.39, SD = 0.98; Clinical: Mz-BMI = 2.39, SD = 0.74). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed an adequate fit [(χ2(107) = 389.77; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99; NFI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.062; RMSEA = 0.098] for a second-order (grazing) model with two first-order factors (repetitive eating and compulsive grazing subscales) with good reliability (0.85 < α < 0.91). Metric and scalar invariance were confirmed, allowing comparisons between samples. Compared with clinical adolescents, community adolescents reported higher scores on the Rep(eat)-Q total (Community: M = 1.86, SD = 1.30; Clinical: M = 1.53, SD = 1.35; t(559) = - 2.81; p = 0.005) and repetitive eating subscale (Community: M = 2.04, SD = 1.44; Clinical: M = 1.52, SD = 1.35; t(560) = - 4.24; p ≤ 0.001). The Rep(eat)-Q total score and subscales scores were significantly positively correlated with eating disorder psychopathology and inversely correlated with intuitive eating, suggesting good convergent validity (0.11 < r < 0.63). Similarly, adolescents scoring higher on grazing also present more psychological distress and poor cognitive and emotional functioning (0.15 < r < 0.50). Psychological variables (i.e., depression, anxiety, and negative urgency) explained 21.8% of the variance in the grazing score, independent of sex, age, and BMI z-score [F(6, 490) = 22.87, p ≤ 0.001; R2 = 0.218]. The Rep(eat)-Q is a reliable self-reported measure for assessing grazing in adolescents. These findings provide further support for the conceptualization of grazing in the spectrum of disordered eating and psychopathology in adolescents.

Purpose The purpose of this study was twofold: to adapt and test the validity and reliability of the Food Ethics Awareness Scale (FEAS) for use in Australia, and building on this validation, to examine how sociodemographic factors shape responses within the Australian sample. Design/methodology/approach Existing tools assess ethical food decision-making but lack a comprehensive measure of overall food ethics awareness. To address this gap, FEAS was translated from Turkish, adapted and subsequently tested through psychometric analyses and hypothesis testing (N = 1,173). Findings Factor analysis confirmed a four-dimensional structure, demonstrating strong validity, including internal consistency, as well as content, face and convergent validity. Discriminant validity was supported through higher awareness levels observed among females, older individuals, highly educated groups, overseas-born populations, ethical eaters and members of Christian and Hindu communities. The findings revealed a partial understanding of food ethics among consumers, with the biotechnological food dimension scoring lower than other dimensions. Additionally, religious communities showed greater resistance to biotech foods, highlighting the significant influence of cultural and ethical factors on food choices. Originality/value As the first validated adaptation of FEAS for Australia’s general population, this research provides a holistic measure of food ethics awareness, helping shape policy, consumer education and ethical food strategies. By validating the tool and analyzing population-level responses, the research confirms its suitability for future studies in Australia and offers initial insights into the sociodemographic aspects of food ethics awareness.

Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between Corporate Social Marketing (CSM) initiatives and the components of Consumer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) in Vietnam’s instant noodle market. Grounded in the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) model, it examines how CSM affects brand awareness, brand associations, perceived quality, brand trust, and brand loyalty, as well as the causal relationships among these components. Design/methodology/approach: A structured questionnaire was developed based on validated scales from prior studies, refined through expert consultation, and administered to 600 consumers in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, yielding 552 valid responses. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 for descriptive statistics and common method bias testing, and SmartPLS 3.0 for measurement validation and structural model assessment, including reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and hypothesis testing via bootstrapping with 5,000 resamples. Findings: All 10 proposed hypotheses were supported at the 1% significance level. CSM was found to positively and directly influence all five CBBE components, with the strongest total effect on brand trust. Moreover, interrelationships among CBBE components were confirmed—brand awareness, brand associations, perceived quality, and brand loyalty significantly influenced brand trust, and perceived quality emerged as the most important driver of brand loyalty. The model demonstrated strong reliability, validity, predictive capability, and goodness-of-fit. Research limitation/implications: This study used a non-probability sampling approach focusing on adult consumers in urban areas, limiting the generalizability to rural markets. Future research should adopt probability sampling, consider different demographic segments, and extend the model to other product categories, sectors, and countries. Originality/value: This research extends the application of the SOR model to the CSM–CBBE relationship in the fast-moving consumer goods sector, offering empirical evidence from Vietnam’s instant noodle industry. It provides actionable insights for managers on how to leverage CSM initiatives to build brand equity while fostering sustainable social behaviors.