The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA-E) funds high risk, high reward transformational research to reduce energy related emissions, reduce imports of energy from foreign sources, improve energy efficiency across all economic sectors, and ensure US technological lead in advanced energy technologies, including electrochemical energy storage and transformation for grid scale and automotive applications. Storing energy in the form of liquid fuels has numerous advantages compared to conventional methods of energy storage (ES) such as batteries (high cost, short cycle life), pumped hydro and compressed air (low energy density). Low costs of storage and transportation of liquid fuels enables long-time ES and effective energy transportation using existing infrastructure technologies. Electrochemical synthesis of fuels allows for direct conversion of renewable electricity to chemical energy, which simplifies the process and increases the process efficiency. ARPA-E funds several projects targeting electrochemical synthesis of liquid fuels via OPEN and focused programs. The Reliable Electricity Based on Electrochemical Systems (REBELS) program aiming at distributed generation for more reliable and flexible smart grid focuses on intermediate temperature fuel cells that operate between 200-500oC and includes cell capable to produce liquid fuels along with electricity. The Renewable Electricity to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-dense Liquids (REFUEL) program seeks to fund the development of transformational technologies to reduce the barriers to widespread adoption of intermittent renewable energy sources by enabling the conversion of energy from these sources, water and air to energy-dense zero-carbon liquid fuels. This presentation will also highlight flow battery technologies using organic active materials including funded by ARPA-E. A comparison of organic and inorganic active materials in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes for flow battery applications will be presented. Compatibility of fuels, electrocatalysts and membranes will be discussed. State-of-the-art technologies for electrochemical synthesis of fuels and organic active materials using different types of electrochemical cells will be presented.