Conventional Power Divider Research Articles

A New Design of Equal and Unequal Dual-Band Gysel Power Divider with Controllable Bandwidth

In this article, a new design for an equal and unequal dual-band Gysel power divider with a novel dual-band transformer has been proposed. This transformer is replaced with two conventional quarter-wavelength transmission lines between the isolation resistors. The proposed power divider thus has controllable bandwidth, exactly the same as the conventional Gysel power divider, as well as simple structure, wide frequency band ratio, good isolation and return loss, and high-power handling capability advantages over the Wilkinson power divider.

NON-UNIFORM TRANSMISSION LINE ULTRA-WIDEBAND WILKINSON POWER DIVIDER

We propose a technique with clear guidelines to design a compact planar Wilkinson power divider (WPD) for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The design procedure is accomplished by replacing the uniform transmission lines in each arm of the conventional power divider with varying-impedance proflles governed by a truncated Fourier series. Such non-uniform transmission lines (NTLs) are obtained through the even mode analysis, whereas three isolation resistors are optimized in the odd mode circuit to achieve proper isolation and output ports matching over the frequency range of interest. For veriflcation purposes, an in-phase equal split WPD is designed, simulated, and measured. Simulation and measurement results show that the input and output ports matching as well as the isolation are below i10dB, whereas the transmission parameters are in the range of (i3:2dB, i4:2dB) across the 3.1GHz{10.6GHz band.

A novel Gysel power divider design with uniform impedance transmission lines for arbitrary power-dividing ratios

A novel Gysel power divider with uniform impedance transmission lines is presented. The arbitrary power-dividing ratio is obtained only by adjusting the electrical lengths of the transmission lines, avoiding the use of high impedance lines that are involved in the conventional Gysel power divider design with large power-dividing ratio. All the transmission lines are with the same characteristic impedance, which is independent of the power-dividing ratio and provides a freedom to control the operation bandwidth. For verification, a 9:1 Gysel power divider operating at 1 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. The measured results show a bandwidth of 13.7% with better than 20 dB return loss and 29.2 dB isolation from 0.95 to 1.09 GHz.

Compact Broadband Gysel Power Divider With Arbitrary Power-Dividing Ratio Using Microstrip/Slotline Phase Inverter

A compact broadband Gysel power divider with arbitrary power-dividing ratio is proposed. This divider is derived from the conventional Gysel power divider by substituting an ideal phase inverter for the 180° phase shifter, which significantly improves the bandwidth and reduces the circumference to 1 λg evaluated at the center frequency. A wide range of power-dividing ratio (1-6.25) is supported by changing the impedance ratio of the transmission lines, while the dual-band impedance matching characteristic with frequency ratio (1-2.9) is obtained only by varying the impedances of the transmission lines (20-135 Ω). Closed-form equations are derived for design parameters. The ideal phase inverter is realized by two transitions: microstrip-to-slotline and slotline-to-microstrip transitions. By utilizing this phase inverter, two microstrip Gysel dividers with power-dividing ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 and operating at 1.5/2.5 and 1/2 GHz, respectively, are designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. The first measured results show a bandwidth of 80% with better than 15-dB return loss and 29-dB isolation from 1.19 to 2.76 GHz. The second measured results show a bandwidth of 95.8% with better than 12-dB return loss and 24-dB isolation from 0.8 to 2.27 GHz. To the authors' knowledge, the most wideband Gysel power divider using microstrip technology is proposed for the first time.

ANALYSIS OF COUPLED MICROSTRIP LINES FOR QUAD-BAND EQUAL POWER DIVIDERS/COMBINERS

This paper presents a novel quad-band power divider with equal power division ratio. The proposed power divider is realized using two cascaded sections of dual-band transformers based on coupled microstrip lines. Limitations of using dual-band quarter- wavelength transformers based on coupled lines are studied through parametric analysis to obtain useful design guidelines related to available fabrication facilities. General closed-form expressions are deduced to calculate design parameters. To verify analysis and design methodologies, a prototype of quad-band equal power divider is proposed. Compared to conventional quad-band power dividers using sections of transmission line transformers, the proposed power divider records a size reduction of about 20% and reduced parasitic efiects at higher frequencies according to the usage of only two resistors instead of four with much smaller ohmic values. In addition, a quad-band power divider is proposed, fabricated and measured for 3G and 4G applications at 2.1, 2.5, 3.5, and 3.8GHz frequencies. Measured and simulated data are in very good agreement which validates the novel design.

Compact, harmonic suppressed power divider using open complementary split‐ring resonator

AbstractAn open complementary split‐ring resonator (OCSRR) based T‐junction power divider working at 900 MHz frequency is proposed in this paper. By embedding the OCSRR in the microstrip transmission line, slow wave effect is introduced to achieve size reduction. The proposed power divider size is 47% smaller than the conventional power divider. Besides, the proposed power divider provides better third harmonic suppression. The simulated results are verified with the experimental results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2897–2899, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26393

Flexible Design of a Compact Coupled-Line Power Divider

Studies indicate that the size reduction of a conventional coupled-line power divider can be implemented with the introduction of reactive elements at the output ends of the pair of coupled-line sections. A theoretical analysis of such a kind of power dividers is performed, and simple design equations are presented in this paper. By choosing the electrical length of the coupled-line section as 30°, a very compact coupled-line power divider is demonstrated. Centered at 1.5 GHz, a validation circuit is optimally designed, built and experimentally verified. Measurements, which match the predictions, confirm the proposed compact divider topology and design procedures.

COMPACT WIDEBAND GYSEL POWER DIVIDER WITH ARBITRARY POWER DIVISION BASED ON PATCH TYPE STRUCTURE

A novel Gysel power divider based on patch type structure is presented in this paper. The proposed power divider possesses broad bandwidth, small physical occupation and arbitrary power division. More than 30% bandwidth enhancement is achieved based on the i15dB input return loss criteria, while 55% size reduction is realized compared with conventional Gysel power divider. What's more, ∞at dividing is obtained in the design without using additional transmission line sections. Based on the novel structure, a design procedure of power dividers with unequal power division ratios is provided without using narrow microstrip line. To verify the design approach, the proposed power dividers with equal and unequal (2:1 and 4:1) power divisions at the centre frequency 1.5GHz are fabricated and measured. The results demonstrate that the design can fulfll our goals.

Compact power divider embedded with zigzag microstrip slow-wave structures

A novel zigzag microstrip slow-wave structure is presented, which effectively reduces the occupied length to 34% of a normal microstrip structure. A sample power divider using the slow-wave structure is given, the whole size of the proposed divider has been reduced by 39% compared to a conventional power divider. The design is validated both by simulation and by measurement.

Power divider with microstrip electromagnetic bandgap element for miniaturisation and harmonic rejection

A novel technique for harmonic suppression and size reduction in planar Wilkinson power divider is presented. The proposed technique served by a microstrip electromagnetic bandgap element (MEBE) is used to reject the unwanted harmonics by employing its stopband effect and to reduce the length of microstrip by utilising its slow-wave effect. The whole size of the proposed divider has been reduced by 39% compared to the conventional power divider. Higher harmonics are effectively suppressed.

Compact Wilkinson power divider with harmonic suppression

AbstractThis letter presents a compact Wilkinson 3‐dB power divider with the third harmonic suppression. The equivalent T‐shaped microstrip lines are designed to replace the two quarter‐wavelength microstrip lines of the conventional power divider. The equivalent lines achieve the same fundamental responses with the conventional lines while the equivalent lines are bandstop filters at the third harmonic frequency to suppress the third harmonic signals. A 47‐dB third harmonic suppression is achieved. Furthermore, the proposed power divider is compact and achieves 16% size reduction in comparison to the conventional power divider. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2825–2827, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22875

Miniaturized Broadband Lumped-Element In-Phase Power Dividers

This paper describes miniaturized broadband lumped-element in-phase power dividers. We first propose two types of miniaturized broadband lumped-element in-phase power dividers composed of two inductors, a resistor, and two capacitors. Next, we use a simulation to compare these dividers with conventional power dividers. The simulation results reveal that the proposed lumped-element in-phase power dividers can help miniaturize circuits (by decreasing inductances by about 30%, reducing the number of necessary capacitors by half, and decreasing necessary capacitances by about 30% as compared to conventional lumped-element dividers) and attain broadband frequency characteristics (by increasing normalized operating frequency bandwidths (f/f 0 ) by about 80% as compared to conventional lumped-element dividers).

Broad-banding technique for in-phase hybrid ring equal power divider

A broad-banding technique for in-phase equal power divider is described. Detailed comparisons between the proposed variants of power dividers and the conventional in-phase power divider are also performed. Based on the 15-dB input and output return losses criteria, it is noted that a maximum impedance bandwidth of 44.3% for an amplitude error of /spl plusmn/0.9 dB and a phase error of /spl plusmn/1.8/spl deg/ can be achieved, for the first time, for divider with length more than 3/spl lambda//2 ring impedance transformer. A systematic design technique that relaxes some of the conventional constraint in in-phase hybrid ring equal power divider design, is also described.

An active MMIC power divider with active inductor termination

Conventional passive power dividers are narrowband and lossy. In this paper, we will introduce a new distributed power divider with active inductor termination. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed structure has a much wider bandwidth than the conventional active or passive power divider. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 28: 177–179, 2001.

Multimode power divider using radiation from tight bending waveguide

By using a large-core and high-/spl Delta/ polymeric optical waveguide, we developed the mode-division power divider which enables wide-angle power dividing, and compared it with a conventional Y-junction power divider. The core size and /spl Delta/ were 100/spl times/100 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and 5.4%, respectively. At the conditions of 25/spl deg/ branching angle and 50/50 splitting ratio, the excess loss of the mode-division and Y-junction were estimated to be 2.5 and 9.5 dB, respectively. These values were including 1.2 dB fiber-connecting loss. Furthermore, we observed that both the mode-division type outputs have almost the same modal power distribution as the input.

Uniplanar power dividers using coupled CPW and asymmetrical CPS for MICs and MMICs

Uniplanar coplanar waveguide (CPW), coplanar strip (CPS), and slotline on dielectric substrates have many applications in microwave integrated circuit (MIC) and monolithic microwave/millimeter wave integrated circuit (MMIC) designs. New power dividers using one-section and two-section coupled CPW have been developed. These circuits provide substantially improved performance over a wider bandwidth than conventional microstrip power dividers. Measured results show that the one-section CPW power divider has greater than 20-dB isolation, less than 0.3-dB insertion loss, a 0.2-dB power dividing imbalance, and a 20 phase imbalance over a bandwidth of more than 30% centered at 3 GHz. The two-section CPW power divider has greater than 24-dB isolation, less than 0.5-dB insertion loss, a 0.1 dB power dividing imbalance, and a 1.6/spl deg/ phase imbalance over a bandwidth of more than 66% centered at 3 GHz. Experimental results agree well with calculated ones. In-phase and 180/spl deg/ out-of-phase power dividers constructed by the circuit configuration method are described in this paper. The even-odd mode excited method is used to analyze the power dividers. Also two other power dividers using asymmetrical coplanar strip (ACPS) have been developed with good performance. A 180/spl deg/ out-of-phase power divider is demonstrated with an amplitude imbalance of 0.4 dB and a phase difference of 180/spl deg//spl plusmn/1/spl deg/ over a wide bandwidth.

A 180° out-of-phase power divider using asymmetrical coplanar stripline

This letter presents a new uniplanar 3-dB power divider using an asymmetrical coplanar stripline (ACPS) for microwave integrated circuit (MIC) and microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuit (MMIC) applications. The circuit having 180/spl deg/ out-of-phase between two output ports provides good performance as compared to conventional microstrip power dividers. Experimental results for the power divider show an amplitude imbalance of 0.4 dB and a phase difference of 180/spl deg//spl plusmn/1/spl deg/ over a wide bandwidth from 2.5 to 3.5 GHz.