Conventional Mesh Research Articles

Comparison of Two Different Orthodontic Bracket Recycling Techniques

Introduction: The cost of orthodontic treatment in most of the industrialized countries may considerably differ from those in third world countries. The lesser cost of orthodontic treatment, high pricing of orthodontic inventory and poor economic conditions of the people strengthen the notion of ‘recycling’ even more.Objectives: To compare the shear bond strengths of .022 slot pre-adjusted edgewise brackets with conventional mesh base design recycled by two different chair-side techniques, one being flaming/heating and other being sandblasting.Materials & Method: The sample involved eighty extracted human premolars with .022 slot pre-adjusted edgewise brackets (Orcmo, USA) bonded onto the lingual surface. After initial de-bonding the bracket base was studied under a scanning electron microscope at different magnifications for aperture size, mesh continuity and surface roughness. The brackets were re-bonded on to the labial surface of the same premolars and then debonded using a Universal Testing Machine to produce a shear force at the tooth bracket interface.Result: The study showed highest bond strengths with the control group (111.52 ± 49.90 N) and least bond strengths with the heating/flaming group (63.71 ± 22.43 N). Reduced aperture dimensions and loss of mesh continuity were characteristics of the Heating group. Sand Blasting showed significantly higher bond strengths (100.42 ± 39.42 N) with considerably rougher mesh surface texture compared to heating group.Conclusion: Sand blasting as a mode to reconditioned orthodontic bracket base provides a higher shear bond strength compared to orthodontic brackets reconditioned by heating/ flaming (p< .01).

Application of modified three-dimensional titanium mesh in skull repair

Objective To explore the role of the improved computer aided design of the digital three-dimensional titanium mesh in the repair of skull, to reduce the incidence of postoperative epidural hematoma and epidural fluid. Methods Retrospective analysis of 93 cases of skull repair using the three-dimensional titanium mesh was conducted.49 cases in the conventional group used the conventional three-dimensional titanium mesh.44 cases in the observation group were given the improved three-dimensional titanium mesh.The clinical effect of the two groups was observed. Results In the conventional group, postoperative epidural hematoma occurred in 4 cases, 1 case of epidural fluid.All patients were fine in the observation group.The improved three-dimensional titanium mesh could reduce the incidence of epidural hematoma and effusion(χ2=4.745, P=0.029). The conventional group and the observation group both had one case of infection after operation, there was no significant difference between the two groups(χ2=0.001, P=1.000). Conclusion The improved three-dimensional titanium mesh can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and improve the curative effect of the operation. Key words: Repair of skull; Three-dimensional titanium mesh; Hematoma, epidural, cranial

Comparison of progrip mesh v/s conventional mesh in lichtensteins inguinal hernia repair

Introduction: Inguinal hernia is a very common disease. It is estimated that at least 5% of the population will develop a groin hernia in their lifetime, making groin hernia repair one of the most common operations performed by general surgeons. The only way to treat inguinal hernia is surgery.Aim: The aim of our study is to compare the outcome after Lichtensteins inguinal hernia repair using conventional mesh v/s self-fixating Progrip mesh. The primary endpoint of the study will be the incidence of post-operative painObjectives: 1) To compare the outcome in terms of operative time. 2) To compare possibility of complications. 3) To compare postoperative pain.Conclusion: Lichtensteins inguinal hernia repair using self-fixating Progrip mesh has an advantage over conventional mesh in terms of less operative time and post-operative pain.

Cannula Design and Recirculation During Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used as a lifesaving rescue treatment in refractory respiratory or cardiac failure. During venovenous (VV) ECMO, the presence of recirculation is known, but quantification and actions to minimize recirculation after measurement are to date not routinely practiced. In the current study, we investigated the effect of draining cannula design on recirculation fraction (Rf) during VV ECMO; conventional mesh cannula was compared with a multistage cannula. The effect of adjusting cannula position was also studied. Recirculation was measured with ultrasound dilution technique at different ECMO flows and after cannula repositioning. All patients who were admitted to our unit between October 2014 and July 2015 catheterized by the atrio-femoral single lumen method were included. A total of 108 measurements were conducted in 14 patients. The multistage cannula showed significantly less recirculation (19.0 ± 12.2%) compared with the conventional design (38.0 ± 13.7). Pooled data in cases improved from adjustment showing reduced Rf by 7%. In conclusion, the choice of cannula matters, as does adjustment of the draining cannula position during atrio-femoral VV ECMO. By utilizing the ultrasound dilution technique to measure Rf before and after repositioning, effective ECMO flow can be improved for a more effective ECMO treatment.

Tri-band transparent conductive coating of indium tin oxide.

A tri-band transparent conductive indium tin oxide (In2O3:Sn, ITO) film for the visible, near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) was deposited on a sapphire substrate by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. Deposition parameters, including RF power, substrate temperature, and oxygen flow rate, were optimized to improve the optical property without reducing the conductivity of the film by maximizing the Hall mobility and minimizing the carrier concentration. Films deposited at optimized conditions exhibit a Hall mobility of ∼20 cm2 V-1 s-1, a carrier concentration of ∼4.99×1020 cm-3, and a sheet resistance of 61.2 Ω/sq. Average transmissions of these films are 81.40% in the 0.4-1.6 μm region and 60.81% in the 3.0-5.0 μm region. An index-matching stack of MgF2 was developed, improving the transmittance to 90.55% and 73.20% in the regions above, respectively. These results make ITO film a promising alternative material to conventional metal mesh for missile domes shielding electromagnetic waves.

Network-on-Chip-Enabled Multicore Platforms for Parallel Model Predictive Control

Internet-of-Things architecture aims to provide smart connectivity not only with existing computers, but also with new context-aware computing resources, extending soon beyond von Neumann devices for the purpose of mining, prediction, and control of cyber and physical components. These cyber-physical systems (CPSs) not only lead to the accumulation of large amounts of data that can be used to build comprehensive mathematical models, but also raise the quest for real-time analysis and control in diverse application domains, such as environment, healthcare, avionics, smart interconnected automobiles, and smart buildings. Endowing the CPS with a higher degree of distributed smartness and cognition (adaptation) to process massive amounts of data requires efficient control modules. In addition, the prohibitive nature of power consumption, data movement, and memory bandwidth issues calls for a shift of processing the decision-making strategies from within large supercomputing centers closer to the actual sensing site via many distributed networks-on-chip (NoCs)-based multicore platforms. Toward this end, in this paper, we propose an efficient NoC-based multicore architecture capable of solving large-scale nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) problems. By carefully analyzing the spatiotemporal workload characteristics of the NMPC problems, we propose the design of an efficient NoC architecture. Our proposed NoC architecture achieves up to 29% improvement in latency and 28% improvement in energy dissipation over the conventional mesh NoC-based counterpart.

Calculations for reproducible autologous skin cell-spray grafting

Non-cultured, autologous cell-spray grafting is an alternative to mesh grafting for larger partial- and deep partial-thickness burn wounds. The treatment uses a suspension of isolated cells, from a patient's donor site skin tissue, and cell-spray deposition onto the wound that facilitates re-epithelialization. Existing protocols for therapeutic autologous skin cell isolation and cell-spray grafting have defined the donor site area to treatment area ratio of 1:80, substantially exceeding the coverage of conventional mesh grafting. However, ratios of 1:100 are possible by maximizing the wound treatment area with harvested cells from a given donor site skin tissue according to a given burn area. Although cell isolation methods are very well described in the literature, a rational approach addressing critical aspects of these techniques are of interest in planning clinical study protocols. We considered in an experimental study the cell yield as a function of the donor site skin tissue, the cell density for spray grafting, the liquid spray volume, the sprayed distribution area, and the percentage of surface coverage. The experimental data was then used for the development of constants and mathematical equations to give a rationale for the cell isolation and cell-spray grafting processes and in planning for clinical studies.

Intelligent meshing technique for 2D resistivity inverse problems

In geophysical inverse problems, an a priori structured mesh is often used for inversion and mesh refinement is applied if needed by the user after observation of inversion results. We have developed a new intelligent self-adaptive unstructured finite-element meshing technique for electrical resistivity tomography inverse problems. This new approach uses Harris corner-and-edge detectors that are based on the local autocorrelation function of 2D distribution of pixels. This meshing technique optimizes the size of the inverse problem by refining areas where variations in the physical property structure are sensed to be important. The meshing technique also generates a more appropriate and optimum mesh for the inverse problem that is dependent on the problem itself. Tests on modeled data have demonstrated that the proposed intelligent meshing technique can reduce data misfit, produce a better reconstruction of the true physical properties, and minimize the size of the inverse problem. The synthetic model consists of a conductive dike in a resistive medium. By applying the proposed intelligent meshing technique, the inverse model of the dike is very similar to the inverse model produced using fine meshes, and it is also better reconstructed than the inverse model produced using conventional meshes. We have also applied the intelligent meshing technique to survey data collected for groundwater-saltwater mapping and characterizing the subsurface conductive structure with topography included. Our results indicate that the new meshing technique can produce solutions that are comparable with standard meshing and fine meshing techniques, while optimizing the size of the inverse problem.

Stabilization of the Craniovertebral Junction with Clivus Plate Constructs: Biomechanical Comparison with Conventional Technique

Ventral defect caused by resection of the lesions involving the upper cervical spine commonly has been reconstructed with a fabricated mesh cage. Recently, a clival screw and plate fitted to the osseous anatomy of the craniovertebral junction was developed for this pathologic status. To evaluate the stability a clivus plate system fixation (CPSF) for the craniovertebral junction and compare it with a conventional fashioned mesh cage fixation (FMCF). Seven human fresh cadaveric specimens (occiput [Oc], atlas [C1], axis [C2], third cervical vertebra [C3], fourth cervical vertebra [C4]) were tested with intact and destabilization-reconstruction conditions. FMCF and CPSF were applied randomly to the clivus to the C3 segment combined with posterior occipitocervical fixation applied from the occiput to C4 segment, respectively. Specimens were subjected to a pure moment of 1.5 Nm in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, respectively. The range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) from the occiput to C3 were calculated and compared between two anterior fixations. Motions were reduced significantly in all directions following FMCF and CPSF fixations when compared with the intact. The CPSF resulted in smaller ROM in lateral bending (0.3°vs. 0.6°, P= 0.015), axial rotation (0.6° vs. 1.2°, P=0.023) and flexion (0.1° vs. 0.3°, P= 0.019), but similar ROM in extension (0.2° vs. 0.4°, P= 0.273) when compared with the FMCF. NZs with the CPSF were 0.1° in flexion-extension, 0.1° in lateral bending and 0.2° in axial rotation, respectively, and similar to NZs with the FMCF. The clivus plate system fixation is biomechanically superior to the conventional fashioned mesh cage fixation in flexion, lateral bending and axial rotation, but equavalent in extension.

A Comparative Analysis of Channel Switching Latency for OLSR Routing Protocols in Conventional and SDN Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks

A Comparative Analysis of Channel Switching Latency for OLSR Routing Protocols in Conventional and SDN Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks

Slope failure analysis using the random material point method

The random material point method (RMPM), which combines random field theory and the material point method (MPM), is proposed. It differs from the random finite-element method (RFEM), by assigning random field (cell) values to material points that are free to move relative to the computational grid rather than to Gauss points in a conventional finite-element mesh. The importance of considering the effects of both large deformations and the spatial variability of soil strength properties in slope stability analyses is highlighted, by comparing RMPM solutions with RFEM and deterministic MPM solutions for an idealised strain-softening clay slope characterised by a spatially varying undrained shear strength. The risks posed by potential slides are quantified by the extent of retrogressive failure – that is, due to the tendency for secondary failures to be triggered by the removal of support from the remaining soil mass caused by the initial failure. The results show that RMPM provides a much wider range of solutions, in general increasing the volume of material in the failure compared with the RFEM solutions, which are usually limited to the initial slide. Moreover, the anisotropic nature of soil heterogeneity is shown to have a significant influence on the nature and extent of failure.

A New Deformation Model of Biological Tissue for Surgery Simulation.

A novel meshless deformation model of biological soft tissue, which is mainly based on the radial basis function point interpolation, is presented for interactive simulation applications such as virtual surgery simulators. Compared with conventional mesh models, the proposed model is particularly suitable for simulating large deformation, sucking and cutting tasks since there is no need to maintain grid information. Kelvin viscoelasticity, which represents relaxation, creep, and hysteresis of soft tissue, is integrated into the proposed model, making the simulation much more realistic than many existing meshless models. To verify the validity of the proposed model, a biomechanical test was performed on real-life biological tissue and the results show that the maximum relative error between the forces from the biomechanical test and those obtained from the model is less than 5.8%. The proposed model was also implemented on a neurosurgery simulator, which showed that the deformation of the brain tumor can be simulated in a high degree of accuracy with real-time performance. In particular, the error and distortion from the remeshing process inherited in conventional mesh models when deformation is large are avoided.

The application of iron mesh double layer as anode for the electrochemical treatment of Reactive Black 5 dye

In this work a novel anode configuration consisting of an iron mesh double layer is proposed for the electrochemical treatment of wastewater. The removal of Reactive Black 5 dye (RB5) from synthetic contaminated water was used as a model system. At a constant anode surface area, identical process operating parameters and batch process mode, the iron mesh double layer electrode showed better performance compared to the conventional single layer iron mesh. The double layer electrode was characterized by RB5 and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 98.2% and 97.7%, respectively, kinetic rate constant of 0.0385/min, diffusion coefficient of 4.9×10−5cm2/sec and electrical energy consumption of 20.53kWh/kgdye removed. In the continuous flow system, the optimum conditions suggested by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) are: initial solution pH of 6.29, current density of 1.6mA/cm2, electrolyte dose of 0.15g/L and flow rate of 11.47mL/min which resulted in an RB5 removal efficiency of 81.62%.

Reconfigurable multicast routing for Networks on Chip

Several unicast and multicast routing protocols have been presented for MPSoCs. Multicast protocols in NoCs are used for cache coherency in distributed shared memory systems, replication, barrier synchronization, or clock synchronization. Unicast routing algorithms are not suitable for multicast, as they increase traffic, congestion and deadlock probability. Famous multicast schemes such as tree-based and path-based schemes have been proposed originally for multicomputers and recently adapted to NoCs. In this paper, we propose a switch tree-based multicast scheme, called STBA. This method supports tree construction with a minimum number of routers. Our evaluation results reveal that, for both synthetic and real traffic loads, the proposed scheme outperforms the baseline tree-based routing scheme in a conventional mesh by up to 41% and reduces power consumption by up to 29%.

Time dependence of mesoscopic strain distribution for triaxial woven carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer under creep loading measured by digital image correlation

This paper presents the time dependence of the mesoscopic strain of a triaxial woven carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer under creep loading measured using digital image correlation (DIC). Two types of DIC techniques were employed for the measurement: conventional subset DIC and mesh DIC. Static tensile and creep tests were carried out, and the time dependence of the mesoscopic strain distribution was investigated by applying these techniques. The ultimate failure of this material is dominated by inter-bundle decohesion caused by relative rigid rotation and relating shear stress. Therefore, these were focused on in the present study. During the creep tests, the fiber directional strain, shear strain, and rotation were monitored using the DIC, and the mechanism for the increase in the specimen’s macro-strain over time was investigated based on the results obtained by the DIC measurement.

Comparison of two layered prolene mesh hernia repair versus conventional lichtenstein mesh repair for postoperative pain in inguinal hernias: a randomized control trial

Background: Inguinal hernia surgery is the most frequently performed operation in general surgery and so even modest improvements in clinical outcomes are important. This study has been taken as an initiative to compare the post-operative pain after conventional Lichtenstein’s meshplasty against two layered prolene mesh Hernia repair. Methods: This is a randomized control study done in our hospital over period of one year between December 2014 to December 2015. In this study out of 60 patients who underwent mesh repair 30 underwent two layered prolene mesh Hernia repair and 30 underwent conventional Lichtenstein mesh repair. All collected was tabulated and statically analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: All patients in both groups were male patients. Majority of the hernias were of the right side. Maximum pain score was seen at 2 weeks and minimum pain at 12 weeks. Pain at 2 weeks was 5.7±0.56 in MPHS group and 5.9±0.69 in CLMR group. At 12 weeks it was 1.0±0.30 and 1.1±0.35 respectively in both groups. The mean reduction of pain from 2 nd to 12 th week was 4.8±0.47 in TLPMR group and 4.7±0.70 in CLMR group. No statistical significant difference was noted as demonstrated by Mann Whitney U test. Wilcoxon signed ranks test also demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusions: There is apparent advantage in the use of two layered prolene mesh repair over other conventional mesh repairs.

Detail-Preserving and Content-Aware Variational Multi-View Stereo Reconstruction.

Accurate recovery of 3D geometrical surfaces from calibrated 2D multi-view images is a fundamental yet active research area in computer vision. Despite the steady progress in multi-view stereo (MVS) reconstruction, many existing methods are still limited in recovering fine-scale details and sharp features while suppressing noises, and may fail in reconstructing regions with less textures. To address these limitations, this paper presents a detail-preserving and content-aware variational (DCV) MVS method, which reconstructs the 3D surface by alternating between reprojection error minimization and mesh denoising. In reprojection error minimization, we propose a novel inter-image similarity measure, which is effective to preserve fine-scale details of the reconstructed surface and builds a connection between guided image filtering and image registration. In mesh denoising, we propose a content-aware ℓp-minimization algorithm by adaptively estimating the p value and regularization parameters. Compared with conventional isotropic mesh smoothing approaches, the proposed method is much more promising in suppressing noise while preserving sharp features. Experimental results on benchmark data sets demonstrate that our DCV method is capable of recovering more surface details, and obtains cleaner and more accurate reconstructions than the state-of-the-art methods. In particular, our method achieves the best results among all published methods on the Middlebury dino ring and dino sparse data sets in terms of both completeness and accuracy.

Conventional fascial technique versus mesh repair for advanced pelvic organ prolapse: Analysis of recurrences in treated and untreated compartments

117 women with severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP; stage > 2) were enrolled to elucidate a 24-month outcome of POP surgery, using conventional or mesh repair with 3 techniques. 59 patients underwent conventional repair and 58 underwent mesh repair. Two types of mesh were used: a trocar-guided transobturator polypropylene (Avaulta, Bard Inc.) and a porcine dermis mesh (Pelvisoft, Bard Inc.). Women with recurrences, who underwent previous unsuccessful conventional repair, were randomised. Primary outcome was the evaluation of anatomic failures (prolapse stage > 1) in treated and untreated compartments. Anatomic failure was observed in 11 of 58 patients (19%; CI 8.9–29) in the mesh group and in 16 of 59 patients (27.1%; p value = 0.3) in the conventional group. 9 of 11 failures in the mesh group (15.5%; CI 6.2–24.8) were observed in the untreated compartment (de novo recurrences), 14.3% in Pelvisoft and 16.7% in Avaulta arm, while only 1 recurrence in the untreated compartment (1.7%) was observed in the conventional group (odds ratio 10.6, p = 0.03).

HTM: a new hierarchical interconnection network for future generation parallel computers

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we have discussed the architectural structure, static network performance, and dynamic communication performance of a new hierarchical interconnection network called hierarchical Tori connected mesh network (HTM). For the exploration of static network performance, we have evaluated degree, diameter, cost, average distance, arc-connectivity, bisection width, and wiring complexity. We have also evaluated the dynamic communication performance of HTM, its counter rival H3DM, and conventional mesh and torus networks using a deadlock-free dimension order routing using two virtual channels under uniform and non-uniform traffic patterns. The dynamic communication performance is evaluated using computer simulation. We discovered that the HTM has a number of lucrative properties. These include constant node degree, small diameter, low cost, small average distance, moderate (neither too low, nor too high) bisection width, and less wiring complexity. HTM also yields high throughput per link and very low zero load latency, which provide better dynamic communication performance than that of H3DM, mesh, and torus networks.

A mesh differential refinement scheme for solving elastic fields of half-space inclusion problems

This work quantitatively explores the dependence of the truncation errors on computational mesh settings for image-inclusion approaches and proposes a corresponding amendment. The new method is based on FFT algorithms and involves four individual portions. A mesh differential refinement scheme, consisting of independent and flexible selections-combinations of the surface, source, and target domains, is conceived to assist the proposed method. Comparisons of the results produced by the new and conventional mesh schemes demonstrate the significant improvements in computational performances. The new method can facilitate the numerical evaluation of local elastic characteristics caused by distributed inclusions or defects in contacting components.