During on-site welding operations, the sealant coated on anchor bolt surfaces can be ignited by hot particles or localized sparks, potentially triggering a fire hazard. This combustion process involves a complex multi-physics coupling among sealant combustion, convective and radiative heat transfer, and three-dimensional heat conduction in solids. To resolve this coupling, a simulation strategy is proposed that correspondingly integrates the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS, version 6.7.6) for modeling combustion and radiation with ABAQUS (2024) for simulating conductive heat transfer in solids. The proposed method is validated against experimental measurements, showing close agreement in temperature evolution. It also demonstrates robustness across varying geometric scales, thereby confirming its reliability for predicting thermal response. Using this validated method, simulations are performed to analyze the fire behavior of an anchor rod-sealant system. Results show that the burning sealant can raise anchor rod temperatures above 900 °C and lead to rapid flame spread between adjacent rods. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of thermophysical parameters identifies critical thresholds for fire safety optimization: sealants with an ignition temperature > 280 °C and thermal conductivity ≥ 0.26 W/(m·K) demonstrate effective self-extinguishing properties, while specific heat capacity can retard flame growth. These findings provide a robust numerical framework and quantitative guidelines for the fire-safe design of bridge anchorage systems.

Computational analysis of the impact of urine volume on magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

ABSTRACT We consider heat transfer by natural convection with radiation effects on a rough, wet, semispherical fin. The wetness on the fin surface with varying roughness, compounded with the internal heat generation and their influence on the fin's thermal profile and heat transfer rate, is investigated. The governing equation of the model is nondimensionalized, and the resulting nonlinear differential equation is numerically solved by the Keller‐box method and validated using the Chebyshev collocation method subject to quasilinearization. The robustness of these numerical methods is tabulated, and the impact of the critical dimensionless parameters on the thermal profile of the extended surface and the heat transfer rate along it is analyzed graphically and quantitatively. Fin efficiency is also computed, and the influence of the pertinent parameters on it is inferred. The study reveals that the fin's thermal profile is enhanced with a surge in the generation number, temperature‐dependent heat generation parameter, surface roughness, ambient temperature, and exponent of the convective heat transfer, while there is a significant drop in the heat transfer rate with a surge in these parameters. The wetness, convection, and radiation parameters assist the heat transfer rate throughout the fin and degrade its thermal profile.

ABSTRACT This study examines the thermal and entropy generation characteristics of viscous fluid flow through a porous channel under convective cooling and magnetic field effects. The flow is modeled using the steady state momentum and energy equations and solved numerically via a finite difference scheme. Parametric variations in Darcy number (), magnetic parameter (), pressure gradient (), Biot number (), Prandtl number (), Eckert number (), and internal heat generation () are analyzed. Results show that increasing from 0 to 20 reduces entropy generation by approximately 18%, while raising from 0 to 0.6 decreases entropy by about 12%. Higher and promote thermal buildup but increase irreversibility, whereas stronger and stabilize flow, lower temperatures, and improve thermodynamic efficiency. The Nusselt number increases with and , enhancing heat transfer, while skin friction decreases with stronger magnetic fields. These findings provide practical guidance for selecting permeability, magnetic field strength, and surface heat transfer characteristics to optimize energy efficiency and thermal performance in porous channel thermal systems and magnetohydrodynamic applications.

ABSTRACT The differential transformation method (DTM) is utilized to analyze the thermal performance of a wetted moving porous rectangular fin under combined magneto‐radiative‐convective effects considering different internal heat sources. The nonlinear governing equations that describe the steady‐state heat transfer for wetted moving porous rectangular fins are established accounting for internal heat generation (linear, quadratic, and cubic), convective and radiative heat transfer, along with magnetic effects. The temperature distribution and fin efficiency characteristics are determined by DTM. The accuracy of the DTM is verified by numerical solutions. The DTM is employed to determine the temperature distribution and fin efficiency. The DTM results are compared against numerical solutions to validate their accuracy. The results show that temperature distribution and efficiency decrease with increasing convective, wet porous, radiative, and magnetic parameters, while increase with Peclet number. In addition, the heat transfer performance demonstrates significant improvement with higher strength and coefficients of heat source. Compared to the case without an internal heat source, the linear, quadratic, and cubic sources achieve efficiency enhancements of 26.43%, 29.34%, and 31.46%, respectively for Q 0 = 1 and ε gi = 0.3 ( i = 1, 2, 3). And, the cubic case exhibits notable nonlinear efficiency characteristics under high heat generations. This study is helpful for the design of various fin profiles.

Convective heat transfer from a rotating elliptic cylinder to non-Newtonian fluid in laminar flow condition

Experimental investigation on effects of rough woven morphological features on surface of ceramic matrix composite turbine blades on convective heat transfer

Numerical study of the influence of rolling condition on the spacer effect of convective heat transfer at low-flow-rates

Improved thermal management and manufacturing flexibility in power module heatsinks through rapid large-area laser soldering and maximized convective heat transfer

Data-driven modeling for rapid prediction of non-uniform convective heat transfer in BIPV double-skin façades

An artificial neural network (ANN) model has been developed to investigate the flow and thermal characteristics of aqueous humor (AH) within the anterior chamber (AC) of the human eye. The impact of convective heat transfer coefficients (CHTC) and thermal conductivity (TC) on intraocular fluid velocity and temperature distributions, plays a critical role in regulating ocular function and preserving overall eye health. An ANN is trained on data derived from modified Navier–Stokes equations formulated using a lubrication theory, incorporating convective and no-slip boundary conditions at the corneal surface. The model produced mathematical formulations for profile of temperature, velocity, and stream function, providing a close relation with analytical expectations. Graphical analysis highlights the ANN's ability to capture variations in AH velocity and temperature distribution with changing TC and CHTC. To ensure the reliability of our results, we validated the ANN model predictions against established experimental data and numerical simulations. Our findings align well with previous simulations, enhancing the understanding of ocular fluid mechanics and health implications.

Correlation for convective heat transfer coefficient of a solar still glass cover with mixed convection consideration

Numerical analysis of convective heat transfer in mini electronic components using tube heatsinks equipped by porous ribs, solid ribs and nanofluid

New generalized expression of convective heat transfer coefficients for flat steel box girders

Experimental study of convective heat transfer between nanofluids containing different shaped nanomaterials in contact with high temperature geothermal granite

The study of the laws of convective heat transfer to optimize hydrogen production processes from carbohydrates

PINN-based estimation of convective heat transfer in jet impingement cooling

The relationship between the heat flow, the quantity and quality of oil in the Pripyat Trough and the geodynamics of its development is investigated. It has been established that the overwhelming amount of oil deposits and its high quality are confined to the Northern Structural District, within which the maximum heat flow is recorded in the area of the Pripyat paleorift. It is shown that the high heat flow in this area is caused, firstly, by increased convective heat and mass transfer in the crustal segment of the detachment (main extention fault) of the Pripyat Trough located here. Secondly, by conductive cooling of the effusive rocks of the cover and consolidated crust, containing a large volume of intrusive bodies of Late Devonian magmatism. A significant manifestation of magmatism in the northeastern part of the trough was due to active plume-tectonic processes generated by the head part of the West Dnieper rift pillow of the Dnieper graben during the period of maximum stretching of the lithosphere. Tectonically, this led to the formation of a deep Pripyat-Dnieper sedimentary paleostrait here. Pripyat riftogenesis developed due to plastic stretching of the lower crust with simultaneous thinning of its upper and middle crust as a result of brittle stretching. The strong resistance to stretching of the lower acid crust of the Korosten pluton, which underlies the Southern structural region, and the increased plasticity of the basic-ultrabasic lower crust of the Central and Northern structural regions caused the asymmetric development of the Pripyat rift with the formation of a tension neck, a listric fault system, and a translithospheric detachment.The upper mantle segment of the detachment zone and its branches in the crust of the Northern structural region in the form of listric faults served as the main channels of intensive heat and mass transfer and migration of mantle hydrocarbon-containing fluids into the sedimentary cover, favoring the formation of high heat flow and oil deposits here.

Current research on single-box multi-compartment concrete box girders ignores the effect of the wind field on the temperature distribution of the box girder. Incoming wind has a significant effect on the convective thermal transfer coefficient on the surface of the box girder structure, and affects the temperature field analysis accuracy. In this paper, a single-box three-cell concrete box girder is taken as the research object; the temperature field model of the world’s largest single-box three-cell concrete box girder is established, and a dot matrix temperature field modeling test is conducted. Based on the wind field distribution characteristics of the single-box three-cell concrete box girder, more accurate convective thermal transfer boundary conditions were determined. The model’s temperature field and gradient distributions were validated and compared with traditional methods that neglect wind effects. The results showed a 71% reduction in root mean square error and a 69% reduction in mean absolute error, with the vertical temperature gradient in the web closer to actual conditions. To solve the difficult problem of determining the thermal boundary conditions at different cross sections, a wind speed reduction coefficient model of a concrete box girder with variable cross section and a single-box and three rooms is established, which is linearly related to the aspect ratio of the box girder. The influence of incoming wind speed and box girder geometry on the wind speed reduction coefficient at different cross sections of the bridge is quantitatively evaluated, and the empirical formula for the convective heat transfer coefficient used in previous research is improved.

A numerical investigation of a Reverse Flow Solar Air Heater (RFSAH) with perforated absorber plates is conducted to analyse its thermohydraulic performance. Perforations enhance convective heat transfer by disrupting the laminar sublayer, improving efficiency and reducing energy losses. This study examines three perforation configurations – full, half, and quarter-length – along with hole diameters of 2, 5, and 8 mm. The analysis covers Reynolds numbers (Re) from 5000 to 18,000 using the RNG (k−ϵ) turbulence model. Validation is performed against experimental data for a smooth absorber plate. Results show the highest heat transfer enhancement with a fully perforated plate and 2 mm holes at Re = 5000, achieving a Nusselt number (Nu) increase of 2.281 times and a Thermohydraulic Performance Factor (TPF) improvement of 1.631 times. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of perforations in optimising RFSAH performance.