Control Values Research Articles

Study of the influence of the extract of pipsissewa on cell cultures

The development of new diuretics of plant origin is an actual direction. Chimaphila umbellata (L.) is a perennial herb with diuretic, astringent, analgesic and other effects; and it can treat various conditions such as edema, dropsy, etc. Pipsissewa herb helps the removal of nitrogenous and chloride salts from the body due to the content of arbutin glycoside, tannins (up to 5 %). The aim. Evaluation of the effect of pipsissewa extract on L929 cell culture. Materials and methods. Cell line L929 (fibroblasts of mouse adipose tissue) was obtained in the low-temperature bank of the Institute of Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Cells were cultured in DMEM medium (Bio West, France) enriched with 10 % FBS (Lonza, Germany) with 1 % antibiotic-antimycotic (Bio West, France), in a CO2 incubator (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) at 37 ºС in an atmosphere with 5 % CO2. Determination of the minimum toxic concentration at which the cells remained alive was evaluated by morphological features (shape, monolayer integrity, adhesion to plastic). The study of the effect of pipsissewa extract on various cell functions was determined by the following methods: the ability to preserve morphological integrity - by the phase-contrast microscopy method, energy exchange - by the MTT test method, pinocytotic function - by the neutral red absorption method, migratory function - by the scratch test method, proliferative activity - by the doubling calculation method population Results. It is proposed to use concentrations of 0.05, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005 % of pipsissewa extract for further research. After carrying out the MTT reaction, the transition of MTT to formazan was confirmed microscopically in the negative control (native cells), at PE concentrations of 0.01 % and below, and the absence of a reaction in the positive control (cells killed by ethanol) at PE concentrations above 0.02 %. When recording the parameters of the NP absorption reaction, it was determined that PE at a concentration of 0.02 % and higher sharply suppresses pinocytotic activity, despite the partial preservation of cell adhesion, reducing the concentration by two times no longer affects mitochondria. A concentration of 0.01 % reduces proliferative activity, and at a concentration of 0.005 %, no difference with the control values ​​was found. Conclusions. When studying the assessment of the effect of pipsisewa extract on L929 cell culture, a toxic effect on these cells was established when added to the culture medium at a concentration above 0.01 %. The toxic effect had a threshold effect. Migratory and proliferative functions were the most sensitive, energy, pinocytosis and preservation of morphological integrity of cells were less sensitive

Generalised morality and contemporary fertility dynamics across European regions

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the concept of generalised morality (GM), a cultural trait measured with the values of respect, obedience, generalised trust and control. Since GM drives economic prosperity and the way nations organise their welfare, we investigate how it matters for contemporary fertility trends. We consider the period between 2000 and 2014, when divergent fertility trends in Europe arose and the Great Recession took place. Using Eurostat and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data for 177 regions in 23 European countries, we demonstrate that GM plays a moderating role with educational expansion and when there is a global shock – here the Great Recession.

Analysis of the Variation in Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition upon the Repeated Thermal Treatment of the By-Product of the Red Ginseng Manufacturing Process.

Steamed ginseng water (SGW) is a by-product of the repeated thermal processing of red ginseng, which is characterized by a high bioactive content, better skin care activity, and a large output. However, its value has been ignored, resulting in environmental pollution and resource waste. In this study, UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis were conducted to characterize the compositional features of the repeated thermal-treated SGW. The antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and OH) and chemical composition (total sugars, total saponins, and reducing and non-reducing sugars) were comprehensively evaluated based on the entropy weighting method. Four comparison groups (groups 1 and 3, groups 1 and 5, groups 1 and 7, and groups 1 and 9) were screened for 37 important common difference markers using OPLS-DA analysis. The entropy weight method was used to analyze the weights of the indicators; the seventh SGW sample was reported to have a significant weight. The results of this study suggest that heat treatment time and frequency can be an important indicator value for the quality control of SGW cycling operations, which have great potential in antioxidant products.

Return to the Mental Interpretation of the Nature of Life

Bringing consciousness into the realm of the mind and returning the mind to the essence of life, the core is how to place the self of life. It is necessary to provide answers within the realm of the central intelligence of life and explore its natural realization in order to overcome the difficulty of consciousness. Firstly, in our view, consciousness is merely a common interpretation of the state of the mind, which is essentially integrated into life and contained in life traits. Therefore, the interpretation of the mind should be projected onto the characteristics of life itself and project onto phenomena. Understanding the mind also requires solving some basic problems and establishing interpretation norms: firstly, the basis of argument is to establish three classification concepts for objects in the sense of structure function: non self energy system, self energy system, and quasi self energy system, in order to determine a sphere of existence for life and the central intelligence of life, and to explain the available effects and spiritual phenomena of the mind; Secondly, in order to overcome the problem of the use of names for the detriment of the meaning of the word, issues such as mind and intelligence, mind and brain in mental understanding were distinguished, and the real-life experiences of consciousness were questioned. The problems in the understanding of mind such as mind and intelligence, mind and brain, and traces the reality of what happens to consciousness. Then, a summary statement was made on the occurrence and evolution of life, as well as the spiritual phenomena that arise with the supply and use effect of the mind. From the perspective of availability, based on the biological value of life control, the sense of dependence on motion, the functionality of memory, image and image flow editing, and self reflection and self illumination, the possible abilities of the mind were stated.

Features of Bone Mineral Density, Calcium-Phosphorus Metabolism and Bone Remodeling in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Introduction. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with variable clinical manifestations associated with multiple autoantibodies formation and deposition of immune complexes, and other immune processes. Despite significant advances in treatment, the disease remains disabling, in particular, due to increased bone fragility and low-energy fractures. The study of bone remodeling in patients with SLE should help to improve the therapy and quality of their treatment. The aim of the study. To investigate the features of bone mineral density, calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone remodeling in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Materials and methods. The study involved 123 women with SLE aged 21-51 years. The comparison group (CG) consisted of 25 women without SLE in premenopausal status of the appropriate age. The control group included 25 practically healthy women. In order to study bone mineral density (BMD), dual-energy X-ray densitometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine was performed using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer. For the study of calcium-phosphorus metabolism (CPM), total calcium (Ca), ionized Ca, phosphorus (P) in blood and Ca, P, creatinine in daily urine, as well as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum were determined. Markers of bone remodeling (osteocalcin, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and isomerized C-terminal telopeptide (β-crosslaps) in serum were measured. To achieve the stated goal, the first step included the determination of bone damage prevalence in patients with the diagnosed SLE; the second step was directed towards the characterization the particular bone condition in patients with SLE based on the results of BMD, CPM indices and markers of bone remodeling assessment. Results and discussion. According to the results of DXA of the lumbar spine, 88 (71.54 %) women of the SG and only 8 (32.00 %) women of the CG had a decrease in BMD (p < 0.001). According to the mean values, the studied CPM indices of the SG patients, CG and control group wemen exposed no significant differences. Similarly, no significant differences were detected in the mean values of urinary phosphorus and in between blood PTH values in SG, CG, and control. The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was significantly lower in SG (15.14 ± 0.80 ng/ml) than in CG (19.62 ± 0.46 ng/ml) and control (22.38 ± 1.34 ng/ml) p < 0.05. The mean value of osteocalcin in woman with SLE was significantly lower than in CG and control (11.81 ± 0.49 ng/ml versus 18.61 ± 0.75 ng/ml and 19.28 ± 1.88, p < 0.001). No significant difference were detected in between the mean values of P1NP in SG, CG and control. The mean values of β-cross laps were significantly higher in patients with SLE (0.51 ± 0.02 ng/ml) compared to GC (0.26 ± 0.02 ng/ml) and control (0.28 ± 0.02 ng/ml), p < 0.001. Conclusions. Bone mineral density, calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone remodeling in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have peculiarities as follows: a significant decrease in bone mass in 71.54 % of patients, namely 18, 70 % - grade I osteopenia, 21.14 % - grade II osteopenia, 14.63 % - grade III osteopenia; 17.07 % - osteoporosis, increased calcium excretion, vitamin D deficiency, decreased osteoblastic and enhansed osteoclastic functions.

Judicial leadership matters (yet again): the association between judge and public trust for artificial intelligence in courts

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding in myriad industries and systems. This study sought to investigate public trust in using AI in the criminal court process. While previous research has identified factors that influence trust in AI, such as perceived accuracy and transparency of algorithms, less is known about the role of influential leaders—such as judges—in shaping public trust in new technology. This study examined the relationship between locus of control, anthropomorphism, cultural values, and perceived trust in AI. Participants completed a survey assessing their perceptions of trust in AI in determining bail eligibility, bail fines and fees, sentencing length, sentencing fines and fees, and writing legal documents (e.g., findings and disposition). Participants were more likely to trust AI performing financial calculations rather than determining bail eligibility, sentence length, or drafting legal documents. Participants’ comfort with AI in decision-making also depended on their perceptions of judges’ trust in AI, and they expressed concerns about AI perpetuating bias and the need for extensive testing to ensure accuracy. Interestingly, no significant association was found with other participant characteristics (e.g., locus of control, anthropomorphism, or cultural values). This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the role of judges as influential leaders in shaping public trust in AI and examining the influence of individual differences on trust in AI. The findings also help inform the development of recommended practices and ethical guidelines for the responsible use of AI in the courts.

Etanercept ameliorates chronic mild stress-induced depressive-like behavior in rats: Crosstalk between MAPK and STAT3 pathways and norepinephrine and serotonin transporters

Depression is a serious medical illness characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and lack of interest in daily activities. It can interfere with daily functioning and quality of life. Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of depression remains incompletely understood. The correlation between depression and inflammation has recently attracted considerable attention. This study investigated the potential antidepressant effect of etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor, utilizing a chronic mild stress (CMS) model in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups; one following a non-stressed protocol and the other a stressed protocol for 5 weeks. From the beginning of the third week, rats were treated either with saline daily or with etanercept twice a week (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) or with fluoxetine daily (10 mg/kg, i.p) as a reference. Etanercept exhibited comparable effects to those of fluoxetine in counteracting CMS-induced behavioral manifestation in the forced swimming and splash tests. Etanercept also restored serotonin and norepinephrine levels to control values in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Moreover, the current study verified the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of etanercept. Interestingly, etanercept halted the expression of both norepinephrine and serotonin transporters in stressed rats. This could be attributed to abrogation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) pathways in the PFC. The findings of the present study contribute to the understanding of the potential of etanercept as an antidepressant and provide insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDOCRINE COMPONENT OF PANCREAS AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF N-ACETYLCYSTEINE IN THE MODEL OF ACUTE RADIATION-INDUCED PANCREATITIS

Studies of radiation-induced pancreatic lesions after irradiation with charged particles (electrons, protons) are rare. The effectiveness of certain antioxidants to reduce pancreatic radiation-induced damage is proved. However, the mechanisms of radiation-induced pancreatic damage have not been fully disclosed, and studies of its endocrine component after electron irradiation are rare. The aim of the paper is to assess insulin and glucagon expression in pancreatic islets after administration of N-acetylcysteine in the model of acute post-radiation pancreatitis. Materials and Methods. Wistar rats (Rattus Wistar; n=60) were divided into four experimental groups: Group 1 (n=10) – control; Group 2 (n=20) – fractional local electron irradiation; Group 3 (n=20) – N-acetylcysteine before electron irradiation; Group 4 (n=10) – N-acetylcysteine. All animals were removed from the experiment a week after the last fraction. Pancreatic fragments were prepared for morphological and immunohistochemical (with insulin and glucagon antibodies) studies. Analysis of variance was used for comparison. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed according to the Kruskal–Wallis test and a Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U test. Results. In an immunohistochemical study, a week after electron irradiation (total radiation dosage – 25 Gy), decreased expression levels of insulin (2 points) and glucagon (1 point) were observed compared with the control group. In the group of pre-irradiation administration of N-acetylcysteine, a week after electron irradiation, the number of immunopositive insulocytes (2–3 points) and glucagonocytes (2 points) was close to control values. Conclusion. Seven-day local irradiation with electrons (total radiation dosage – 25 Gy) leads to a decrease in the endocrine activity of insulocytes and glucagonocytes, which is partially preserved after pre-irradiation administration of N-acetylcysteine, indicating its protective effect.

What can be done about workplace wellbeing in emergency departments? ‘There’s no petrol for this Ferrari’

Workplace wellbeing encompasses all aspects of working life. Peak health organisations recognise that poor workplace wellbeing is costly, both to individuals and to the organisation, and the value in promoting healthy workplaces. Workplace wellbeing improves when its barriers are acknowledged and addressed, and protective factors are promoted.The Emergency Department (ED) is a place of intense and challenging activity, exacerbated by high workloads and overcrowding. This impacts negatively on patient care, staff safety and wellbeing.We held focus groups across four EDs to discuss barriers and enablers to wellbeing and found four core themes: Workplace Satisfaction; Barriers to Wellbeing; Organisational Culture that Prioritises Staff Wellbeing; Self-care and Self Compassion. From this, and existing literature, we collaboratively developed a contextualised staff wellbeing framework titled: ‘Staff Wellbeing Good Practice Framework: From Surviving to Thriving, How to Protect your Wellbeing in the Emergency Department’ that emphasises their values of Competence, Connection and Control.

Estimation of Hair Toxic and Essential Trace Element and Mineral Profiles of Patients with Chronic Gout.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate hair levels of toxic and essential trace elements and minerals in male and female patients with chronic gout. A total of 223 examinees aged from 27 to 82years old including 116 healthy controls (64 women and 52 men) and 107 patients with gout (56 women and 51 men) were enrolled in the current cross-sectional study. Analysis of hair toxic and essential trace element and mineral content was performed using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. The obtained data demonstrate that hair B, Fe, I, and Mo levels in gout patients were 67%, 8%, 46%, and 21% higher in comparison to the respective control values. Hair Cr and V content in patients was more than twofold higher than in the controls. Hair Mg and Zn levels were found to be 34% and 11% lower when compared to the respective control values. Hair toxic metal and metalloid content was also significantly affected in gout patients. Specifically, hair Al, As, and Pb levels were 24%, 43%, and 33% higher in gout patients than in healthy controls, respectively. Analysis of covariance demonstrated that sex also had a significant influence on hair trace element and mineral levels in gout patients. Specifically, gout-associated overaccumulation of hair trace elements including was more profound in male than in female patients. It is assumed that trace element dysregulation may contribute to gout development and progression, especially in men. However, further studies are required to elucidate this association and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Loss control regions in optimal control problems

This paper addresses optimal control problems with loss control regions. In that context the state space is partitioned into disjoint subsets, referred to as regions, which are classified into two types: control regions and loss control regions. When the state belongs to a control region, the control is permanent (i.e. the control value is authorized to be modified at any time). On the contrary, when the state belongs to a loss control region, the control must remain constant as long as the state belongs to this region. The objective of this paper is twofold. First, we reformulate the above setting into a hybrid optimal control problem (with spatially heterogeneous dynamics) involving moreover a regionally switching parameter, and we prove a corresponding hybrid maximum principle: hence first-order necessary optimality conditions in a Pontryagin form are obtained. Second, this paper proposes a two-steps numerical scheme to solve optimal control problems with loss control regions. It is based on a direct numerical method (applied to a regularized problem) which initializes an indirect numerical method (applied to the original problem and based on the aforementioned necessary optimality conditions). This numerical approach is applied to several illustrative examples.

Tannic acid inhibits pain mediators, inflammation and oxidative stress in mice exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide.

Chronic exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide (Gly) has been associated with neurological disorders. Tannic acid (TA) is an antioxidant with attenuating action against neuroinflammation-associated conditions. This study evaluated the effect of Gly on pain perception alongside antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of TA in Gly-exposed mice. Male Swiss mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=8): control (distilled water 0.2 ml/kg), Gly (Gly 500 mg/kg), Pre-TA + Gly (TA 50 mg/kg pre-treatment, afterwards Gly-administered), TA + Gly (TA 50 mg/kg and Gly co-administered), Pre-AA + Gly (ascorbic acid (AA) 10 mg/kg pre-treatment, afterwards Gly-administered), and AA + Gly (AA 10 mg/kg and Gly co-administered). Mechanical, thermal, and chemical pain were evaluated six weeks post vehicle/drugs administrations orally, followed by brain biochemical measurements. TA treatment alleviated Gly-induced hyperalgesia in similar version to the values of control and AA groups by increasing significantly (p < 0.05) nociceptive thresholds. Moreover, TA-treatment significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) levels, significantly increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-1β) levels, and antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities compared to Gly-treated mice (p < 0.05). Conclusively, TA treatment exerted antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions, possibly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in Gly-exposed mice. Notably, TA pre-treatment showed a better response than TA and Gly co-administration. We propose the potential neuroprotective and ameliorative functions of TA in Gly-induced hyperalgesia. This merits further clinical research into protective roles of TA against pesticide-related conditions.

Soil Heavy Metal(loid) Pollution Evaluation, Risk Assessment, and Source Analysis of a Mineral Processing Plant

Yunnan Province is rich in mineral resources. Early mining, processing, metallurgy, and other mining activities produce three industrial wastes (waste water, waste gas, and waste residue) causing environmental pollution. Considering the legacy site of a mineral processing plant in Yunnan as the research object, 21 sampling points in the study area and 12 control sampling points in the periphery were set up to determine the contents of the heavy metal(loid)s As, Hg, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cr in the soil. The spatial distribution of heavy metal(loid)s was interpolated and analyzed using Arcmap10.8, and combined with the single-factor index, Nemero Comprehensive Pollution Index, and the health risk assessment method for the heavy metal(loid) pollution status and health risk of the soil were evaluated. The soil in the study area was acidic, with the largest average value of elemental As and the largest percentages of control and screening values. The results of the single-factor and Nemero composite pollution index showed the following trend: As &gt; Pb &gt; Cd &gt; Cu &gt; Ni &gt; Hg. Cd, Cu, and Pb mainly originate from mining and metallurgy and Hg from the combustion of fossil fuels, while soil-forming substrates are the main sources of Ni. Pollution by As was the most prominent element, whereas pollution by Cd, Cu, and Pb in some areas also cannot be ignored to prevent negative impacts on residents. It is recommended to remediate and treat the soil on site for public events; therefore, this study fills the gap in studying potential ecological risks, human health risk assessments, and sources of exposure (oral ingestion, respiratory ingestion, dermal contact).

The effect of strabismus surgery on the dynamic balance in children with strabismus

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effect of strabismus surgery on dynamic balance by using computerized dynamic posturography in children with strabismus. Methods: This study was designed as a prospective observational study. Hearing tests and complete ophthalmological examinations were performed for all subjects. Patients with moderate and severe amblyopia, hearing loss at any level, and/or any suspicion of balance impairment were excluded from the study. Postural stability evaluation was performed by computerized dynamic posturography including sensory organization test, adaptation test, and rhythmic weight shift test. All tests were applied preoperatively and in the postoperative 1st and 3rd months, respectively. Results: Fifteen female and twelve male pre-adolescents aged between 7 and 12 (9.67 ± 1.62 years) were included in the current study. In the sensory organization test, the preoperative visual ratio percentages (73.19 ± 14.95%) improved statistically significantly at the postoperative 1st and 3rd months (78.59 ± 16.21% and 81.44 ± 14.18; p = .026, p = .021, respectively). The preoperative toes up (110.66 ± 33,48) and toes down (81.46 ± 28.36) adaptation tests improved statistically significantly in the postoperative 3rd month (88.74 ± 20.94 and 63.36 ± 16.03; p < .001, p = .001, respectively). In the Rhythmic Weight Shift test, the postoperative 3rd-month directional control (forward-backward) value (74.25 ± 11.51%) was statistically significantly higher compared to the preoperative directional control (forward-backward) value (67.76 ± 11.38%) (p = .011). The postoperative 3rd-month directional control (forward-backward) value (74.25 ± 11.51%) was statistically significantly higher compared to the postoperative 1st-month directional control (forward-backward) value (68.43 ± 14.00%) (p = .028). Conclusion: Surgical treatment resulted in an improvement in the maintenance of dynamic balance in children with strabismus.

Numerical Simulation Study on the Impact of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation on Adjacent Rail Transit Structures—A Case Study

Excavation in foundation pits can result in serious issues for nearby tunnel structures like deformation, differential settlement, and seepage damage, which profoundly impact project timelines and potentially endanger life and property safety. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate these impacts before and after construction and to facilitate timely adjustments of construction measures and reinforcement where possible. In this study, a foundation pit construction project near a rail transit line is employed as a case to comprehensive study the impact of on-site deep foundation pit excavation on adjacent rail transit structures by numerical simulation. A three-dimensional finite-element model of the foundation pit based on site geological characteristics and construction procedures is established to study the excavation and maintenance processes. Through analysis of key parameters including soil deformation, displacement, shear force, and bending moment of the tunnel structures, the designed protective structure is found to have effectively mitigated soil deformation, ensuring the stability of the foundation pit. As excavation progresses, lateral soil deformation and vertical uplift gradually increase but remain within specified control values. During various excavation stages, the maximum displacement of the tunnel structure gradually increases, with the increase rates of maximum settlement being 29.09%, 20.51%, and 6.45%, respectively. This indicates a gradual enhancement of the stability of the tunnel structure. Additionally, excavation of the foundation pit has a significant impact on the bending moment distribution of the tunnel structure but does not affect the axial force and shear force of the tunnel structure. The findings of this study offer crucial scientific insights for evaluating the safety and stability of construction near tunnel structures.

Inhibitory modulation of action potentials in crayfish motor axons by fluoxetine.

The goal of this report is to explore how K2P channels modulate axonal excitability by using the crayfish ventral superficial flexor preparation. This preparation allows for simultaneous recording of motor nerve extracellular action potentials (eAP) and intracellular excitatory junctional potential (EJP) from a muscle fiber. Previous pharmacological studies have demonstrated the presence of K2P-like channels in crayfish. Fluoxetine (50µM) was used to block K2P channels in this study. The blocker caused a gradual decline, and eventually complete block, of motor axon action potentials. At an intermediate stage of the block, when the peak-to-peak amplitude of eAP decreased to ∼60%-80% of the control value, the amplitude of the initial positive component of eAP declined at a faster rate than that of the negative peak representing sodium influx. Furthermore, the second positive peak following this sodium influx, which corresponds to the after-hyperpolarizing phase of intracellularly recorded action potentials (iAP), became larger during the intermediate stage of eAP block. Finally, EJP recorded simultaneously with eAP showed no change in amplitude, but did show a significant increase in synaptic delay. These changes in eAP shape and EJP delay are interpreted as the consequence of depolarized resting membrane potential after K2P channel block. In addition to providing insights to possible functions of K2P channels in unmyelinated axons, results presented here also serve as an example of how changes in eAP shape contain information that can be used to infer alterations in intracellular events. This type of eAP-iAP cross-inference is valuable for gaining mechanistic insights here and may also be applicable to other model systems.

Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus Water Extract Consumption on Blood Parameters and Cytokine Values in Healthy Volunteers

Objective Our aim in this study is, does 29-day regular consumption of Pleurotus ostreatus water extract by volunteer individuals who meet the study criteria have an effect on blood and cytokine values? Method In accordance with the purpose of the study, volunteers were asked to consume 100 ml of the extract every morning for 29 days. Three tubes of blood samples were taken from the volunteers on the 15th and 29th days of the study. Biochemical and hematological analysis of the blood samples were performed and immunomodulatory effects through cytokines were examined. The values obtained from 3 tubes of blood obtained from volunteers before the use of mushroom extract were used as control. The chemical composition and β-glucan content of 100 ml of mushroom water extract were also analyzed. Result IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 could not be detected because the values were below the lowest standard value. TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1β 15th and 29th day values decreased compared to the 1st day (control) values (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference observed between the 15th and 29th day. No abnormalities were observed in biochemical and hematological values. Also, the β-glucan content of extract was found 38.12 mg/100 ml. Conclusion The frequency range of kidney and liver function test results confirmed that P. osreatus is a reliable food source. Considering the cytokine values these results indicate that P. ostreatus water extract has an anti-inflammatory effect. As no significant difference was observed in 29 days of use, it is thought that 15 days of daily consumption of the extract may be sufficient for the anti-inflammatory effect to occur. However, a large number of qualified clinical trials are needed to support the issue.

Effectiveness of use zeolite in vegetable growing in the footdown zone of southeast Kazakhstan

Natural zeolite from the Shankanay deposit is effective for use as an additive to mineral fertilizers when growing vegetable crops in the foothill zone of south-east Kazakhstan. Zeolite added to the soil with mineral fertilizers leads to an increase in the water-physical properties of dark chestnut soil. The water permeability of these options has increased noticeably. The use of zeolite and fertilizers helps to increase the mobile forms of nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The addition of zeolite reduces the concentrations of mobile forms of heavy metals in the dark chestnut soil under study. Thus, the concentration of cadmium in the soil in a 0-20 cm layer under sowing table beets when using 2 tons of zeolite decreased by 50% with a control value of 1.0 mg/kg, which does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration.A positive effect of zeolite fertilizer on the productivity of vegetable crops was revealed, which makes it possible to increase the total yield of table beet roots from 42.8 t/ha in control to 43.3-62.7 t/ha in fertilized variants with an increase in yield from 4.4 t/ha up to 19.9 t/ha. The yield of cabbage was 25.7 t/ha on the control, and increased by 6.5-16.5 t/ha on the fertilized variants. The use of zeolite and fertilizers contributes to the production of vegetables with good and high quality indicators. Application of both zeolite and fertilizers increased the dry matter, sugar and vitamin C content of the studied crops. The amount of nitrates in the products decreased with the addition of zeolite and increased in other variants of the experiment, but did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration. Thus, in the control variant, the nitrate content in cabbage heads was 223 mg/kg wet weight, in the variants with zeolite 2t/ha - 205 mg/kg, in beetroots - 248 mg/kg and 195 mg/kg, respectively.

- Prediction of Serum Neuritin and Neuron-specific Enolase for Prognosis in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury combined with Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract: Serum neuritin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) have predictive value for the prognosis of patients with combined traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). Studying their predictive effects has positive value for disease control and treatment. Sixty patients with combined TBI and SCI were recruited and rolled into three groups according to prognosis: Group I (n=42, favorable prognosis), Group II (n=11, poor prognosis), and Group III (n=7, death). Clinical indicators were compared between the groups, and the predictive value of different indicators for prognosis was analyzed. NSE and serum neuritin levels were considerably higher in Groups II and III than in Group I (P&lt;0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypotension, NSE, serum neuritin, S100β, and combined injuries to other organs were associated with poor prognosis in patients with combined TBI and SCI. The combination of NSE and neuritin had considerably higher sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), and accuracy (Acc) in predicting prognosis (P&lt;0.05). Serum neuritin and NSE have favorable predictive value for the prognosis of patients with combined TBI and SCI. They can be actively promoted in clinical practice

Hydration mechanism and kinetic response of a C4A3$-C2S binary system

The physical properties of C4A3$-C2S (ye´elimite-belite) clinker system will change with the proportion of C4A3$ or C2S, but the effect of mineral proportion change on hydration mechanism is not systematic and unclear. The C4A3$-C2S binary system was established by experiments, and its hydration process was characterized. The kinetic response of C4A3$-C2S binary hydration system was studied by Kondo model. The results showed that the change of design mineral ratio directly affects the hydration process and the hydration mechanism. The experiment and analysis show that when the design mineral ratio of C2S was lower than 65 wt%, the dominant factor of hydration was mainly controlled by nucleation mechanism (The hydration acceleration period is particularly significant), and when the ratio of C2S was higher, it would be controlled by diffusion mechanism. The precise value of the boundary reaction control is between 65 wt% (design mineral ratio of C2S) to 75 wt%. Only when the hydration kinetics of the binary system is controlled by the diffusion mechanism, the CH product can be stably crystallized. The classical Kondo model is suitable for the C4A3$-C2S hydration system.