This article examines the transition to a constitutional regime in the Ottoman periphery by focusing on the 1908 elections and their aftermath in the province of Erzurum. As a frontier province with a diverse demographic structure comprising various nomadic and semi-nomadic groups, Erzurum offers a compelling case for scrutinizing how the promises of the 1908 Constitutional Revolution, namely liberty, equality, and fraternity, unfolded in a local context. This study first analyzes debates over the demographic distribution of deputies and electoral irregularities, as well as their reflection in the press. By investigating specific cases from Erzurum, the article demonstrates the tension between the central authority prioritizing state security and public order, and constitutional rights such as freedom of expression, representation, and the inviolability of privacy. Based on an analysis of Ottoman archival documents and the Minutes of the Ottoman Chamber of Deputies, the article argues that both electoral processes and constitutional rights emerged as contested fields among central authorities, deputies, governors, and the local population.

This article questions whether sub-national movements seeking ethno-territorial empowerment can effectively challenge political exclusion. Examining the cultural, economic and spatial logics that shape ethno-territorial organising, the article discusses the case of the Madhesi movement in Nepal and its campaign for ethno-federalism and political inclusion. The case study demonstrates the power of ethno-territorial identity in enabling cross-class mobilisation to challenge centralised political control and gain greater rights and representation. However, the study finds that ethno-territorial organising is limited if the political interests and economic structures giving rise to a movement undermine its ability to challenge redistributive injustices.

Financial cooperatives (FinCoops) are member-owned organizations; however, formal ownership status does not necessarily ensure that members develop a sense of ownership or actively engage in their ownership roles. This study empirically examines the relationships between members’ formal ownership rights – namely control rights, surplus-sharing rights, access to information, and service quality – psychological ownership, and active ownership behavior. Data were collected from 1004 members across 12 FinCoops in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Using structural equation modeling, the findings indicate that perceived control, surplus-sharing, and service quality positively influence members’ psychological ownership. In turn, psychological ownership significantly and positively affects active ownership behavior. The article concludes by discussing the practical implications of these findings for cooperative governance and directions for future research.

ABSTRACT Inspired by the recent national policy framework establishing the Canadian Employee Ownership Trust, we survey the landscape of broad-based employee ownership (BBEO) in Canada, focusing on the two prominent forms: worker co-operatives and broad-based employee share ownership. We conceptualize BBEO based on two inclusion criteria: the percentage of shares held by employees and the breadth of access to ownership opportunities. We also draw attention to two other relevant factors: the extent of employee control rights and degree of equality of share allocation. We then discuss the evolution and prevalence of the two forms of BBEO in Canada, utilizing limited available data and supplementing with illustrative examples. Finally, we call for an integrated and comparative research and policy agenda that bridges worker co-operatives and broad-based employee share ownership models.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing toward increasingly general and autonomous systems, intensifying concerns about safety, governance, and societal impact. While technical alignment research and regulatory approaches have been widely examined, venture capital (VC) a key upstream institution shaping frontier AI trajectories remains underexplored. This study reveals that venture capital functions as a governance mechanism: by embedding incentives, control rights, and investment time horizons, it systematically shapes documented safety practices, transparency norms, and deployment pacing across frontier AI organizations. An interdisciplinary review is conducted integrating AI governance, innovation economics, and labor-market research, and a VC positioning typology, Accelerator, Guardian, Neutral Investor, and Bridge Builder is developed and linked to observable governance expectations and oversight mechanisms. Comparative case analyses of OpenAI, Anthropic, Google DeepMind, NVIDIA, Microsoft, and Scale AI synthesize publicly documented governance features, including evaluation pipelines, staged-release controls, auditing practices, and disclosure norms. These findings are triangulated with global survey evidence documenting productivity gains alongside risks related to labor disruption, compute concentration, and uneven governance readiness. Because the evidence is drawn from publicly documented cases and secondary surveys, the study advances a conceptual framework and testable governance propositions rather than causal estimates. The review identifies a structural tension between acceleration-optimized investment models and the long-horizon stewardship demands of frontier AI governance, motivating hybrid policy investment approaches that align capital allocation with AI safety and societal resilience.

ABSTRACT Despite the intrinsic connection between food and health, industrialised global food systems produce hunger, malnutrition, and chronic diseases. The Food Sovereignty (FS) movement offers a political-ecological alternative, centring local control and community rights; yet, health remains under-theorised in FS agendas. Drawing on literature and dialogue between the People’s Health and the FS movements around the 3rd Nyéléni Global Forum, this paper advances critical debates on the politics of food-related ill-health and structural inequalities. We examine pathways to strengthen and deepen linkages between FS, collective health approaches, and critical agrarian studies, thereby informing dialogues for equitable and sustainable systemic transformation.

ABSTRACT This paper examines the implications of implementing a comprehensive dividend-based remuneration system for members of worker cooperatives, which could be uniquely linked to the financial position of worker-members as owners of the cooperative’s capital. The alignment of interests between worker members and non-member financial investors is considered a necessary condition for the creation of a cooperative share market. Decoupling the financial ownership of members and non-members from control rights would safeguard the formal and substantive role of the democratic ‘one member, one vote’ principle in mutual aid enterprises from influences arising from share ownership. Various issues relating to the issuance and ownership of cooperative shares are discussed, including their impact on the economic and financial well-being of members, allocation rules, distributive issues, the payment of dividends, as well as the degeneration of the cooperative form of enterprise in the presence of tradable shares.

Purpose Drawing on theories from French social theorists like Lefebvre and Foucault, particularly the concepts of power, “territory” and “boundary,” public spaces can be viewed as a manifestation of the spatial territorialization of power. Public space as a socio-spatial territory often becomes a setting for power contestation. Calls for the “right to the city,” initiated by Lefebvre in 1968 challenge the power relations in space. However, these challenges, primarily concerning the perceptible manifestations of power such as spatial democracy, marginalization, exclusion, diversity and accessibility, perform within the well-established framework of the authorized discourse of power spatiality. They do not call to alter the spatial “boundaries” of power, i.e. they don't challenge the spatial territorialization of power. The paper aims to decoding contestation in public space, with particular attention to the interplay between rights and power dynamics. It introduces a non-capitalist model of public space, that is the traditional Islamic one, as a potential alternative to the existing capitalist model. Focusing on the maps of rights as existed in Islamic societies rather than those of power, the paper explores the spatial structure of Islamic cities, particularly concerning ownership and control. Design/methodology/approach The paper employs a qualitative, non-empirical methodology grounded in content analysis and comparative historical interpretation, drawing on primary and secondary documentary sources, and includes a few urban examples to support its argument. Source selection is guided by clear criteria – relevance, authorial authority and historical significance – and findings are triangulated across multiple materials to ensure interpretive rigor. Findings Contestation over public space in capitalist contexts lies in questions of rights to and within it, its social territorial layer, while the spatial power-based layer of public space remains largely unquestioned. Hence, calls for the “right to the city” become unattainable. The traditional Islamic rights-based model offers a potential alternative to contemporary conceptions of public space. Instead of advocating for “public” public space within modern urban contexts, the open spaces of Islamic cities were structured through cumulative ownership and control rights, a framework that effectively limited domination and mitigated uneven power distribution. Originality/value The paper demonstrates originality in the framework it develops for examining power relations in public space. Drawing on Foucault's and Lefebvre's theories of territorialization, the paper approaches the issue from a unique angle, leading to original insights.

Transparency and the Allocation of Control Rights: Evidence from the 2017 FDA Disclosure Mandate

Indigenous Governance and the Financing of Circular Economy Transitions: A Theoretical Perspective

Venture Fraud

Venture Fraud

Information Sharing and Decarbonization in Eco-conscious Etailing Systems

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how corporate tax avoidance influences investment efficiency and investigate whether family ownership impacts this relationship. Design/methodology/approach Our study focuses on French non-financial companies listed on the SBF 120 over the period 2005–2022, resulting in a final sample comprising total observations of 1,866 firm years. All financial information is extracted from the Worldscope database. All family data, such as voting rights, family identity and family CEO, are collected manually from the annual reports obtained from the Financial Market Authorities website (AMF). To identify whether a company is family owned, we analysed information on shareholders and control relationships mentioned in the reports, particularly the sections dealing with the ownership structure of the firm. We use a quantitative approach to test our hypothesis. Findings This paper examines the impact of corporate tax avoidance on investment efficiency. Based on a sample of French listed firms over the period 2005–2022, our results reveal that tax avoidance decreases investment efficiency. We also find that tax avoidance by family-controlled firms leads to increased underinvestment. We further find that this relationship is non-linear, suggesting that once the level of family control reaches a certain level, the relationship between tax avoidance and investment efficiency turns positive, supporting the socio-emotional wealth theory. Research limitations/implications One limitation of this study is that our findings may not be generalized to other developed countries, as they are contingent upon the unique characteristics of the French context. Practical implications The paper provides two practical implications. Firstly, it warns managers in French companies that tax avoidance may lead to investment inefficiency. Secondly, it provides valuable insights related to various aspects of family firms, specifically their engagement within the French business landscape. Originality/value Our research contributes to the expanding literature on family business research by investigating the impact of family control on the relationship between tax avoidance and investment efficiency. To gain a deeper understanding of the extent to which family control can influence this association, we focus on the non-linear relationship between family firms with excess control rights and the link between tax avoidance and investment.

In national land law, there is the right of state control over land and rights that can be owned individually. In accordance with the provisions of Article 28H paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution, it states that "Everyone has the right to have private property rights and such property rights may not be taken over arbitrarily by anyone." However, in the provisions of Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, it states that land is controlled by the state and is intended for the greatest prosperity of the people. From this provision, there is a crossroads as to when land rights can become private property of individuals and land that can be owned by the state to realize the welfare of the people by revoking land rights for the public interest. The method used in this research is the normative legal research method or doctrinal legal research, namely legal research that positions law as a system of normative structures. The normative system in question is regarding the principles, norms, rules of statutory regulations, court decisions, agreements and doctrines (teachings). This research was conducted using a conceptual approach and a statutory approach by examining all interrelated laws and regulations as well as legal principles and doctrines or views from legal experts. The implementation of Agrarian Reform can be realized optimally if there is political will from the government, support from legislative institutions, separation of interests between officials and business people, support from law enforcement officers, community involvement, availability of needed materials, and optimal preparation related to the implementation of agrarian reform.

This study employed data from non-financial listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share markets between 2000 and 2024 to construct an accrual-based profit-sharing performance sensitivity (PPS) metric. It examines the impact of such PPS on future firm value and introduces dual ownership separation (the gap between control rights and cash flow rights) as a moderating variable. It examines the impact of such PPS on future firm value and introduces dual ownership separation (the gap between control rights and cash flow rights) as a moderating variable. However, separation of ownership and control weakens this positive relationship, albeit with limited statistical significance, while separation itself exerts no significant direct effect on corporate value. The findings indicate that under China’s context of concentrated shareholding and prevalent earnings management, the incentive efficacy of PPS is constrained by governance structures. This study recommends strengthening earnings quality regulation, optimising disclosure practices, protecting minority shareholders, and tailoring compensation contract design to equity structures to enhance incentive effectiveness and corporate value.

Racism is an underlying cause of health inequities and is entrenched in health systems, disproportionately affecting marginalized groups. Advancing health equity requires reimagining health systems to uproot racism from health-related policymaking. Racism, in its systemic, cultural, and interpersonal forms, remains a significant threat to health equity, a barrier to reform, and a public health crisis. This review draws lessons from US social movements-including tobacco control, sexual and gender minority rights, criminal justice reform, civil rights, and reproductive justice-to identify effective strategies for change. Drawing on key theories, typologies, and insights from the literature, we examine how organizing, messaging, and mobilization have shaped narratives, have fostered public will, and have driven policy reform. Prior movements can serve as a guide for the development and implementation of a social change movement aimed at addressing racism in public health.

Due to their biological replicability, seeds pose a significant challenge to the traditional principle of exhaustion of rights, giving rise to issues of territorial conflicts and regulatory gaps in global seed trade. In response, states must establish a system of limited exhaustion rules centered on the control of reproductive rights, constructing a special institutional framework that balances incentives for innovation, public interest, and international coordination. At present, China faces problems in this domain, including legislative ambiguity, insufficient judicial discretion, and weak international coordination. Considering the impact of seeds dual productproduction tool attribute on the theoretical basis of exhaustion of rights, as well as the intrinsic mechanism by which they disrupt the economic reward theory and the implied license theorythereby creating systemic dilemmasa three-dimensional pathway should be developed with limited exhaustion of rights at its core: legislatively, by establishing exceptions for reproductive behavior control rights; judicially, by creating a three-step analytical adjudication framework; and internationally, by promoting the formulation of special and differentiated exhaustion clauses and bilateral recognition mechanisms.

Europe’s green transition depends not only on the deployment of renewables and critical raw materials but also on shaping domestic and international narratives that underpin public support, investment flows, and geopolitical partnerships. This paper argues that ‘information control’ – the coordinated use of digital platforms, strategic communication, and cognitive-warfare techniques – is emerging as a decisive geoeconomic instrument in the global energy transition. Drawing on hybrid-warfare theory and human-rights frameworks, it examines how state and non-state actors deploy disinformation, algorithmic amplification, and platform design to advance or obstruct Europe’s regulatory ambitions (e.g. the European Green Deal). The paper maps key vectors of cognitive influence, including social-media campaigns on nuclear vs. renewables, deep-fake content undermining trust in battery–metal supply chains, and digital blockades of climate finance platforms. It then analyses case studies of hybrid-information operations attributed to China (promoting Belt and Road Initiative funded green infrastructure) and to Russia (sowing doubt over the European Union [EU] energy security). The study assesses the EU’s current defences – digital-literacy campaigns, transparency mandates, and the Digital Services Act – against the core principles of freedom of information and privacy. It concludes with policy recommendations for strengthening ‘cognitive resilience’, including embedding human-rights impact assessments and establishing an EU-level task force on energy-narrative security. This paper contributes a novel perspective by bridging geopolitics and geoeconomics through the lens of information operations, demonstrating that control over the digital ‘battlefield of ideas’ will shape Europe’s capacity to lead the global energy transition.

This paper explores the relationship between family ownership and corporate climate-related disclosure. These empirical findings show that family control is positively associated with higher levels of climate performance, using panel data of 9762 firm-year observations from 2010 to 2022, where climate performance is measured by the Bloomberg Environmental Disclosure Score. A quantitative research design is employed, combining fixed-effects regression models with robustness checks including lagged dependent variables and propensity score matching. This suggests that family firms, due to their long-term orientation and concern for reputation and legacy, may be more inclined to engage in environmentally responsible practices. However, the study also finds that when there is a greater separation between ownership and control—such as through complex ownership structures—the positive effect of family control on climate performance diminishes. In these cases, the misalignment between cash flow rights and control rights may lead family owners to prioritize personal benefits over climate-related commitments. To understand the underlying mechanisms, this study constructs a managerial short-termism index using machine learning-based text analysis. These results indicate that family-controlled firms typically exhibit lower levels of managerial short-termism, which helps explain their stronger climate performance. In contrast, higher separation between ownership and control correlates with increased short-termism, negatively affecting environmental outcomes. This study contributes to the literature by offering new theoretical insights and empirical evidence on how family governance influences climate performance. It also provides practical implications for improving climate-related disclosure in firms with family involvement, especially by addressing the risks posed by control-ownership divergence.