Control Of Coccidiosis In Chickens Research Articles

Control of Coccidiosis in Chickens

Control of Coccidiosis in Chickens

Strategies for the control of coccidiosis in chickens

Strategies for the control of coccidiosis in chickens

Efficacy Evaluations of Robenzidene for Control of Coccidiosis in Chickens

Robenzidene proved to be a potent anticoccidial agent when tested against severe coccidial infections in chickens maintained in batteries and floor pens. In laboratory experiments the drug was tested against inoculations of Eimeria acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mivati, E. necatrix, and E. tenella oocysts. E. praecox and E. hagani were also included in a combined infection tested in floor-pen experiments. No mortality, little (if any) depression in growth rate, and few lesions occurred in chickens medicated with robenzidene. Unmedicated controls showed 86.7% mortality in one laboratory experiment and up to 9.5% in floor-pen experiments. In tests involving lesion scoring and oocyst counts before and after withdrawal of the drug from the feed, both coccidiostatic and coccidiocidal properties were demonstrated.

Sulfonamide Resistance in Chicken Coccidiosis: A Clinico-Pathological Study

Coccidiosis is a disease of great economic importance for the emerging poultry industry of Bangladesh. Sulfonamides have been used extensively for treatment and control of chicken coccidiosis. However, there have been complaints regarding failure of Esb3 ® (sodium sulfachloropyrazine monohydrate; Ciba-Geigy) in treating clinical coccidiosis. Therefore this study was undertaken to examine the degree of sulfonamide resistance of field coccidian isolates. Four groups of 12-day-old chicks were infected with 104 sporulated oocysts of four field coccidian isolates. Each group contains four subgroups containing 8 chicks in each subgroup, among which one subgroup remained as infected untreated control and another 3 subgroups were treated with 30% Esb3 ® @ 1 , 2, or 2.5 g/l of drinking water for 3 consecutive days. The sulfonamide resistance was assessed on the basis of faecal oocyst counts and clinico-pathological findings. There was no significant difference (p >0.05) in weight gain between untreated chicks and the chicks treated @ 1 and 2 g/l. However, a significantly higher (p <0.05) weight gains were noted in subgroups treated with Esb3 ® @ 2.5 g/l. Chicks received treated with 2 g/l Esb3 ® received similar clinical coccidiosis and histopathological changes but little less oocyst counts as found in untreated infected control chicks. Chicks treated with 2 g/l Esb3 ® did not reveal clinical coccidiosis and revealed no or very minimal oocyst counts during the treatment period. But on histopathology, arrested or stunted parasitic stages were found during the treatment period whereas flourish parasitic development with subacute-chronic ulcerative caecitis was evident following withdrawal of treatment. These findings suggest that the drug only cause an arrested parasitic development rather than killing the parasite. Therefore, an alternative to the sulfonamides needs to find out for treating and controlling chicken coccidiosis. Keywords: Chicken; Coccidiosis; Sulfonamide; ResistanceDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4860 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 60-64

The Effect of Coyden Coccidiostat (Containing Clopidol ) on Pullets and Laying Hens

THE control of coccidiosis in chickens through the prophylactic administration of parasiticides in the feed has become a standard practice in practically all commercial poultry operations. The effect of continuing research for the control of avian coccidiosis is evidenced by the many products introduced in the U. S. during the past 20 years to combat this disease.Edgar (1958) lists several properties demanding of a new coccidiostat. Some of these properties include good mixing qualities, efficacy against lesser known intestinal species of coccidia, be palatable, non-toxic, and not adversely affect production or reproduction.Reid and Brewer (1967) compared the efficacy of Coyden® coccidiostat with several widely used commercial coccidiostats in birds inoculated with a mixture of six species of oocysts, including Eimeria tenella, E. necatrix, E. mivati, E. acervulina, E. brunetti, and E. maxima. Stock et al. (1967) tested the efficacy of Coyden coccidiostat against the common species of coccidia…

The Metabolism of 36 Cl-Clopidol (3,5-Dichloro-2,6-Dimethyl-4-Pyridinol) in Chickens

INTRODUCTIONCLOPIDOL (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol) is a new anti-coccidial compound which is being used for the control of coccidiosis in chickens (Stevenson, 1965; Stock et al., 1967). As part of the biochemical studies on this compound a series of investigations on the distribution and fate of the compound within the chicken were undertaken using 36 Cl-clopidol.In an initial study on the distribution of the compound in chicken tissues (Bauriedel, 1964) it was observed that a radioactive compound or compounds were present in the various tissues when the bird was fed a feed containing 0.0125% of the 36 Cl-clopidol.If the radioactivity was calculated in terms of the original compound fed to the bird, the muscle tissue contained approximately 3 to 4 p.p.m. of the compound while the liver tissue contained from 10 to 12 p.p.m. of the compound.When the treated feed was withdrawn from the birds, there was a rapid decrease in…

The Efficacy of 2-Chloro-4-Nitrobenzamide for the Prevention and Control of Coccidiosis in Chickens

COCCIDIOSIS prevention and control persists as one of the major problems which plague the poultry industry. Coccidiostats have been widely accepted and one of a variety of these products is used in most chick starter feeds today. However, since coccidiostats on the market today are not entirely satisfactory and because the list of properties of an ideal coccidiostat is becoming more detailed, there remains a great need for research on the development of coccidiostats for the prevention and control of coccidiosis in chickens.A series of experiments was designed to study substituted benzamides for the prevention of coccidiosis in chickens. Certain benzoic acid derivatives, including 3,5-dinitrobenzamide, were reported as effective for the prevention and control of coccidiosis by Morehouse and McGuire (1957, 1958, 1959). Hymas and Stevenson (1960) found 2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzamide to be effective against coccidiosis in chickens.The present investigation revealed that 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzamide, further referred to in this report by …

The Effect on Production and Hatchability of Feeding Laying Pullets Sul-faquinoxaline at the 0.033 Percent Level

SULFAQUINOXALINE is now in common use for the prevention and control of coccidiosis in chickens. It has also been found of value in fowl cholera prevention and control as reported by Delaplane (1945) and Delaplane and Higgins (1948).Delaplane and Milliff (1948) found that 0.05 percent sulfaquinoxaline fed continuously in mash was toxic for laying birds, but it apparently could be fed intermittently without any difficulty. Delaplane and Higgins (1948) used the drug at the 0.033 percent level in mash fed continuously to prevent the spread of the respiratory form of fowl cholera on a poultry farm. They failed to observe any indications of adverse effects on egg production, fertility or hatchability.This study was conducted to determine the effects on egg production and hatchability of feeding sulfaquinoxaline at the 0.033 percent level under controlled conditions.MATERIALS AND METHODSTwo pens of 110 Rhode Island Red pullets mated with 12 .

Coccidiosis of the Fowl and Calf

Control of coccidiosis in chickens has relied upon managerial measurements and the prophylactic use of coccidiostatic drugs. With the emergence of Eimeria strains that are resistant to these drugs the use and number of commercially available vaccines has increased. In this review various aspects that contribute to the development of coccidiosis are discussed, and an overview of the currently marketed coccidiosis vaccines is presented. Three groups of vaccines can be distinguished based on the characteristics of the Eimeria species included in the products: vaccines based on live virulent strains, vaccines based on live attenuated strains, and vaccines based on live strains that are relatively tolerant to the use of ionophores. These latter vaccines combine the early protective effect of ionophore treatment with the late protective effect of vaccination. The impact of future developments such as recombinant-DNA vaccines and changes in consumer’s attitude towards broiler production are discussed.