Days In Control Group Research Articles

Regeneration of Salivary Gland Defects of Diabetic Wistar Rats Post Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Intraglandular Transplantation on Acinar Cell Vacuolization and Interleukin-10 Serum Level

Objective: To investigate the regeneration of rat’s salivary gland diabetic defect after intraglandular transplantation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (HDPSCs) on acinar cell vacuolization and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). Material and Methods: HDPSCs isolated from the dental pulp of first premolars #34. HDPSCs from the 3rd passage was characterized by immunocytochemistry of CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD45. Twenty-four male Wistar rats, 3-month-old, 250-300 grams induced with Streptozotocin 30 mg/kg body weight to create diabetes mellitus (DM) divided into 4 groups (n=6); positive control group on Day-7; positive control group on Day-14; treatment group Day-7 (DM+5.105HDPSCs); treatment group on Day-14. On Day-7 and Day-14, rats were sacrificed. Histopathological examination performed to analyze acinar cells vacuolization while Enzyme-linked Immunoabsorbent Assay to measure IL-10 serum level. Data obtained were analyzed statistically using multiple comparisons Bonferroni test, Kruskal Wallis, Shapiro-Wilk and Levene’s test result. Results: The highest acinar cell vacuolization found in control group Day 14 (0.239 ± 0.132), meanwhile the lowest acinar cell vacuolization found in treatment group Day 7 (0.019 ± 0.035) with significant difference (p=0.003). The highest IL-10 serum level found in treatment group Day 14 (175.583 ± 120.075) with significant difference (p=0.001). Conclusion: Transplantation of HDPSC was able to regenerate submandibular salivary gland defects in diabetic rats by decreasing acinar cell vacuolization and slightly increase IL-10 serum level.

Four-oil intravenous lipid emulsion effect on plasma fatty acid composition, inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes in acutely ill patients: A randomised control trial (Foil fact)

Data in critically ill patients on the effect of intravenous lipid emulsions (LEs), containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in parenteral nutrition (PN) are scarce and conflicting. This study compared the effects of a four-oil LE (30% soybean oil, 30% medium-chain triglycerides, 25% olive oil and 15% fish oil (FO)) (SMOFlipid®) to those of a 100% soybean oil-based LE in critically ill adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. In this double-blind, randomised study, patients (n=75) predicted to need PN for more than 5 days were randomised to receive either a four-oil LE (Study Group (SG)) or a 100% soybean oil LE (Control Group (CG)). Isocaloric, isonitrogenous PN was administered continuously for 5 days. FO was provided at a dose of 0.09-0.22g/kg body weight. Measurements included biochemical parameters and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score daily and plasma total phospholipid fatty acids (FAs) and cytokine levels on days 1, 3, 6. Days on mechanical ventilation, length of stay and mortality were also recorded. ANOVA was used to compare response variables between the two groups over the time and Pearson correlation was used to measure relationships between continuous variables. 68 patients completed the study (n=35 SG, n=33 CG), with male predominance (66% SG, 56% CG). Average age was 60.8±13.9 years (SG) versus 55.7±14.8 (CG) (p=0.143). The majority were surgical admissions (85% SG versus 91% CG) followed by medical. Plasma phospholipid oleic acid (p=0.022) and alpha-linolenic acid (p<0.0005) increased in both groups. In the SG, plasma phospholipid EPA and DHA increased (both p<0.001), whereas the omega-6:omega-3 PUFA (n-6:n-3 PUFA) ratio decreased (p<0.001). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin decreased in both treatment groups. Considering only the change from day 1 to day 6 there was a bigger decrease in AST, ALT and bilirubin levels in the SG. Concentrations of TNF-α decreased from day 1 to day 6 in the SG, whereas they increased in the CG, but the change was not statistically significant (p=0.112). A significant negative correlation was found between EPA provision on day 3 and the SOFA score (r=-0.4047, p=0.018). Days on mechanical ventilation (1.24±0.83 days in SG versus 0.88±1.63 days in CG, p=0.385) and ICU LOS (9.5±7.09 days in SG versus 10.7±7.6 days in CG, p=0.490) were not different between groups. PN containing a four-oil LE increased plasma EPA and DHA, decreased n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, and was safe and well tolerated. The negative relationship between day 3 EPA and SOFA score seems promising, but EPA intake and effects may have been diluted by enteral nutrition which was started in more than half of patients on day 4. There was no significant difference in terms of other biochemical measurements, SOFA score, length of ICU stay and mortality. More research is needed in this patient population, particularly regarding dose, duration and timing of FO and the effects on clinical outcomes.

Evaluation of magnesium sulfate effects on fetus development in experimentally induced surgical fetal growth restriction in rat

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulfate in the prevention of fetal growth restriction due to the impaired uterine blood supply in the rat model.Methods: A total number of 24 female rats were used in this study. They were mated overnight and randomly divided into control and treatment groups. After anesthesia and incising abdominal midline in day 17 of gestation, the uterine artery was occluded by an atraumatic clamp for 60 min. The rats of the control group received normal saline after surgery and the rats of treatment group received magnesium sulfate subcutaneously. The laparotomy was repeated on day 21 of gestation, and the number of alive and dead fetuses was counted in each horn. The viability of fetuses was evaluated. The weight of the placenta and fetuses and the distance between the head and tail as well as back to the abdomen of the fetuses were also measured. Samples of the amniotic fluid (AF) were collected during both surgeries for biochemical analyses of the glucose, urea, lactate, and pyruvate levels by an AutoAnalyzer.Results: Among the total fetuses in ischemic horn, only 50% survived in the control group. Dead fetuses had less body consistency and had a dark color. In contrary, only 7.6% of the fetuses in the treatment group were absorbed and 92.4% were completely healthy and developed. Parameters related to placenta weight, fetus weight, fetus length, and fetus width had significant differences and those of the treatment group were higher. Glucose and lactate levels of the AF in the treatment group were significantly lower and urea level was significantly higher than the control group in day 21 of gestation. The changes in pyruvate levels were not significant.Conclusion: In conclusion, magnesium sulfate may counteract with the effects of temporary uterine ischemia in pregnant rats and prevent intrauterine growth restriction.

Manipulation Effect on Lumbar Kinematics in Patients with Unilateral Innominate Rotation and Comparison with Asymptomatic Subjects.

Background:Lumbar motion analysis is used as a clinical method in the diagnosis and treatment of low back pain (LBP). So far, no studies have shown if manipulating the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) will change spinal kinematics. Objective:The main objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of SIJ manipulation on the lumbar kinematics in subjects with innominate rotation and to compare lumbar kinematics among experiment and control groups. Material and Methods:This study was a quasi-experiment-control trial study. 21 LBP patients with anterior or posterior innominate rotations in experiment group and 22 asymptomatic subjects in control group were evaluated. Lumbar kinematic variables (LKV) include lumbar range of motion (ROM) and speed, lumbar lateral flexion and rotation asymmetry were evaluated using Qualysis Track Manager (QTM) twice within two days in control group, and these parameters with pelvic asymmetry and disability were tested before and after intervention in the experiment group. Results:While pre-intervention experiment group exhibited significantly lower lumbar lateral flexion (p=0.0001), rotation (p=0.008) ROM and lower lateral flexion speed (p=0.014), post-intervention experiment group exhibited significantly lower lumbar lateral flexion (p=0.01) ROM in comparison with control group. Pelvic asymmetry (p=0.049) and disability (p=0.01) significantly decreased in the experiment group after manipulation, but LKV did not change significantly after the intervention (p˃0.05). Conclusion: Experiment groups had different lumbar kinematics in comparison with control group before and after SIJ manipulation. Despite the changes in pelvic asymmetry and disability, intervention had no effect on lumbar kinematics.

Honey can help in herpes simplex gingivostomatitis in children: Prospective randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial

PurposeHerpes simplex gingivostomatitis (HSGS) in children is a common painful infectious disease. This study aims to examine the combined efficacy of honey with acyclovir suspension compared to acyclovir alone for treating HSGS in young children. Material and methodsThis Randomized double blind placebo controlled study was conducted from June 2015 to September 2017 in a tertiary referral hospital. One hundred children aged 2–8 years with HSGS were randomly classified into 2 groups; study group: treated with honey plus oral acyclovir and control group: treated with oral acyclovir alone. Severity of oral lesions, Fever, eating and drinking ability, pain scores and need for analgesics were compared between 2 groups on day 3, 5 and 7 after starting treatment. ResultsChildren receiving honey plus acyclovir (i.e. study group) had significantly earlier disappearance of herpetic oral lesions; median 3 days vs. 6 days in control group (P = 0.022), drooling; 2 days vs. 4 days (P = 0.030) and eating difficulty; 3 days vs. 8 days (P = 0.001). Study group also had significantly lower pain scores, better eating and drinking ability and significantly less need for analgesics at 3 time-points of assessment. Fever disappeared in both groups with no statistically significant difference. ConclusionsThe combined use of honey with oral acyclovir can produce favorable outcome than acyclovir alone in children with Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.

Observation on clinical effects of recombinant human growth hormone on the treatment of children with severe burn

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on children with severe burn. Methods: Clinical data of 94 children with severe burn, hospitalized in our burn unit from April 2012 to December 2016, conforming to the study criteria, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the use of rhGH, children were divided into rhGH group (n=50) and control group (n=44). Children in control group received conventional treatment, while children in rhGH group received both conventional and rhGH treatment. The rhGH treatment was started 3 to 5 days post injury in dosage of 0.2-0.4 U·kg(-1)·d(-1,) by way of subcutaneous injection, and the course of treatment was (11±5) d. The plasma albumin and prealbumin levels, heart rate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and serum creatinine level in 2 weeks post injury, times of skin grafting operation, hospitalization time, total hospitalization treatment cost, and sepsis and death of children were compared between the 2 groups. Data were processed with independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher's exact test. Results: (1) In 2 weeks post injury, the plasma albumin level [(36±4) g/L] and prealbumin level [(94±34) g/L] of children in rhGH group were significantly higher than those in control group [(33±4) and (73±20) g/L, t=3.666, 3.401, P<0.05]. (2) In 2 weeks post injury, the heart rate of children in rhGH group was (123±11) times per minute, which was slower than (130±14) times per minute of children in control group (t=2.839, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in ALT level of children between the 2 groups (Z=0.868, P>0.05). The blood creatinine levels of children in the 2 groups were within normal range. (3) The times of skin grafting operation of children in rhGH group was 0.3±0.5, which was significantly less than 0.5±0.6 in control group (Z=2.234, P<0.05). The hospitalization time of children in rhGH group was (22±8) days, which was shorter than (28±10) days in control group (t=2.837, P<0.05). The total hospitalization treatment cost of children in rhGH group was (41±15) thousand yuan, which was significantly less than (53±25) thousand yuan in control group (t=2.878, P<0.05). (4) There were 2 cases of sepsis in control group and 1 case of sepsis in rhGH group, with no significant difference between the 2 groups (P>0.05). No children died in the 2 groups. Conclusions: rhGH treatment of children with severe burn can correct post-injury hypoproteinemia, improve cardiac function, reduce the times of skin grafting operation and hospitalization treatment cost, shorten hospitalization time, with no significant effect on kidney and liver function, sepsis, and death.

The Role of Topical Estrogen, Phenytoin, and Silver Sulfadiazine in Time to Wound Healing in Rats

Many recent studies have focused on the potential role of topical agents in the wound healing process. To compare the time to healing of full-thickness wounds treated with topical estrogen, phenytoin, or silver sulfadiazine (SSD), an in vivo study was conducted using 32 male Wistar rats. Animals were housed individually in standard cages in similar environmental conditions, and a single, circular (4 mm in diameter), full-thickness skin wound was created on the dorsum of each rat. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 rats each and treated with topical phenytoin, SSD, estrogen cream, or no treatment/control. Each wound was measured and examined daily until healing, defined as complete reepithelialization and closure of the wound. Group mean healing times were calculated, and Tukey's multiple comparison test was used to compare these data. Average times to healing were 11 days in estrogen group, 10 days in phenytoin group, 7.62 days in SSD group, and 11.87 days in control group. Wound healing was significantly faster in the SSD compared to control (P <.01) and the estrogen group (P <.01). No other differences were statistically significant. Further studies, especially randomized clinical trials on human beings with larger sample sizes, are recommended to elucidate if these topical agents affect wound outcomes.

Evaluation of Enhanced Recovery Program in Liver Transplanted Patients

Introduction The recently proposed benchmarks in liver transplantation have shown, despite excellent patient and graft survival, a not satisfactory postoperative course in terms of length of hospital stay (LOS) and high rates of complications. Enhanced recovery programs (ERP) are widely used across different surgical disciplines and have shown reduced LOS and morbidity. However, its feasibility in the field of liver transplantation has not been established. Herein, we conducted this study to investigate the potential benefits of ERP and whether its application can beat the current benchmarks in liver transplantation. Methods We retrospectively studied all adult liver transplanted patients (≥18 years old) that followed our ERP between January 2016 and June 2017. Patients were excluded from ERP due to following reasons: ICU before transplant, encephalopathy grade III-IV before transplant, complicated surgery, combined organ transplantations, ICU stay >2 days post-transplant and acute re-transplantation. Outcomes were compared with patients who followed a conventional postoperative care pathway meeting the benchmark criteria as defined in the study by Muller et al between January 2010 and December 2015. All patients had a minimum follow up time of 3 months. Endpoints were LOS, readmissions within 30 and 90 days, number and grade of post-transplant complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification within 1-year, biliary complications within 1 year, patient survival and graft survival.Results 69 out of 115 (60%) patients followed ERP and were included to the study group. 222 out of 405 (55%) patients met the benchmark criteria and were included to the control group. Donor and recipient demographics did not differ between the two groups. The ERP group had lower incidence of post-transplant complications (69,0 % in ERP group vs 85,1 % in control group, P=0,011) and shorter median LOS (9 days in ERP group vs 13 days in control group, P<0,001). There were no differences in readmission rate within 30 and 90 days, postoperative complications, patient survival and graft survival. Conclusion Enhanced recovery programme can improve the postoperative course after liver transplantation by reducing post-transplant complication and length of hospital without having any adverse effects. These results may have important implications in refining the postoperative care and improve the current benchmarks in liver transplantation.

Doxorubicin-induced renal inflammation in rats: Protective role of Plantago major.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of Plantago major (P. major) extract against doxorubicin (DXR)-induced renal inflammation in rats. 80 male albino rats were randomly divided into 8 groups as follows: control, DXR, Ext (extract) 600, Ext1200, dexamethasone+DXR, vitamin E+DXR, Ext600+DXR, and Ext1200+DXR. Duration of the study was 35 days and DXR was intravenously injected on the 7th day of the experiment. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression levels were assessed in the left kidney. Serum creatinine concentration and osmolarity were determined on the 1st, 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days of the experiment. DXR caused a significant increase in renal expression of MCP-1 and TNF-α production compared to control animals. Administration of dexamethasone, vitamin E and P. major extract significantly improved the expression of these inflammatory mediators compared to DXR group. Compared to day 1 in DXR group, serum osmolarity showed a significant increase on days 21, 28 and 35. Also, on these days, serum osmolarity in DXR group was significantly higher than that on the same days in control group. In Vit E+DXR and Ext 1200+DXR groups, there was no significant changes in serum osmolarity among different days of the study. However, in these groups, serum osmolarity on days 21, 28 and 35 showed a significant decrease compared to the same days in DXR group. Present results suggest that hydroethanolic extract of P. major protected renal tissue against DXR-induced renal inflammation.

Analyzing the Risk of Appendectomy in Patients With Cirrhosis

Introduction: Cirrhosis is a major cause of hospital admissions, readmissions, and financial expense and mortality. There have been several studies, which demonstrate that perioperative mortality is significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis undergoing surgery compared to the general population usually based on their Child-Pugh score, albumin level, nutritional status, renal and/or cardiac function. Our study examined the mortality and complications rate associated with appendectomy in cirrhotic patients compared to the general population. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for 2010. People who had a diagnosis of cirrhosis in 2010 were identified using the ICD 9 codes. Then people who had an appendectomy during the admission were included. Binary logistic regression statistical testing was used to examine the adjusted odd ratio for the mortality rate. A confidence interval (CI) of 95% and P value less than 0.05 were used to define significance Results: 754 of appendectomy related admissions were identified with 376 having cirrhosis. The mean length of stay was 1.10 vs. 1.52 days for control group and the case group respectively. The inpatient mortality was 0.5% vs 0.3%. In the case group, 2.1% had pneumonia vs. 0.8% in the control group. 0.8% had surgical site infection in the case group vs. 0.2 in the control group. 18% had a diagnosis of UTI in the case group vs. control group. 0.8% in case group vs 0.5% in had postoperative bleeding (Fig. 1-2). Conclusion: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies in USA and it occurs in 7% of the general population with an incidence of 1.1 per 1000 persons annually while it's incidence in cirrhotic population is not well studied. Very few studies found examining the mortality and morbidity of appendectomy in cirrhosis and our study is the largest study focusing on the appendectomy in cirrhotic patients and determining the risk of post operative complications including wound infection, pneumonia, UTI, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, gastrointestinal bleeding and length of stay in 376 patients. We conclude that appendectomy in the cirrhotic population does not have a difference in mortality from the non-cirrhotic population. Also, we found similarities between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic groups in terms of post-operative rate of complications including bleeding and infection.Table: Table. Mortality Rate of Appendectomy in Cirrhosis vs. No CirrhosisTable: Table. Complication Rate of Appendectomy in Patients with Cirrhosis

Randomized controlled trial: Role of glycerin suppository for promoting feeding tolerance in preterm very low birth weight neonates

Background: Feeding intolerance is a common problem in preterm infants delaying establishment of full enteral feeding (FEF). Sustained parenteral nutrition has many disadvantages. To promote feeding tolerance, glycerin suppository is being used. Aims: (a) To compare the efficacy of glycerin suppository versus no intervention in preterm, very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates in achieving FEFs, i.e., 180 ml/kg/day for at least 24 hrs both the groups. (b) Correlation of glycerin suppository with time to regain birth weight, necrotizing enterocolitis, and adverse effects following glycerin suppository. Materials and Methods: The present study is a prospective randomized control trial; study population - 50 VLBW (birth weight between 1000 and 1500 g) or preterm (gestational age between 28 and 32 weeks) neonates randomized to either glycerin suppository group or non-intervention group. Intervention group – glycerin suppository (1 g) once daily from day 2 to day 14 of life or non-intervention along with intermittent oral feeds and standardized care. Results: A total of 58 neonates were assessed for eligibility, 50 randomized to either glycerin suppository group or control group, 19 neonates in both the groups were analyzed for outcome. Mean time to achieve FEFs was 11.57±1.21 days in glycerin suppository group and 11.84±1.25 days in control group which was not statistically significant (p=0.441; RR=0.67; 95% confidence interval=?0.539, 1.079). There was no significant difference observed in secondary outcomes. Conclusion: Prophylactic glycerin suppositories did not reduce the time to achieve FEFs in preterm VLBW neonates in our setting.

The Effect of Myrtus communis L. Syrup in Reducing the Recurrence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most prevalent digestive diseases. Long-term treatment and recurrence of symptoms after discontinuation of medication are amongst its problems. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of myrtle fruit syrup on the recurrence of symptoms in reflux patients after the discontinuance of using a PPI. Methods: This research is a double-blind, randomized clinical study. With regard to withdrawal rate, 45 patients were selected for each group. The trial was conducted at the traditional medicine clinic at tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran- Iran, between November 2014 and March 2016. Diagnosis was conducted on the basis of the Mayo clinic standardized questionnaire. Every individual with heartburn or regurgitation symptoms with frequency of at least once a week was diagnosed as suffering from reflux. Omeprazole 20 mg with fasting as well as myrtle or placebo syrup 5 mL after meal were prescribed. Treatment duration was 6 weeks, after which the medicine was discontinued and patients were evaluated for 2 weeks. The cases in which recurrence of symptoms up to 14 days did not occur were considered as being non-recurrence. Results: Eighty nine people with symptoms of reflux were studied. The recurrence of symptoms was 22 people in treatment group and 27 people in control group with no significant difference (P value = 0.179). Time delay in the onset of symptoms was 9.57 days in treatment group and 6.27 days in control group which had significant difference (P value = 0.027). Conclusions: Although the recurrence of symptoms was lower in the treatment group than in the control group, there was no significant difference. However, treatment significantly delayed the onset of symptoms in quantitative terms. The findings show that further research should be implemented.

Microbiological quality of chicken breast meat after application of thyme and caraway essential oils

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of selected types of antimicrobial essential oils to the various groups of microorganisms during storage of chicken meat. The samples of chicken breast meat were used in the experiment. The number of lactobacilli, Pseudomonas spp., anaerobic plate count and Enterobacteriaceae after application of caraway and thyme essential oils (EO) at concentration 1% v/w in a combination with the ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) solution 1.5% w/w and vacuum packaging were evaluated. The samples were analyzed at 0, 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th day of storage of chicken meat at temperature 4 °C. Another aim was to determine the species of isolated microorganisms from samples of chicken meat by MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry). The number of Lactobalillus spp. ranged from 1.35 log CFU.g-1 in all groups to 3.04 log CFU.g-1 on 0th day to 3.04 log CFU.g-1 on 4th day in control group stored in air. The Pseudomonas spp. was not found in all tested samples at the start of the experiment, the highest number of Pseudomonas spp. was in the control group on 16th day (2.68 log CFU.g-1). Presence of Pseudomonas spp. were not found during storage in groups after treatment with caraway and thyme EO. The values of anaerobic plate count ranged from 2.81 log CFU.g-1 on 4th day in control group with vacuum packaging to 5.19 log CFU.g-1 on 16th day in control group in air condition. The Enterobacteriaceae was not found in all tested samples on 0th day and ranged to 4.46 log CFU.g-1 on 12th day in control group in air condition. From Lactobacillus spp., the most often identified species was Lactobacillus paracasei, from genus Pseudomonas, there were identified Pseudomonas fluorescens in two cases. From anaerobic plate count, there were isolated Staphylococcus warneri from control goup stored in air condition, Kocuria rhizophila from control group with vacuum packaging, Staphylococcus warneri, Aeromonas salmonicida and Aeromonas popoffii from control group treated with EDTA, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus epidermidis from group treated with caraway essential oil. From Enterobacteriaceae, the most bacteria were isolated from control group in air condition and from control group treated with EDTA.

The Clinical Follow-Up of Estradiol Benzoate Priming During Induction of Estrus With Cabergoline in Dogs

Induction of estrus is used to improve reproductive efficiency of female dogs. In this study, 11 adult healthy female dogs were selected at anestrus stage. The dogs were assigned to treatment (6 dogs) and control groups (5 dogs). Single dose of estradiol benzoate was injected in treatment group at day 0 (0.01mg/kg, IM). Dogs in both groups received cabergoline (5μg/kg orally) from day 7 to the onset of proestrus. Vaginal cytology and blood samples were taken twice a week during study. Average time to the onset of proestrus was 10.33 ± 4.2 and 15 ± 7.5 days in the treatment and control groups, respectively (P = .08). The differences in time to the onset of estrus phase in the treatment group (14.67 ± 5.9 days) and control group (18.67 ± 10.8 days) were significant (P < .05). The average length of proestrus phase in treatment and control groups was 5.33 ± 2.2 and 8 ± 4.6 days, respectively and their differences were significant (P < .05). Average length of estrus phase in treated dogs with estradiol benzoate was 8.57 ± 3.5 days but it was 8 ± 4.6 days in control group (P > .05). Administration of cabergoline caused significant decrease of prolactin concentration in both groups (P < .01). The difference in serum prolactin concentration between treatment and control was not significant. The effect of cabergoline on serum prolactin concentration was not affected by administration of estradiol benzoate in treatment group (P > .05). As a result, administration of estradiol benzoate 1 week before cabergoline improved induction and synchronization of estrus in dogs.

The comparison of modified semilunar technique in conjunction with connective tissue and subepithelial connective tissue graft for root coverage: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundGingival recession may result in aesthetically unfavourable effects, difficulty in plaque control, increased susceptibility to root caries, and dentin hypersensitivity.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the use of modified semilunar techniques with connective tissue and subepithelial connective tissue grafts (Langer) for denuded root surface coverage.MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial, fourteen localized recessions of Miller class I to II were treated in 5 subjects. Recessions were randomly treated with modified semilunar techniques (test group) and a subepithelial connective tissue graft (control group). Clinical parameters such as clinical attachment level (CAL), keratinized tissue width (KTW), probing pocket depth (PPD), vertical recession depth (VRD) and recession width (RW)were recorded at base line, 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery and healing index and the subject’s satisfaction was evaluated. The repeated measure test and paired-sample t-test were used for statistical analyses by SPSS.ResultsBoth methods showed significant improvement in clinical parameters. The healing index (HI) in the test group was a slightly more than the control group in Day 10. Aesthetic VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) levels in the test group were more than the control group in 1, 3 and 6 months (test group, in 1 month 6.57±1.13, in 3 month 7.86±1.07, in 6 month 8.00±0.81. control group in 1 month 5.57±1.13, in 3 month 7.00±1.00, in 6 month 7.14±0.90). The KTW, CAL, VRD and RW level’s difference in the test and control group was significant in 6 month compared to the base line (p=0.000).ConclusionsThe present study shows that treatment of Miller Class I and II gingival recession by the modified semilunar technique is acceptable.Clinical trial registrationThe trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) with the Irct ID: IRCT201512021760N43. Date registered: December 27, 2015.FundingThe authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Chemoprevention of Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis by Apiaceae Spices.

Scientific evidence suggests that many herbs and spices have medicinal properties that alleviate symptoms or prevent disease. In this study, we examined the chemopreventive effects of the Apiaceae spices, anise, caraway, and celery seeds against 17β-estrogen (E2)-mediated mammary tumorigenesis in an ACI (August-Copenhagen Irish) rat model. Female ACI rats were given either control diet (AIN 93M) or diet supplemented with 7.5% (w/w) of anise, caraway, or celery seed powder. Two weeks later, one half of the animals in each group received subcutaneous silastic implants of E2. Diet intake and body weight were recorded weekly, and animals were euthanized after 3 and 12 weeks. E2-treatment showed significantly (2.1- and 3.4-fold) enhanced growth of pituitary gland at 3 and 12 weeks, respectively. All test spices significantly offset the pituitary growth by 12 weeks, except celery which was effective as early as three weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in mammary tissues showed significant reduction in E2-mediated mammary cell proliferation. Test spices reduced the circulating levels of both E2 and prolactin at three weeks. This protection was more pronounced at 12 weeks, with celery eliciting the highest effect. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were performed to determine the potential molecular targets of the spices. Anise and caraway diets significantly offset estrogen-mediated overexpression of both cyclin D1 and estrogen receptor α (ERα). The effect of anise was modest. Likewise, expression of CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 was inhibited by all test spices. Based on short-term molecular markers, caraway was selected over other spices based on its enhanced effect on estrogen-associated pathway. Therefore, a tumor-end point study in ACI rats was conducted with dietary caraway. Tumor palpation from 12 weeks onwards revealed tumor latency of 29 days in caraway-treated animals compared with first tumor appearance at 92 days in control group. At the end of the study (25 weeks), the tumor incidence was 96% in the control group compared with only 70% in the caraway group. A significant reduction in tumor volume (661 ± 123 vs. 313 ± 81 mm3) and tumor multiplicity (4.2 ± 0.4 vs. 2.5 ± 0.5 tumors/animal) was also observed in the caraway group compared with the control group. Together, our data show dietary caraway can significantly delay and prevent the hormonal mammary tumorigenesis by modulating different cellular and molecular targets.

Effect of LEDs Light Spectrum on Success of Fragmentation and Growth of Leather Coral &lt;i&gt;Sarcophyton&lt;/i&gt; spp.

The increasing demand for soft corals is reflected on the high attention of the scientific community during the last decades, with several studies focus on production techniques and optimization of coral husbandry. However, coral culture success is influenced by the interaction of different factors, such as water movement, temperature, nutrients, heterotrophic feeding and light conditions. Light plays a key role in the growth, reproduction and physiology of corals that host phototrophic symbionts and it has been found that the photoresponse of corals is species-specific. Several studies have already focused on the effects of irradiance on coral and its algal symbionts. Although, only a few works have investigated the role of the spectral quality of light on coral photobiology, physiology and growth. In the present study, we hypothesize that light spectrum can influence the growth performance of Leather Coral Sarcophyton spp.when exposed at identical intensities of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). To test our hypothesis we evaluated the effect of contrasting light spectra with an identical PAR of 70 ± 10 μmol quantam −2 .s −1 emitted by T8 fluorescent lamps (used as a control treatment) and three different colours of Light Emitting Diode (LED), white, blue and red. It was evaluated survival and growth rates of Sarcophyton spp., an important soft coral in the marine aquarium trade and for the bioprospecting of marine natural compounds. Replicated coral fragments were obtained from two mother colonies and were exposed to the four types of light spectrum for a period of 30 days. At the end of the experiment period, the results showed 100% of survival in coral fragments, and specific growth rate (SGR) of 0,055 ± 0,09%/day in control group and 0,091 ± 0,019 %/day, 0,210 ± 0,031%/day and 0,380 ± 0,245%/day in, white, blue and red light, respectively. Moreover, in all treatments at end of experiment the zooxanthellae density was ±, ± and ± for white, blue and red light spectrum, respectively showing that all light promotes conditions for zooxanthellae growth. The results also showed a positive role of use a specific light spectrum in coral growth, namely blue and red spectrum. The use of light with specific light spectrum that increasing the growth and health of corals will minimizing the production costs, increasing the feasibility of ex situ production of ornamental corals and this study identify the best LED`s light spectrum for the growth of the leather coral Sarcophyton spp.

Early removal versus conventional removal of nasogastric tube after abdominal surgery: a prospective randomized controlled study

Background: Post-operative nasogastric decompression was introduced by Levin’s in 1926 and is intended to drain secretions and gas from the upper gastro-intestinal tract, thereby reducing vomiting, abdominal distension, abdominal discomfort, to prevent anastamotic leak and wound dehiscence. Methods: The current study was carried among all patients of abdominal surgeries that were conducted in S.N. Medical College and H.S.K. Hospital and Research Centre, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India. Among the total sample of 100 cases, patients undergoing abdominal surgeries nasogastric output, absence of emesis and no increasing abdominal discomfort were randomized into two groups. Results: In the current study majority of the patients (79%) were in the age group of 21 - 60 years and male to female ratio is 2.3:1. The patients in study group tolerated the first feed earlier as compared to the control group. The mean duration of hospital stay was 8 days for study group and 10.5 days for control group (p=<0.0001). Conclusions: That it is safe to remove nasogastric tube early (within 24 hours) in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. Early nasogastric tube removal and early oral feeding thus follows the principle of achieving anatomical and physiological continuity heralding early recovery.

P3.02c-009 Anti-VEGF and Anti-EGFR Reduce Malignant Pleural Effusion and Morbidity in an Experimental Adenocarcinoma Model: Topic: Targeted Therapy

Lung cancer is a main cause of death by cancer worldwide and adenocarcinoma the most common cell type. Most of patients present pleural effusion at an advanced stage of the disease with high morbidity and mortality, however its pathogenesis is still poorly understood and therapeutic options are limited. Objective: Evaluate the effects of intrapleural anti-VEGF and anti-EGFR in malignant pleural effusion induced in an experimental model. One hundred and twenty C57BL/6 mice received intrapleural injection of 0.5x105 of LLC cells and were divided into four groups that received, after 3, 7, 10 and 14 days, anti-VEGF, anti-EGFR, anti-VEGF+anti-EGFR or PBS (control) intrapleurally. Ten animals for each group were followed until death to evaluate the survival curve. Eighty animals were euthanized after 7, 10, 14 or 21 days after LLC injection and had weight (g), mobility (score 0-3), pleural fluid volume evaluated. Presence of tumor in pleura and pericardium, inflammatory cells in lung parenchyma, histological changes in kidney, liver and spleen and tumor apoptosis (TUNEL) and proliferation (PCNA) were evaluated by score (0-4). Statistical analysis: One Way ANOVA, Kaplan–Meier curve, p<0.05. In the survival analysis, pleural carcinomatosis was lethal showed maximum survival of 25 days without statistical differences among groups (p=0.739). Reduction of body weight mice was observed in all groups after 21 days (p<0.05). However, the animals mobility was better in the groups that received anti-EGFR (p=0.026). The fluid volume was higher in all control groups no matter the study time (p=0.010). Tumor implants in the pleura were more evident in control groups compared to treated groups after 14 days (p=0.001). Neoplastic infiltration of lung parenchyma was observed only in a few animals. However, lung parenchymal inflammation was minimal in all groups. Histological evaluation of pericardium and heart muscle showed tumor implants mainly in the 21-day in the control group. In liver and kidney steatosis were observed after 14 days in control group (p<0.001). Hyperplasia of the white pulp of the spleen was observed at all evaluation time points with greater evidence at 21-day in the control group (p<0.001). High scores of apoptosis and lower scores of tumor proliferation were observed in the groups that received treatment with anti-EGFR and anti-VEGF+antiEGFR. In this experimental model, the target therapies reduced significantly the pleural fluid volume, morbidity and histological parameters mainly in the therapies with EGFR, although its action did not increased the survival of the animals.

Abstract PR141

Background & Objectives: There is a paucity of literature with regard to intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in children. The present study aims to find out the utility of ICP monitoring in children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Materials & Methods: Medical records of children of one to 12 years admitted to neurointensive care unit with severe TBI over a period of two years were reviewed. The children were divided into two groups (Study Group: ICP monitored and Control Group: ICP was not monitored). Admission demographics, vital parameters, computed tomographic (CT) scan findings were recorded. In the study group, date of ICP catheter insertion/removal with ICP values and treatment for increased ICP, was noted. Data on tracheostomy, duration of mechanical ventilation, hospital stay, outcome at-discharge, were noted. Appropriate statistical analysis was done. Results: Demographic variables were comparable in between the two groups. When adjusted for death, there was no significant difference in median duration of mechanical ventilation [35(95%CI 12–73) days in study group vs 55(95%CI 29–55) days in control group; p=0.96], hospital stay [36(95%CI 12–73) days in study group vs 58(95%CI 29–58) days in control group; p=0.96]; time to tracheostomy was 6(95%CI 5–8) days in study group vs 5(95%CI 4–7) days in control group (p=0.49). Mortality rates, incidence of cranial surgeries, outcome at discharge were comparable in both the groups. Age at admission and initial GCS 3–5 were the only predictors significant for outcome at discharge on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: In this study, ICP monitoring was safely carried out in children with severe TBI. However, this monitoring did not reduce the incidence of death, cranial surgeries, duration of mechanical ventilation, hospital stay, or improve the outcome at discharge, when compared to similar group of children who were managed without ICP monitoring. The GCS score and age at admission were the main predictors of outcome at discharge. Disclosure of Interest: None declared