A stretchable continuous glucose monitor for skin-conformable wound management.

Continuous monitoring of the concentration of biomarkers is a crucial step forward to capture time-dependent changes in early stage diagnostics. A novel class of continuous monitoring sensors relies on low-affinity interactions that are probed at the single-molecule level. Nevertheless, integration of multixplexing capabilities remains a tremendous challenge, despite its promise to provide more accurate diagnostics that will allow for early intervention. Here we demonstrate a multiplexed biosensor capable of continuous monitoring using single-molecule plasmon-enhanced fluorescence. Unfortunately, plasmon-enhancement of fluorescence not only leads to increased signal brightness but also causes strong reshaping of the dye's emission spectrum. This has prohibited multiplexing that is most commonly implemented using multiple fluorophores of different colors. Here we overcome this barrier by experimentally quantifying the spectral reshaping as a function of the plasmon wavelength and linewidth. Using this knowledge we present a new spectral demixing approach that recovers the intrinsic dye spectrum from the spectrally distorted plasmon-enhanced spectrum. This enables the recovery of the intrinsic emission peak with a 2-fold improved precision despite the spectral distortion. We then demonstrate the use of spectral demixing for single-molecule biosensing where we show the multiplexed and continuous monitoring of two nucleic acids simultaneously. The approach enables the use of a single laser line for multicolor sensing while providing a high signal-to-noise ratio to enable cost-effective and multiplexed monitoring of biomarkers.

Perioperative glucose monitoring traditionally relies on intermittent point-of-care (POC) testing, whereas continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) enables real-time glucose assessment with automated alerts for dysglycaemia. CGM remains understudied in hospitalised surgical patients with diabetes. This protocol outlines a clinical trial designed to evaluate the effect of CGM on achieving normoglycaemia in surgical patients with diabetes. A multicentre, two-group, randomised controlled trial (NCT06314061). Eligible patients are adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes undergoing surgery lasting more than 45 min with an expected hospital stay of at least one night. Patients in the intervention group will be monitored using CGM (Dexcom G7, Dexcom Inc., CA, USA) with active alerts for hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia for up to 10 days after surgery during hospitalisation. Patients in the control group will wear a CGM device with glucose values and alerts concealed from the patient and clinical staff. All patients will receive routine diabetes care, including intermittent POC glucose testing, in addition to CGM. The primary outcome is CGM time-in-range between 6.0 and 10.0 mmol/L. Secondary outcomes include the frequency and cumulative duration of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia as well as postoperative complications. A sample size of 200 patients will allow 90% power to detect a 15% relative difference in the primary outcome between groups, with an expected 10% dropout. To ensure standardised use of CGM and to support clinical decision-making during the trial, a trial-specific guideline has been developed, integrating CGM with insulin treatment and POC tests. The guideline recommends intervention for glucose levels < 5.0 mmol/L when trending downward. For CGM glucose levels > 10.0 mmol/L, rapid-acting insulin may be administered according to a sliding scale regimen rather than delaying treatment until the next scheduled POC test. This randomised controlled trial will provide clinical evidence for CGM use by clinical staff to enhance perioperative glycaemic control in surgical patients with diabetes. NCT06314061.

Heart failure (HF) is a major public health challenge, contributing to high morbidity, mortality, and significant economic burden worldwide. Early diagnosis and accurate risk stratification are critical for improving patient outcomes and guiding clinical decisions. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a well-established blood biomarker of ventricular overload, widely used for diagnosing HF and assessing its severity. Beyond diagnosis, NT-proBNP provides valuable prognostic insights into treatment response and can predict adverse cardiovascular events, such as HF-related hospitalizations and mortality, thus playing a key role in personalized care and therapeutic management. Despite its clinical significance, current CE/FDA-certified methods for NT-proBNP measurement face critical limitations, particularly in point-of-care settings and for ongoing, minimally or non-invasive monitoring. These constraints hinder the ability to perform remote (e.g. community medical clinic) monitoring-a crucial capability for revolutionizing heart failure management. To address this challenge, we report the development and proof-of-concept validation of an ultrasensitive (compared to gold standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays), miniaturized electrochemical biosensor for fast and minute sample detection of NT-proBNP in tears from a well-characterized cohort of heart failure patients. Correlation analysis of NT-proBNP concentrations in tear fluid and blood plasma/serum, together with key clinical parameters, demonstrates that tear fluid is a promising non-invasive matrix for heart failure diagnosis and continuous monitoring in point-of-care settings. This approach provides a transformative pathway to advance heart failure management by enabling remote, point-of-care diagnostic monitoring outside of centralized hospitals and laboratories.

Age-specific assessment of annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk from radon in tap water of Mueang Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.

From water and sediment to seafood: Heavy metal contamination and human health risk in wild and cultured oysters from a developing coastal region.

Implementing multi-modal nursing strategies to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections in adult inpatients: a scoping review.

Wearable microneedle sensors for continuous interstitial fluid monitoring.

The ability to continuously monitor key biomarkers is crucial for advancing personalized medicine and enabling early disease intervention. Potassium ions (K+) play a vital role in neural signaling, cardiac function, and sensory processing, particularly in the cochlea, where potassium imbalances are linked to disorders such as Ménière's disease. However, existing diagnostic methods cannot monitor K+ in the inner ear in real time, limiting insight into the ionic mechanisms that underlie auditory function and related disorders. This study presents a miniaturized potassium-selective biosensor, incorporating a stable reference electrode, for continuous and real-time monitoring of K+ dynamics in the inner ear. The sensor underwent extensive benchtop validation, demonstrating high sensitivity (⁓52.8 mV/dec), a broad linear range (10-5-10-1mol/L), a limit of detection of 10-5·16mol/L, strong selectivity coefficients (-2.62 for Na+, -4.10 for Mg2+, and -3.85 for Ca2+), and excellent stability over two months. In-vivo experiments in a guinea pig model confirmed the biosensor's capability to track dynamic potassium fluctuations under physiological conditions, such as responses to controlled potassium administration. These findings establish the feasibility of real-time K+ monitoring in the cochlea, providing a valuable tool for studying auditory physiology, understanding potassium regulation in the inner ear, and advancing targeted diagnostics and treatments for inner ear disorders.

One of the challenges in real-time monitoring of airborne alpha-emitting radionuclides using Continuous Air Monitors (CAMs) is to discriminate alpha particles emitted by artificial radionuclides from those emitted by natural radionuclides, as the alpha energy spectrum is easily degraded due to its high stopping power. Although the measurement geometry significantly affects the alpha energy spectrum, there are no reports that have investigated the optimized geometry. This study conducted a Monte Carlo simulation to optimize the measurement geometry of the CAMs. The CAM was modelled using a radiation transport simulation code, and the counting efficiencies for 218 Po and 239 Pu and the overlapping ratio were simulated. The Minimum Detectable Concentration (MDC) of 239 Pu was then estimated as an indicator to optimize the geometry. Although a constant counting efficiency is generally used for the same geometry regardless of the alpha energy, the counting efficiency differed up to ∼0.04 by the alpha energy depending on the measurement geometry. The overlapping ratio for a 50-mm diameter detector ranged from 0.22–0.35, while those for a 25-mm diameter detector was below 0.25. This discrepancy is because of the incident angle distribution biased towards large angles. The lowest MDC was estimated to be ∼3 Bq m -3 at 20 L min -1 under 25 Bq m -3 of 218 Po. The MDC was low for small filter diameters and Filter-to-Detector Distances (FDDs) under most of the simulated conditions. The results indicate that a shorter filter diameter and FDD would be preferable for alpha spectrometry under normal air pressure. • Measurement geometry of continuous air monitors was optimized. • Counting efficiency differed by the alpha energy depending on the geometry. • Biased incident angle distribution resulted in high overlapping ratio. • Short filter diameters and filter-to-detector distances would be preferred.

Hand-intensive work is associated with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), highlighting the need to estimate external forearm loads. Surface electromyography (sEMG) with muscle-specific placements enables continuous load monitoring but has notable limitations. This study evaluated a novel through-forearm sEMG placement against traditional extensor and flexor placements for estimating force and perceived exertion during hand-intensive tasks. Sixteen participants performed four tasks at five exertion levels. sEMG signals, self-rated exertion, and exerted force were recorded. Polynomial mixed-effects models estimated self-rated exertion and exerted force, while correlations between sEMG placements were analyzed. All sEMG placements predicted exertion and force with strong fit (R2>0.95) and high precision. Through-forearm sEMG slightly outperformed extensor and flexor placements and was closely correlated with their signals. Through-forearm sEMG offers marginally better performance for exertion estimation in manual tasks. Further research should explore individual calibration and task-specific methods for broader applications.

Cardiovascular responses to a 3-minute Harvard step test in Paediatric competitive athletes.

Utility and Prognostic Implications of Continuous Electroencephalogram Monitoring in Pediatric Intensive Care.

Modeling strategies for CGM data: A scoping review of mechanistic, machine learning, and hybrid approaches in diabetes management.

Drone scheduling optimization for continuous sea area monitoring

This paper critically reviews existing work in sensor-based emotional dysregulation monitoring to support caregivers of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A systematic literature search was conducted across six databases (Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, ACM Digital Library, Web of Science, and PubMed) covering publications from January 1, 2016, to September 30, 2025. Thirty-two studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 27 focused on sensor-based emotional dysregulation detection and 5 addressing intervention or support mechanisms. These studies suggest that sensor-based technologies have potential for continuous physiological monitoring, facilitating early detection and intervention to support emotional dysregulation episodes. Critical deficiencies were identified in real-time alerting capabilities, autonomous intervention deployment, self-regulation framework integration, system reliability, long-term sustainability, user interface design, and cross-environment scalability. There is a significant need to develop real-time emotion monitoring systems to empower caregivers in delivering timely, targeted interventions for individuals diagnosed with ASD. Future research should prioritise the development of real-time alert systems, autonomous intervention protocols, and solutions optimised for reliability, sustainability, usability, and adaptability across heterogeneous care settings.

Looseness monitoring of multi-bolt connection using acoustic emission.

Microplastics in a mosaic of Marine Protected Areas from southeastern Brazil: An assessment based on filter-feeding bivalves.

Effective diabetes management is increasingly shifting toward minimally invasive technologies that enable frequent and reliable assessment of glucose levels in interstitial fluid (ISF), enabling more informed and patient-centered monitoring. However, current approaches to glucose detection rely heavily on invasive blood-based glucometers or complex wearable devices for continuous monitoring. This study introduces a complete biosensing system using a novel swellable biocompatible microneedle (MN) array combined with chemically modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). Optimization of ISF collection was achieved using a customized applicator with variable vibration, which resulted in ISF uptake of 6.55±0.47μL (0Hz) and 7.06±0.44μL (100Hz) within 5min of application. The Prussian Blue/chitosan-SWCNT/GOx/Nafion-modified SPE shows excellent sensitivity of 12.26μAmM-1 cm-2, a detection limit of 0.08mM, and high selectivity against common ISF interferents. In vitro and ex vivo validation across clinically relevant glucose concentrations showed strong linearity (R2=0.989 and 0.978, respectively), with recovery exceeding 70% in vitro and 50% ex vivo compared with a commercial glucometer. This minimally invasive MN SPE platform enables reliable glucose quantification from microliter ISF volumes and shows strong potential for future multi-biomarker, point-of-care monitoring.

Assessment of hydrogen sulfide exposure in shoreline cleanup workers during the 2025 Atlantic Sargassum bloom.