Context Of Processes Research Articles

Activation patterns in male and female forebrain circuitries during food consumption under novelty.

The influence of novelty on feeding behavior is significant and can override both homeostatic and hedonic drives due to the uncertainty of potential danger. Previous work found that novel food hypophagia is enhanced in a novel environment and that males habituate faster than females. The current study's aim was to identify the neural substrates of separate effects of food and context novelty. Adult male and female rats were tested for consumption of a novel or familiar food in either a familiar or in a novel context. Test-induced Fos expression was measured in the amygdalar, thalamic, striatal, and prefrontal cortex regions that are important for appetitive responding, contextual processing, and reward motivation. Food and context novelty induced strikingly different activation patterns. Novel context induced Fos robustly in almost every region analyzed, including the central (CEA) and basolateral complex nuclei of the amygdala, the thalamic paraventricular (PVT) and reuniens nuclei, the nucleus accumbens (ACB), the medial prefrontal cortex prelimbic and infralimbic areas, and the dorsal agranular insular cortex (AI). Novel food induced Fos in a few select regions: the CEA, anterior basomedial nucleus of the amygdala, anterior PVT, and posterior AI. There were also sex differences in activation patterns. The capsular and lateral CEA had greater activation for male groups and the anterior PVT, ACB ventral core and shell had greater activation for female groups. These activation patterns and correlations between regions, suggest that distinct functional circuitries control feeding behavior when food is novel and when eating occurs in a novel environment.

Meta-learning with deep flow kernel network for few shot cross-domain remaining useful life prediction

Reliable prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL) is important for improving maintenance efficiency, equipment availability, and avoiding catastrophic accidents in complex industrial systems. Existing RUL prediction models have made some contribution, relying mainly on a large amount of degraded data with similar patterns or approximate distributions. However, in practical industrial systems, only a small amount of labeling data is usually available, which may also come from different devices and different working conditions, resulting in different distributions in the degraded data. This situation makes the existing RUL methods difficult to achieve satisfactory generalization performance. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel Meta-Learning with Deep Flow Kernel Network (MetaDFKN) model for RUL prediction under the few shot and cross-domain conditions. The model first learns kernel features in a data-driven manner and considers them as latent variables to improve the model’s representative ability of shared knowledge between tasks. Then, we introduce the conditional normalized flow technique to infer richer posterior distributions in the kernel features, which helps to obtain feature information with stronger discriminative power. Moreover, shared knowledge and task-specific information are integrated into the contextual inference process, which can mine the dependencies of related tasks and capture richer domain information. Finally, to evaluate the proposed model, we conduct extensive experiments on engine and bearings degradation data, and the results verify the superiority of the model.

Addressing challenges faced by young refugees in the Netherlands: Adapting problem management plus (PM+) with an emotional processing module.

Young refugees face numerous challenges before, during, and after their journey, leading to higher rates of mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. These problems often remain untreated due to barriers like limited services, stigma, and varied distress expressions. One effective scalable intervention that bridges this treatment gap is problem management plus (PM+), a transdiagnostic program delivered by trained nonspecialists. However, PM+ lacks a module directly targeting posttraumatic stress, which is a common problem in young refugees. This study presents the cultural and contextual adaptation process of PM+ for young refugees in the Netherlands that includes a newly developed emotional processing module. Qualitative data collection included free list interviews with youngsters (n = 33), key informant interviews with professionals (n = 9), policymakers (n = 5), key people from communities (n = 10), focus group discussions (n = 11) and one focused interview. A new module targeting distressing memories was developed and reviewed by experts (n = 14). Results supported protocol adaptations, including culturally and age-appropriate language, examples, illustrations and length. This research aims to develop feasible, culturally sensitive mental health interventions tailored to the unique needs of young refugees.

More Than Maintaining Competence: A Qualitative Study of How Physicians Conceptualize and Engage in Lifelong Learning.

Physicians have a professional responsibility to engage in lifelong learning. Some of this lifelong learning is required to maintain licensure and certification. Yet, this conceptualization captures only a small portion of the content areas and learning processes that physicians need to engage with to ensure quality patient care. Additionally, purposes beyond regulatory requirements and professional obligations likely drive physicians lifelong learning, though these purposes have not been explored. Given the centrality of lifelong learning to quality patient care, our study explores how physicians conceptualize and engage in lifelong learning. We conducted a qualitative interview study using an interpretivist approach. In 2019, we recruited 34 academic physicians from one institution. We analyzed our data to identify themes related to conceptualization of purposes, content areas, and processes of lifelong learning and actual lifelong learning practices. We interpreted participants' descriptions and examples of lifelong learning as serving three purposes: maintaining competence, supporting personal growth and fulfillment, and engaging in professional stewardship. Much of participants' discussion of lifelong learning centered around keeping up to date with medical knowledge and clinical/procedural skills, though some also mentioned efforts to improve communication, leadership, and teamwork. Participants engaged in lifelong learning through contextual, social, and individual processes. Academic physicians engage in lifelong learning for reasons beyond maintaining competence. Medical knowledge and clinical/procedural skills receive most attention, though other areas are recognized as important. Our findings highlight opportunities for a broader, more comprehensive approach to lifelong learning that spans all areas of medical practice.

ЗМІНА МОДЕЛІ РОБОТИ ЧАТ-БОТІВ У СФЕРІ ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ КЛІЄНТІВ

In modern business, customer support stands as a pivotal element for successful client servicing. The operation of customer support involves providing assistance and resolving client issues regarding company products or services. In the current simplified model, the efficacy of technical support agent searches generally surpasses that of chatbots or human assistance. Filtering internal staff-only articles from those intended for clients poses a challenge, necessitating complex implementations that not all companies may afford. Previous-generation chatbots have shown limited effectiveness in replacing humans due to varying client articulations, necessitating human intervention. Conventional chatbots offer limited options: information retrieval based on client queries, problem narrowing through additional inquiries, and sending tailored instructions. However, maintaining and updating knowledge for both internal staff and clients poses resource-intensive challenges for large companies. An alternative emerges with LLM-based chatbots, automating communication with users via chat interfaces. LLM chatbots enhance speed and efficiency, reduce personnel costs, and ensure 24/7 client service. Yet, they require con- stant knowledge updating and careful handling to address a spectrum of issues effectively. Notably, LLM chatbots can handle complex articles, gathering step-by-step instructions from various sources. Still, undocumented issues or incorrect solutions may necessitate human assistance. The primary functional difference between LLM chatbots and conventional ones lies in their contextual and linguistic processing capabilities, making communication with LLM chatbots akin to human interaction. Despite advancements, the nuances of context and language remain pivotal for effective client servicing, particularly in technical support scenarios. Future exploration in this direction should focus on optimizing knowledge management and enhancing LLM chatbot capabilities for improved client satisfac- tion and operational efficiency."

Awrah and Women's Clothing: Reinterpretation of Islamic Texts in Indonesian Contexts

The concept of Awrah among Indonesian Muslims undergoes a process of contextualization and adaptation to local culture. This article focuses on the understanding of the ulemas about Awrah based on the interpretation of Al-Quran and Hadith texts which have implications for the practice of women's clothing. By using a qualitative approach, data obtained from online media and interviews. This article shows that the models, forms and trends of women's clothing influenced by multiple interpretations of Islamic texts, which are not only influenced by religious understanding, modernity, local traditions but also the context of the relationship between Islam and the state. There has been a shift in the reasons women cover their private parts from piety and obedience in religion; security, comfort and tranquility; then a lifestyle. External factors that influence women to cover their awrah are due to the family and friends, as well as maintaining local traditions. Interestingly, women who choose not to cover their awrah have the support of religious prominent, with argumentation personally and religiously. There are attempts to reinterpret the spirit of Awrah which does not only focus on women's clothing, but includes issues of ethics, morals, decency and protection of women.

Contextual Weaning Process for 3–4-Year-Old Playgroup Students

This study describes the weaning process for students who are still attached to their parents or caregivers at the start of learning in play groups using contextual learning and describes the factors that influence it. Qualitative descriptive research with the subjects of school principals, teachers, students, and parents in Kemuning Kepanjen playgroup, through the process of observation, interviews, and documentation analysis. The results of the research show that the strategy for weaning students using contextual learning media and infrastructure in a fairly complete learning environment. The chronology of the weaning process is: (1) preparation, (2) weaning process and (3) follow-up. This strategy is supported by quite complete outdoor media, good communication and socialization patterns, participation and support of parents in the environment around the school. The factors that influence the weaning process are (1) early childhood socialization, (2) the initial process of introducing learning to the environment, (3) effective communication patterns between teachers and parents, (4) teacher's strategies during early learning, and (5) media infrastructure that is complete, safe, and easily accessible. There were no significant obstacles in the weaning process, apart from variations in the communication between teachers and parents, and the conditions that were there were interrelated

Muslim-Christian and Missiological Discourses on Cultural Identity in Maluku, Eastern Indonesia

Abstract This article is an imaginary dialogue that is critical of the thoughts of Arnold N. Radjawane, theologian and pastor of the Protestant Church of Maluku (GPM). This is shown in one of the articles he wrote in the 1960s. For some Muslim clerics in Maluku, the article reveals the idea of Christianization through local culture in Maluku, which they believe had hardened Christian-Muslim cultural relations in Maluku. By utilizing hermeneutic and cultural studies, I will analyze the construction of ethnic and religious identity ideas that are affected by his theological ideas. I apply a contemporary mission perspective that dialectically places Christian-Muslim relations as a form of identity negotiation, which has implications for strengthening cultural dialogue and encourages contextual theological processes for the establishment of human relations in Maluku and Indonesia as a multicultural society.

Older adults' lived experiences of physical rehabilitation for acquired brain injury and their perceptions of well-being: A qualitative phenomenological study.

To explore the experiences of older adults (65+) living with acquired brain injury regarding their sense of well-being during physical rehabilitation within the Greek Healthcare System. With the increasing ageing population and the life-changing effects of acquired brain injury, there is a need to focus on care for older people and their potential to live well. Rehabilitation systems deserve greater attention, especially in improving the well-being of those who are using them. A qualitative study design with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used. Fourteen older adults living with acquired brain injury and undergoing physical rehabilitation in Greece were purposively sampled. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data and were thematically analysed using van Manen's and Clarke and Braun's methods. The COREQ checklist was followed. Four themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Challenges of new life situation, (2) Seeking emotional and practical support through social interaction, (3) Identifying contextual processes of rehabilitation, (4) Realising the new self. The subjective experiences, intersubjective relations and contextual conditions influence the sense of well-being among older adults living with acquired brain injury, thus impacting the realisation of their new self. The study makes the notion of well-being a more tangible concept by relating it to the degree of adaptation to the new situation and the potential for older adults to create a future whilst living with acquired brain injury. Identifying the factors that impact older adults' sense of well-being during rehabilitation can guide healthcare professionals in enhancing the quality of care offered and providing more dignified and humanising care. Older adults living with acquired brain injury were involved in the study as participants providing the research data.

Establishing the Need for Anticipatory Symptom Guidance and Networked Models of Disease in Adaptive Family Management Among Children With Medical Complexity: Qualitative Study.

Caregivers of children with medical complexity navigate complex family management tasks for their child both in the hospital and home-based setting. The roles and relationships of members of their social network and the dynamic evolution of these family management tasks have been underexamined. The purpose of this study was to explore the structures and processes of family management among caregivers of children with medical complexity, with a focus on the underlying dynamic nature of family management practices and the role of members of their social network. This study used a qualitative approach to interview caregivers of children with medical complexity and members of their social network. Caregivers of children with medical complexity were recruited through an academic Children's Hospital Complex Care Clinic in the mid-Atlantic region and interviewed over a period of 1 to 3 days. Responses were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory and situational analysis to construct a new conceptual model. Only caregiver responses are reported here. In total, 20 caregivers were included in this analysis. Caregiver perspectives revealed the contextual processes that allowed for practices of family management within the setting of rapidly evolving symptoms and health concerns. The dynamic and adaptive nature of this process is a key underlying action supporting this novel conceptual model. The central themes underpinning the adaptive family management model include symptom cues, ongoing surveillance, information gathering, and acute on chronic health concerns. The model also highlights facilitators and threats to successful family management among children with medical complexity and the networked relationship among the structures and processes. The adaptive family management model provides a basis for further quantitative operationalization and study. Previously described self- or family management frameworks do not account for the underlying dynamic nature of the disease trajectory and the developmental stage progression of the child or adolescent, and our work extends existing work. For future work, there is a defined role for technology-enhanced personalized approaches to home-based monitoring. Due to the disparities caregivers and the children in this population already experience, technology-enhanced approaches must be built alongside key stakeholders with an equity orientation to technology co-development. RR2-10.2196/14810.

Changes in fear-associated learning task brain activation over the COVID-19 pandemic period: a preliminary longitudinal analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound impacts on people worldwide. Previous studies have shown that fear learning, extinction, recall, and contextual information processing involve the activation of emotion and sensory brain systems, which can be modified. However, it remains unclear whether brain functions associated with these processes have been altered over the pandemic period. We compared pre- and peri-pandemic brain activation during a fear-associated learning task (FALT) using previously collected data. The participants were divided into two groups: the pandemic group (n = 16), who completed a baseline FALT before the pandemic and repeated the task during the pandemic, and the non-pandemic group (n = 77), who completed both sessions before the pandemic began. Compared with the non-pandemic group, the pandemic group exhibited significant decreases in brain activation from baseline to follow-up assessments, including activation in the brainstem during early fear learning, the posterior thalamus/hippocampus during late extinction, and the occipital pole during late recall phases for contextual processing. Furthermore, activations associated with retrieving safety cues were reduced in the posterior cingulate, premotor, and calcarine cortices during the early recall phase, and activations associated with retrieving dangerous cues decreased in the occipital pole during the late recall phase. Additionally, correlations between decreased activation and elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms were observed. These findings suggest that activations associated with processing low arousal contextual information, safety cues, and extinguished fear cues decreased during the pandemic. These changes in brain activation may have contributed to the increase in mental health disturbances observed during this time.

Improved comprehension of irony and indirect requests following a severe traumatic brain injury: two case studies

ABSTRACT Background Following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), people frequently have difficulty understanding nonliteral language, including irony and indirect requests. Despite the handicap that these disorders can represent in daily life, they are rarely treated clinically, and remediation studies are scarce. Aims The present study thus aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an explicit metapragmatic therapy targeting nonliteral language comprehension and taking into account cognitive processes likely to underlie this comprehension (i.e., contextual processing, theory of mind, and executive functions). Methods & Procedure This study was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov system (ID: NCT04708561) before participant recruitment. Two adults with severe TBI took part in the study. An ABA design with multiple baselines was used to assess the evolution of treated and non-treated written literal and nonliteral story comprehension, as well as ecological tasks and tasks assessing the cognitive processes of interest (theory of mind and executive functions). An interview was also conducted at the end of treatment to assess participant satisfaction. Outcomes & results Therapy resulted in significant improvement in treated items, with one-month maintenance of gains and generalisation to untreated items in both participants. The generalisation to a working memory task was also observed in one participant. Finally, participant satisfaction with the treatment was high. Conclusions & implications Our study demonstrated for the first time the potential of a therapy targeting irony and indirect request comprehension in TBI individuals. Clinically, it offers concrete therapeutic avenues and fills a critical gap in the TBI population’s evidence for the remediation of nonliteral language comprehension.

‘This is how the game works’: navigating access and choice in transnational higher education fields

ABSTRACT Drawing on Bourdieu’s field theory the study describes access to transnational mobility as a contextual process to which transnational and location-specific capitals make joint contributions. In doing so, the paper responds to calls against methodological nationalism, i.e. confining research to national boundaries, which is becoming increasingly inadequate in a global world where capital may be produced and subsequently utilised in different countries (Weiss [2021]. “Re-thinking society: How can sociological theories help us understand global and crossborder social contexts?” Current Sociology 69 (3): 333–351.). Using in-depth interviews with international students the paper illustrates the complexities of ‘choice’ and the intricacies of ‘playing the game’ in transnational spaces while exposing how nations structure and (re)produce social inequality in access to educational opportunities.

Spatial navigation: A touch in the dark

New work reveals whisker landmark coding in the retrosplenial cortex of mice, broadening our understanding of multisensory spatial cognition, contextual processing, and spatial predictive coding.

Who Are You—Right Now? Cultural Orientations and Language Used as Antecedents of Situational Cultural Identification

A defining feature of biculturalism is the experience of switching back and forth between different cultural ways of being and acting in the world. This work investigates antecedents of this switching process using a cultural adaptation of the Day Reconstruction Method, in which participants divide the previous day into episodes and then rate these episodes on various criteria. We hypothesized that episode characteristics (specifically, language used) and stable personal dispositions (specifically, mainstream and heritage cultural orientations) would independently and interactively predict migrants’ cultural identification during an episode. We examined three types of identification among Russian-speaking migrants to Canada ( N = 109): mainstream (“Canadian”); heritage (“Russian”); and mainstream–heritage hybrid (“Russian-Canadian”). Results of multilevel regression analyses supported our hypotheses overall. A more positive orientation to a given cultural group and the use of that group’s language(s) were associated with stronger identification with that group during an episode. Language Use × Cultural Orientation interactions were evident for heritage and hybrid situational identification. The positive association between heritage orientation and situational heritage identification was stronger during episodes when the heritage language was not used than when it was used. A positive heritage orientation was associated with greater situational hybrid identification only during episodes when a mainstream language was used. The results are consistent with the perspective that acculturation is a multifaceted, contextual, and dynamic process whereby people acquire and flexibly use multiple cultural repertoires to meet both their general goals and the cultural demands of specific situations.

Conscious processing of global and local auditory irregularities causes differentiated heartbeat-evoked responses.

Recent research suggests that brain-heart interactions are associated with perceptual and self-consciousness. In this line, the neural responses to visceral inputs have been hypothesized to play a leading role in shaping our subjective experience. This study aims to investigate whether the contextual processing of auditory irregularities modulates both direct neuronal responses to the auditory stimuli (ERPs) and the neural responses to heartbeats, as measured with heartbeat-evoked responses (HERs). HERs were computed in patients with disorders of consciousness, diagnosed with a minimally conscious state or unresponsive wakefulness syndrome. We tested whether HERs reflect conscious auditory perception, which can potentially provide additional information for the consciousness diagnosis. EEG recordings were taken during the local-global paradigm, which evaluates the capacity of a patient to detect the appearance of auditory irregularities at local (short-term) and global (long-term) levels. The results show that local and global effects produce distinct ERPs and HERs, which can help distinguish between the minimally conscious state and unresponsive wakefulness syndrome patients. Furthermore, we found that ERP and HER responses were not correlated suggesting that independent neuronal mechanisms are behind them. These findings suggest that HER modulations in response to auditory irregularities, especially local irregularities, may be used as a novel neural marker of consciousness and may aid in the bedside diagnosis of disorders of consciousness with a more cost-effective option than neuroimaging methods.

Adoption Theories for Internet Banking in Uganda

A lot of academic research has been done on Internet banking (IB). This study examines the IB literature through the prisms of nine adoption hypotheses. This review indicates that IB adoption is a complicated and multifaceted process; joint consideration of customers' personal, social, psychological, utilitarian, and behavioral aspects is essential; managers and system developers ought to implement a customer-centric approach focusing on managing belief formation rather than directly impacting behavior. However, the quality of IB research is unclear, and there is little consensus on the methodologies and conceptualizations employed to comprehend the ideas that actually shape IB behavior. There is a dearth of research on the use of interventions that can help managers make wise choices and hasten the adoption process. Understanding the cognitive, emotional, and contextual processes of the client is more crucial than adoption itself because it will ultimately lead to the desired action.

Few-shot remaining useful life prediction based on meta-learning with deep sparse kernel network

Predicting remaining useful life (RUL) of machinery is of vital importance to prognostics and health management. Reliable and accurate RUL prediction not only can reduce maintenance costs and increase machine availability but also even prevent catastrophic consequences. In reality, RUL predictions usually require numerous certain kinds of machine degradation data. However, complex operating conditions and safety issues may often result in fragmented data records generated, with very few complete samples being usable. To overcome the challenge of RUL prediction with limited data, this paper proposes a novel MetaDESK model that is based on meta-learning with deep sparse kernel network. The general idea is to train a sparse kernel with a variational posterior in a data-driven fashion, and then transfer it to a new few-shot RUL task via meta-knowledge. Specifically, we first incorporate a Gaussian Process into the model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML) framework and use variational inference to estimate latent variables as kernel features, which allows us to sample from a non-Gaussian distribution of the posterior. Then, the KL-divergence of sparse approximation is added to the kernel features as a regularization term through inference to reduce the overfitting problem. Also, to exploit the dependencies of the tasks we integrate both their shared knowledge and task-specific information into a contextual reasoning process, which is implemented by a bidirectional long short-term memory network. To evaluate our proposed model, we conduct extensive experiments using publicly available degradation data, and the results verify the model's effectiveness.

Ambient-aware continuous aid for mountain rescue activities

Ambient-awareness in conjunction with pervasive computing is a significant challenge for system designers. It follows the necessity of gathering raw, massive and heterogeneous environmental data which we obtained, while middleware processes must merge context modelling and reasoning seamlessly. We proposed a system supporting mountain rescuers which is demanding due to the large number of environmental objects interacting, as well as high data variability. We presented complex context processing embedded in the proposed context life cycle and implemented it in a difficult mountain environment. We introduced five weather scenarios which are a basis for contextual and perceptual processing during the validation of our model. The system merges a message streaming broker for massive data transport, low and high-level processing algorithms, repositories and a logical SAT solver. It constitutes a Context-Aware-as-a-Service (CAaaS) system, offering advanced support for mountain rescue operations. The provided software model defines middleware components which act on a predicted context and transform in situ sensor data into smart decisions, and which could operate as a platform-based cloud computing model. It is an enabler yielding a synergy effect with different software components orchestration when providing pro-activeness and non-intrusiveness concerning smart decisions.

Contextual recruitment in neuropsychology: A practice-based example of a novel approach and reflections on the process from an assistant psychologist

In 2021, a government initiative offered opportunities for aspiring clinical psychologists from underrepresented groups to gain paid clinical experience (Health Education England, 2021). This article describes how this initiative was used as an opportunity to integrate more contextual recruitment approaches for the recruitment of assistant psychologists (APs) in a neuropsychology department, in line with the strategic goals to increase diversity in the profession (British Psychological Society, 2023a). The strategies implemented to promote inclusivity are described in three separate phases of pre-application, peri-application, and onboarding. Reflections are provided in parallel from an aspiring clinical psychologist’s first-hand experience of the contextual recruitment process. The article aims to provide a template for other neuropsychology services to draw upon and develop in their recruitment and selection processes, and catalyse wider organisational change to promote a more diverse, representative psychology workforce.