Science Content Research Articles

Analysis of the Role and Strategies of New Media VR Technology in Music Education for Cultivating Middle School Students' Music Appreciation Ability

With the rapid development of new media technology, virtual reality (VR) technology has increasingly been applied in the field of education, particularly showing great potential in music education. By introducing VR technology, this study explores its role in cultivating students' music appreciation abilities. VR technology has significant application value in music education. Through the design of scientific teaching content, innovative teaching methods, and effective evaluation feedback mechanisms, it can comprehensively enhance middle school students' music appreciation abilities. This provides a valuable reference for the further promotion and application of VR music education.

Investigating ICT-led engagement with content in science and basic computing subjects of lower secondary schools in Rwanda

Investigating ICT-led engagement with content in science and basic computing subjects of lower secondary schools in Rwanda

LESCA: Scaffolding and its impact on the higher cognitive levels and emotions of the student

Teaching technical content in science and engineering requires the development of high-level competencies such as analytical and critical thinking skills, and is perceived by students as a difficult subject to understand. One way to help students learn this type of content is through the use of scaffolding, which dynamically regulates and adjusts learning according to the student’s needs. Although the use of scaffolding has already been applied in different educational contexts, so far there are no studies analysing its impact on students’ emotions and perception. In this paper we propose the LESCA system, which performs adaptive content feedback through scaffolding. The main hypothesis of this article is that the use of this tool together with teacher scaffolding improves the acquisition of content at higher cognitive levels and improves the student’s emotional state during learning. An experience has been carried out with 36 students of Industrial Electronics and Robotics Associate Degree with a pre-post design, where one group of students did not use the tool and another one did. The findings indicate that knowledge acquisition at the higher levels of Bloom’s taxonomy improved after the use of technological scaffolding and that this acquisition improved significantly when incorporating teacher scaffolding. On the other hand, students who performed the tasks with the system experienced significantly less anxiety and despair than students who did not use it. In addition, it has been found that students perceive teacher scaffolding to be significantly more useful than technological scaffolding.

Communicating science through films: the case of the International Festival of Scientific and Educational Film (1956–1975)

ABSTRACT The Rassegna Internazionale del film Scientifico-didattico (International Festival of Scientific and Educational Film [IFSEF]) was a pioneering science-based public event held at the University of Padova from 1956 to 1975 in collaboration with the Venice International Film Festival. The IFSEF is treated as a case of a multiform space to question the permeable boundaries between hard scientific content and its aesthetic dimension, educational role, and science communication activity. Through the notions of ‘surplus of meaning’, ‘boundary object’ and ‘boundary space’, which are concepts at the intersection of science and technology studies, film studies and media studies, the IFSEF emerges as a distinctive moment in the construction of science as a multiform object in society, thus providing an opportunity to analyse the management of the evolving boundaries between scientific expertise and science communication at the dawn of modern science communication practice. The main point that emerges from the analysis of the IFSEF is the idea that the identity, meanings, structures and logics that characterise the IFSEF in many ways reflect crucial issues at the heart of the historical evolution of the boundaries between science and society, between the scientific community and other social actors, and between scientific epistemologies and different views of science-related content, thus contributing to a redefinition of the roles and identities of the actors involved in the configuration of the festival.

Do Mathematics and Reading Skills Impact Student Science Outcomes?

Establishing validated science programs for students with or at risk for learning disabilities requires testing treatment effects and exploring differential response patterns. This study explored whether students' initial mathematics and reading skills influenced their treatment response to a whole-class, second-grade science program called Scientific Explorers (Sci2). The original Sci2 study employed a cluster randomized controlled design and included 294 students from 18 second-grade classrooms. Differential effects of the program by initial mathematics and reading skill levels were not observed for an interactive science assessment and a distal science outcome measure. However, based on initial reading skill levels, moderation results were found on a science vocabulary measure, suggesting the effects of Sci2 were greatest for students with higher initial reading skills. Similar results were found using initial mathematics skill levels as a predictor of differential response such that students with higher mathematics skills reaped stronger treatment effects on the vocabulary measure. Further, we found initial mathematics skills also influenced outcomes on the proximal science content assessment, where students with higher initial mathematics skills led to higher outcomes. Overall, findings suggest Sci2 produced robust effects for all students (g = 0.24-1.23), regardless of initial skill proficiencies. Implications for exploring differential response in science intervention research are discussed.

Development Artsteps Learning Media Using Songs on the Topic of Animal Life Cycle

The inequality of student learning outcomes in the science and science content on animal life cycles and the learning media used by teachers in schools is still not optimal. Thus, interactive media is needed so that learning can run optimally, namely Artsteps using songs. This research aims to develop, and test the feasibility and the effectiveness of Artsteps learning media using songs in improving learning outcomes on animal life cycle for class IV. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) which uses the Borg and Gall development model. The result of this research is the process of developing song-assisted Artsteps as a learning medium on animal life cycle material; the feasibility of song-assisted Artsteps which is considered very valid by experts with an average validation value of 91%; student responses to song-assisted Artsteps were very valid with a percentage of 95%; The results of the t-test show a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 < 0.05 and it is stated that there is a difference in the average results before treatment and in the limited test and extensive test, so it can be concluded that Artsteps using songs can improve learning outcomes on animal life cycle.

Assessment of Published Papers on the Use of Machine Learning in Diagnosis and Treatment of Mastitis

The present study is an evaluation of published papers on machine learning as employed in mastitis research. The aim of this study was the quantitative evaluation of the scientific content and the bibliometric details of these papers. In total, 69 papers were found to combine machine learning in mastitis research and were considered in detail. There was a progressive yearly increase in published papers, which originated from 23 countries (mostly from China or the United States of America). Most original articles (n = 59) referred to work involving cattle, relevant to mastitis in individual animals. Most articles described work related to the development and diagnosis of the infection. Fewer articles described work on the antibiotic resistance of pathogens isolated from cases of mastitis and on the treatment of the infection. In most studies (98.5% of published papers), supervised machine learning models were employed. Most frequently, decision trees and support vector machines were employed in the studies described. ‘Machine learning’ and ‘mastitis’ were the most frequently used keywords. The papers were published in 39 journals, with most frequent publications in Computers and Electronics in Agriculture and Journal of Dairy Science. The median number of cited references in the papers was 39 (interquartile range: 31). There were 435 co-authors in the papers (mean: 6.2 per paper, median: 5, min.–max.: 1–93) and 356 individual authors. The median number of citations received by the papers was 4 (min.–max.: 0–70). Most papers (72.5%) were published in open-access mode. This study summarized the characteristics of papers on mastitis and artificial intelligence. Future studies could explore using these methodologies at farm level, and extending them to other animal species, while unsupervised learning techniques might also prove to be useful.

Current clinical status of IC/BPS and what the future holds in basic & translational science

The present review summarizes the scientific content in the workshop “Current clinical status of IC/BPS and what the future holds in basic & translational science” at the International Continence Society (ICS) 2023, Toronto. In the workshop, clinicians and scientists from different disciplines and nationalities discussed the current clinical status of IC/BPS diagnostic and treatment. They defined the available trends in biomarker search and translational medicine. The recent contribution of computational science and bioinformatics, together with artificial intelligence and the recent improvements in the use of animal models were also explored.The search for diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for IC/BPS patients is important. The use of well-refined and characterized animal models and the use of bioinformatics and artificial intelligence will be useful in this search.

Improving Students Critical Thinking Skills Using the Door Model in Elementary School Students

The problems in this study are the low level of mobility, critical thinking skills and learning outcomes of fifth grade students. Lack of motivation, lack of critical thinking skills, and low interest in learning affect learning outcomes. The solution to overcome these problems is to use the PINTU model (project based learning, investigative group, and numbered heads together) in learning. This study aims to describe teacher activities and analyze changes in student activity, critical thinking skills, and student learning outcomes in the natural science content material on the properties and shapes of objects. By using qualitative and quantitative methods of classroom action research (CAR), this research took place in three sessions in class V SDN Habau Hulu (consisting of 10 students). The types of data presented include data on teacher and student activities, critical thinking skills through observation, questionnaires, and student learning outcomes through tests and observations. Indicators of research success and learning completeness were 85% of students achieving KKM scores ? 70. The learning results showed that the number of sessions per session increased along with the acquisition of teacher activity in the implemented learning model, obtained points in Session I of 21 points, Session II of 26 points, and Session II of 28 points. Third Session The level of student activity was 70% in Session I, 80% in Session II, and 100% in Session III. Students’ critical thinking abilities were 60% in Session I, 70% in Session II, and 83% in Session III, increasing to 90%.Meanwhile, the completeness of student learning outcomes in the first session was 40%, the second session was 60%, and the third session was 90%.

A research agenda for adult science entertainment events

ABSTRACT There is an international trend towards fun, irreverent, and social events that feature scientific themes and content. We argue that these events – what we call Adult Science Entertainment Events, or ASEEs – are a distinct phenomenon in science education and science communication, deserving of study in their own right. In addition to their anticipated value to hosting organizations, ASEEs offer new opportunities for adults to form, transform, or affirm their science-related identities. They may also exacerbate existing inequities, however. In this article, we discuss the relationship of ASEEs to other informal science learning environments, provide a narrative review of the existing research on ASEEs, and offer a preliminary research agenda focused on describing the emerging field, documenting goals and impacts, and understanding the impact of design decisions.

Implementation of Environmental Education Based on Madura Local Wisdom to Increase Student Scientific Literacy

Environmental Education is a lecture process that provides insight to students regarding the understanding and awareness of the environment as a means of sustainable development. Environmental education lectures can be used as a means to improve students' science literacy skills. Science literacy skills can increase in learning associated with local wisdom. Local wisdom has an important relationship with education, this is important for the development of education, so the educational process must be conducive to connecting learning with the environment. Therefore, local wisdom needs to be associated with learning, one of which is with environmental education lectures. The purpose of this research is to improve students' science literacy skills applied to Environmental Education lectures based on Madura local wisdom. This research is a quantitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, documentation and tests. Then, the data obtained was analyzed using quantitative descriptive data analysis. The results showed that science literacy in the science process domain for indicators identified scientific problems by 7.6%, explained scientific phenomena by 7.4%, and used scientific evidence by 66%. The achievement of science literacy in the science content domain was 78% (good category). Science literacy in the realm of students' attitudes towards science as a whole reached 76.3% (good category). The average result of students' overall science literacy achievement was 72% (sufficient category). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that research on the Implementation of Environmental Education Lectures Based on Madura Local Wisdom to Improve Student Scientific Literacy can improve students' science literacy skills and teach environmental conservation and local wisdom on Madura Island

Attracting a new generation to materials science

Abstract ASM International, an organization like DGM, has more than 15,000 members worldwide. The society was founded in 1913 as the Steel Treaters Club in Detroit. Their headquarters have been in the Cleveland, Ohio, area since 1920. ASM International has 6 Affiliate Societies including the International Metallographic Society. In 1952 the need for a focused effort in education in Material Science was recognized and the ASM Materials Education Foundation (ASM Foundation) was established. Their mission is as follows: develop and deploy materials science content and hands-on, minds-on instructional strategies to inspire, engage, and empower future generations to create STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) solutions for 21st century challenges. The ASM Foundation has developed a multiprong approach to fulfil this mission and to draw young people to the field of materials science. Materials Camps for Students Teacher Education and Empowerment Mini Camps During Conferences Expansion of Camps to Europe, India and Beyond In addition, the ASM Foundation awards scholarships to undergraduate and community college students in materials science.

How to make classroom reading interesting for students?

The oral presentation titled «Experimental study of classroom reading» was given by methodologist and wordsmith Ts. P. Baltalon at the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Pedagogical Psychology in St. Petersburg in 1909. In the published paper, the author presented himself as a researcher of school psychology. This study was focused on the school student’s reading interests. The study was conducted using a survey among 1600 respondents of different ages and different types of schools. It allowed the author to draw a conclusion about school students’ reading preferences and correlate them with the content of educational chrestomathies for classroom (program) reading. This study allowed the author to conclude that the composition of school chrestomathy neither in content nor in genres of the proposed texts does not meet the reader’s interests of the school students. Baltalon proposed to replace the chrestomathy with pamphlets of artistic and popular science content, reading and in-depth study of which should make classroom reading an interesting activity for school students. In order for this to take place, teachers and publishers need to work together. The purpose of the article is to present the concept of educational reading by Ts. P. Baltalon and briefly describe its main provisions.

POPULAR SCIENCE LINGUISTIC DISCOURSE IN MASS MEDIA: UPDATING LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE

The article deals with the specifi cs of functioning of popular scientifi c linguistic discourse in mass media. Popular science content is not mandatory for mass media. The main task of mass media is to communicate relevant information to the addressee. The functioning of popular scientifi c linguistic discourse in media sources of this type is conditioned by a number of factors that make scientifi c information relevant to the mass addressee. Based on the analysis of three print media (the newspapers Argumenty i Fakty, Izvestia and Kommersant) three factors of actu-alization of scientifi c linguistic knowledge have been revealed: 1) intellectual; 2) pragmatic; 3) informational and entertaining. The popular scientifi c linguistic discourse, the actualization of which is conditioned by the intellectual factor, helps the reader to comprehend actual facts and events. Linguistic information in this case can be presented in diff erent amounts and represented in diff erent ways. But at the same time popular scientifi c linguistic discourse is not independent, it is presented in the context of an event relevant to the reader. With the help of scientifi c knowledge, the mass addressee gets an opportunity to critically evaluate this event. Popular scientifi c linguistic discourse, the relevance of which is conditioned by the pragmatic factor, can be used by the addressee in practical speech activity. These are materials about the normative use of individual units of the Russian literary language and articles about the rules of speech interaction. The relevance of popular scientifi c linguistic discourse can be conditioned by the informational-entertainment factor: the reader as a language user shows interest in certain linguistic phenomena. On the basis of thematic analysis, the spheres of linguistic knowledge which are of the greatest interest to the mass addressee are singled out: 1) history of words and phraseologisms; 2) lexical meaning of obsolete and new words (neologisms); 3) the use of proper names. As the analysis has shown, popular scientifi c linguistic discourse in mass media is subordinated to the main principle of content formation — the principle of relevance. Communicative, genre and style specifi city, as well as the way of representation of linguistic information are determined by the in-tellectual, pragmatic or informational and entertaining factors of actualization of this discourse.

Utilizing social media for community risk communication in megacities: analysing the impact of WeChat group information interaction and perception on communication satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai

BackgroundAgainst the backdrop of the global public health crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed significant disparities in the supply and demand of risk information related to public health crises, posing severe challenges to risk governance in megacities. Shanghai, China, introduced community WeChat groups for community communication, effectively facilitating the dissemination and response of grassroots information and providing a new path for interactive governance in the community.MethodsThis study collected 1006 questionnaires from residents of 350 communities in Shanghai through an online survey between June 10 and July 10, 2022. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the impact of different participants (including the community, core residents, and the combined community and core residents) on community risk communication, perceived communication quality, and dissemination themes related to COVID-19 on community communication satisfaction. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 core residents from different types of communities, focusing on the specific methods of risk communication through community WeChat groups and their ability to disseminate information, respond to, and solve problems.ResultsPerceived information coverage and perceived response efficiency are significantly positively correlated with communication satisfaction. Notably, the speed of community information response has the greatest impact on communication satisfaction. Regarding COVID-19-related information dissemination themes, “community outbreaks, supplies, nucleic acids, outbreak prevention measures, and scientific content” all have a significant impact on communication effectiveness, with “nucleic acid testing information” having the greatest impact. Although the statistical data indicate that the participation of core residents in risk communication does not significantly affect communication satisfaction, it seems to be related to the size of the community, and the interview results further validate this conclusion.ConclusionIn the future, grassroots communities should consider the affordances of social media, recognize the significant correlation between risk communication and grassroots trust, and formulate more detailed and targeted risk communication strategies. In particular, incorporating core residents into “semiformal” grassroots organizations can improve community service quality, thereby enhancing community resilience in the face of public health emergencies.

Towards an Integrated Model for Orienting Preservice Science Teachers for 21st-Century Teaching

This conceptual paper builds the case for orienting preservice science teachers for 21<sup>st</sup>-century teaching on a footing of Miller et al. (2013) framework for science teacher preparation called the Model of Research-Based Education for Teachers (MORE for Teachers). MORE for Teachers frames science teacher preparation as anchored on four pillars: in-depth subject matter, research-based science teaching methods, guided practicum, and a shared vision of the pedagogy of science learning. Based on the limitations of Miller et al.'s linear model yet still maintaining the value of its central tenets the paper proposes a model that is interactive and framing standards in science teaching, curriculum development, rigorous content, research-based science methods course, and quality field experiences as the essential aspects for producing teacher candidates with the right skills for science teaching. The paper argues that pre-service science teachers (PSTs) development in teacher education colleges and universities requires a framework for harmonization that ensures consideration of all the necessary ingredients for science teacher preparation. Drawing on a diversity of literature sources on science teacher education the paper discusses the application of the proposed model in Zimbabwe, illustrating the importance of detailed methods courses, rigorous science content, expert mentoring, personal teaching philosophy, and a consideration of international trends in science teaching.  In conclusion, the paper recommends other contexts in which the integrated model for science teacher preparation can be used and some steps for its practical implementation.

Novice Elementary Teachers’ Science Teaching: Instructional Planning and Discourse

ABSTRACT Teaching science to elementary school students is complex, and teacher preparation programs must support pre-service teachers’ learning to communicate science content and practices with children. Science teachers bring the experiences they have as students to their teacher preparation, and these experiences may support or conflict with what they are learning about effective teaching. In this study, we present stories of two first-year teachers who attended a STEM-focused teacher preparation program in the U.S. While effective science teaching requires a multitude of complex practices, we focus on the teachers’ science lesson planning and discourse. These two constructs were chosen as areas of foci because they are introduced in teacher preparation, preservice teachers are often evaluated on these constructs in preparation for licensure, and they are critical components of effective elementary instruction/ Data collection began during their teacher preparation and continued into their first year as teachers and include semi-structured interviews, observation field notes, and video recordings. While both teachers expressed similar intentions for incorporating instruction practices learned in their teacher preparation, we found differences in enactment. We discuss influences, such as school cultures and peers, on beginning teachers’ attempts to translate learning from teacher preparation into their first year as teachers of science and include recommendations for continued support of novice teacher learning.

The Impact of Metaverse-Enabled Digital Transformation on Tourism Marketing

This exploratory study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the published academic material on metaverse in the context of tourism marketing. This is done by examining leading journals with published articles related to the phenomenon, the authors shaping the discourse and conducting coauthorship analysis to reveal the collaborative networks. Additionally, the study identified common themes among the published documents to comprehensively understand the metaverse’s multifaceted impact. Drawing from peer‐reviewed research articles published until November 1, 2023 from prominent scientific databases, a bibliometric and content analysis of 26 articles was performed. Findings revealed that the use of the metaverse in the tourism industry is still in its infancy, with studies only gaining momentum in 2023. Despite the transformative potential of the metaverse, this study sheds light on the current state of academic research on the metaverse and tourism marketing, providing insights into its key contributors and thematic trends. The study bridges gaps in existing knowledge and contributes to explicating an avenue that guides future research and advances understanding in the field. The study argues that the metaverse is causing a paradigm shift in tourism marketing, making the research relevant to practitioners interested in digital transformations in tourism and thus have managerial and policy implications.

Animated Video-Based Learning Media on Science and Social Content on the Water Cycle Topic for Fourth Grade of Elementary Schools

There is a lack of use of learning media in the learning process and the learning process is always teacher-centered. This makes it difficult for students to understand the material delivered so that the classroom atmosphere becomes passive. The purpose of the research is to develop a valid and practical animated video-based learning media on the topic of water cycle in grade IV elementary school. The researcher uses the ADDIE model in developing this media with steps including analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. This study takes the subject of material experts, media experts, practitioners and student responses, in this study using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis methods. The average results of the validity of animated videos from material experts were 95.5% very good, from media experts 92% were very good, from practitioners 98% were very good and from student responses 96.9 were very good. The learning media based on the animated video on the topic of the water cycle was declared to have passed the validity test and is suitable for use in teaching and learning activities for grade IV elementary school students. The implication of this study is that the use of valid and practical animated video-based learning media can improve student understanding, create a more active and interactive learning atmosphere, and shift the learning approach from teacher-centered to more student-centered.

Project-Based Learning Oriented E-Worksheets with QR Code Packaging: Validity and Practicality

The lack of use of innovative student worksheets makes the learning process less effective because it does not facilitate the student learning process properly. This study aims to describe the design, validity and practicality of electronic student worksheets oriented towards Project Based Learning with QR Code packaging on the fourth grade elementary school science content. This study uses the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation). Data collection methods are carried out by observation, interviews, document studies, and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques use quantitative descriptive analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this electronic student worksheet development research are: the design of electronic student worksheets oriented towards Project Based Learning with QR Code packaging on the fourth grade elementary school science content, electronic student worksheets are declared valid and feasible based on the validity index of 0.90 and the feasibility analysis of media experts obtained a validity index of 0.88, and is included in the range ≥ 0.8 meaning that the product developed is included in high validity. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the electronic student worksheet oriented towards Project Based Learning with QR Code packaging on the fourth grade elementary school science content is valid and suitable for use in the learning process.