Oleic Acid Content Research Articles

Fatty Acid Profile of Erythrocyte Membranes in Patients with Psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic systemic disease with a multifaceted pathomechanism and immunological basis, with the presence of inflammatory skin lesions and joint ailments. Diseases accompanying psoriasis include metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. It has been suggested that inflammation is involved in the development of each of these conditions. The main objective of this study was to analyse the fatty acid profile, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, in the erythrocyte membranes of patients suffering from psoriasis. A total of 58 adult patients of the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, suffering from psoriasis, were qualified for this study. The patients had undergone an interview and physical examination, during which the severity of psoriasis was assessed. All patients had their weight and height measured to assess their body mass index (BMI). After 3 months of treatment, biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, total cholesterol) and inflammatory markers (CRP) in the blood were assessed. In addition, the isolation of fatty acids (PUFAs, SFAs, MUFAs) from erythrocyte membranes and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of their profile using a gas chromatograph were carried out. In patients with severe psoriasis requiring systemic treatment, an altered profile of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes was found, including a significantly lower concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3), which have an anti-inflammatory effect; a significantly higher concentration of saturated fatty acids; and a decreased concentration of oleic acid (omega-9), compared to the results obtained in patients with less severe psoriasis receiving topical treatment. In patients with psoriasis and BMI ≥ 25, significantly higher concentrations of AST and ALT in the blood and significantly higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid in erythrocyte membranes were found. Elevated concentrations of saturated (R = 0.31) and monounsaturated fatty acids (R = 0.29) may correlate with a greater severity of psoriasis.

Analysis of physicochemical properties of nut-based milk and sweetened condensed milk alternatives

This study analyzed the physicochemical properties of nut-based milk and sweetened condensed milk (SCM) alternatives. Four types of nuts (almonds, cashews, hazelnuts, and walnuts) were roasted at 140 °C for 15 min, followed by the preparation and analysis of milk and SCM alternatives. During the production of SCM by heating with adding sugar, the pH, moisture, and L* decreased, while the carbohydrates, viscosity, and browning index increased significantly (p < 0.05). Oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid contents were comparable among all samples (p > 0.05). Volatile compounds were analyzed using HS-SPME-GC–MS to determine changes due to roasting and heating, and a total of 54 volatile compounds were identified. These findings to show the importance of the physicochemical characteristics of milk and SCM alternatives, provide practical information for the development of improved-quality dairy alternatives.

Effect ratio of stearic acid and oleic acid on characteristics of diclofenac sodium nanostructured lipid carrier

Background: Osteoarthritis treatment generally involves using a Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID), and the most common is Diclofenac sodium. The oral use of diclofenac sodium presents some adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Trans-dermal diclofenac sodium's biological efficacy can be affected by factors including its log P value of 1.13. Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) may solve these concerns. Objective: This study examined how stearic and oleic acid concentrations customise diclofenac sodium NLC's physicochemical properties. Method: High shear homogenisation was used to compare stearic acid and oleic acid at 6:4, 7:3, and 8:2. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of diclofenac sodium NLC were assessed, such as organoleptic, particle size and poly-dispersity index, pH, viscosity, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, profiles of FTIR and DSC. Result: This study found that particle size ranged from 333.60 ± 144.29 to 791.77 ± 85.57, and entrapment efficiency was 89.38 ± 3.69 to 76.96 ± 3.29. Increasing the content of oleic acid as a liquid lipid reduces particle size and improves diclofenac sodium NLC entrapment. According to One-Way ANOVA, the dependent variable was not significantly affected by any independent variables (p-value &gt; 0.05) except for particle size and entrapment efficiency. Conclusion: Stearic acid-oleic acid concentration ratios affect diclofenac sodium NLC's physicochemical properties.

Improvement in yield attributes and fatty acids composition in the derivative hybrids compared to their respective parents in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Erucic acid, more than 2 %, in mustard seed oil is considered unhealthy as edible oil, and also anti-nutritional for human consumption. The existing mustard varieties of Bangladesh contain 40–48 % erucic acid, which is a big concern for the country's nutritional, and food security and safety. Hence, to improve the seed oil quality of the existing variety, six popular cultivars of Brassica juncea mustard were crossed with a canola-grade line in 7 × 7 half diallel fashion, and the developed 21 F1 hybrids were assessed for yield contributing traits, and fatty acids composition. Variables with significant variations were found, while days to siliquae maturity, plant height, days to first flowering, and seeds per siliquae have moderate narrow sense heritability. The estimated gene action indicated that dominant or over-dominant gene action was more prominent in governing the traits. The parents, P1, P3, and P4 were discovered the best general combiners for early maturity and short phenology, whereas P2 and P7 were found to be the best general combiners for yield-attributing traits. Moreover, the hybrids P1 × P4, P1 × P6, P2 × P7, P4 × P6 and P3 × P5 were chosen as the promising hybrids due to their best specific combining ability, and desired heterotic effects on yield contributing traits. In addition, a significant decrease, on average 30–40 %, in erucic acid, but an approximately 20–25 % increase of oleic acid was found among the hybrids, in which the hybrids P1 × P6–S1, P5 × P6–S2 and P5 × P6–S4 demonstrated a better stability index. Overall, the obtained findings suggested that the hybrids, viz. P1 × P5, P1 × P6, P2 × P3, P2 × P7, P4 × P6, P5 × P6, and P6 × P7 were promising based on their early maturity, high-yielding, reduced erucic acid, and high oleic acid contents.

Cultivation of a Novel Strain of Chlorella vulgaris S2 under Phototrophic, Mixotrophic, and Heterotrophic Conditions, and Effects on Biomass Growth and Composition

Microalgal biomass is an excellent platform for producing food, feed, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the trophic mode of cultivation (phototrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic) on the growth and biomass composition of Chlorella vulgaris S2. The contents of lipids and carbohydrates, as well as the fatty acid composition of total lipids, were studied. The effects of the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) and the organic carbon concentration of the growth media under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions were also investigated. The C:N ratio of 30 mol mol−1 favoured lipid synthesis, and the C:N ratio of 10 mol mol−1 favoured carbohydrate synthesis. Maximal lipid and biomass productivities (2.238 and 0.458 g L−1 d−1, respectively) were obtained under mixotrophic conditions at the C:N ratio of 50 mol mol−1 and glucose concentration of 50 g L−1. Fed-batch cultivation conducted in a stirrer tank bioreactor under heterotrophic growth conditions increased biomass (2.385 g L−1 d−1, respectively) and lipid (0.339 L−1 d−1) productivities ~50 and ~60 times compared to the fed-batch phototrophic cultivation, respectively. The trophic mode, growth phase, and growth medium composition significantly influenced the fatty acid composition. Under mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth conditions, lipid accumulation is associated with an increase in oleic acid (C18:1) content. Mixotrophically grown biomass of Chlorella vulgaris S2 under optimised conditions is a suitable source of lipids for biodiesel production.

Transcription factor EgGRP2A regulates EgFATA expression and promotes oleic acid accumulation in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is emerging as the world's most important and prolific oilseed crop, celebrated for its impressive oil yield. However, the molecular intricacies that govern lipid metabolism and fatty acid accumulation in oil palm fruits remain relatively underexplored. This study reveals a significant correlation between the expression of EgGRP2A, a transcription factor, and the expression of EgFATA in the oil palm. Yeast one-hybrid analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) reveal and confirm the binding interactions between EgGRP2A and the promoter region of EgFATA. Subsequent experiments in oil palm protoplasts show that transient overexpression of EgGRP2A leads to a marked upregulation of EgFATA expression. Conversely, downregulation of EgGRP2A in transgenic oil palm embryoids leads to a significant reduction in EgFATA expression. Metabolite profiling in the transgenic embryoids reveals a significant reduction in unsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleic acid. These findings promise profound insights into the regulatory orchestration of EgFATA and the synthesis of fatty acids, particularly oleic acid, in the oil palm. Furthermore, the results lay the foundation for future breeding and genetic improvement efforts aimed at increasing oleic acid content in oil palm varieties.

Bio-friendly oleic acid-based ufasomal topical gel of rosuvastatin for diabetic wound healing: In-vitro, ex-Vivo, and in-Vivo evaluation

This study aimed to develop bio-friendly and biodegradable oleic acid-based ufasomes coated with chitosan for topical delivery of rosuvastatin for diabetic wound healing. Rosuvastatin was chosen as a suitable candidate due to its wound healing properties. Thin film hydration technique was implemented for the preparation of ufasomes at various concentrations of oleic acid. The most promising formulation (UF 5) was coated with chitosan. The effect of oleic acid and chitosan concentrations on vesicle Size, zeta-potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro drug release study was assessed. Optimum chitosan-coated ufasomal dispersion (CUF 3) was subjected to further characterizations, such as FT-IR, TEM, in-vitro release, broth microdilution susceptibility test, the effect of storage, ex-vivo skin permeability study, and wound healing efficiency in rats. Finally, CUF 3 was incorporated into chitosan gel base and examined for wound healing efficiency in rats. Uncoated ufasomal dispersion (UF 5) possessed the smallest vesicle Size (149.6 nm), the highest entrapment efficiency (79.48 %), an optimum zeta-potential (−35.78 mv), with polydispersity index of 0.18. FT-IR of coated ufasomes (CUF 3) reflected the effective coating of chitosan on the surface of ufasomes which coincided with the TEM image. Similar release profiles of UF 5 and CUF 3 were observed after 4 h of dissolution due to chitosan coating surrounding ufasomes. The cumulative percent of drug permeated across rat skin after 24 h for CUF 3 dispersion, and CUF 3 in chitosan gel were 11.21 % and 10.48 %, respectively, in comparison to 2.97 % in case of control gel. This was confirmed from the results of flux and permeability coefficient. A maximum skin retention and a controlled release effect with a reduced risk of systemic absorption of rosuvastatin were attained by CUF 3 in chitosan gel. Rosuvastatin encapsulated in ufasomal vesicles augmented the antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. A remarkable wound healing of CUF 3 in chitosan gel was confirmed by morphological and histopathological studies. Oleic acid-based ufasomes coated with chitosan could be a promising bio-friendly carrier for rosuvastatin to obtain a triple effect formulation for diabetic wound healing.

Биохимический состав семян сои Дальневосточного региона

The purpose of the study is to analyze seeds of cultivated and wild soybeans in the Far Eastern Region according to a number of indicators of biochemical composition. The object of the study is seeds of 18 varieties and 4 forms of wild soybeans grown in the Amur Region (Alena, Lidiya, Kitrossa, Sonata, Garmoniya, KBL-29, KA-1413, KZ-6337), Khabarovsk (Marinata, Batya, VAZ-100, Ivan Karamanov, Saltus, wild soybean HK), Primorsky Regions (Musson, Primorskaya -96, Primorskaya-4, Primorskaya-86, Sfera) and the the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (black, yellow, green). The content of transgenes in seeds was determined by PCR with hybridization-fluorescent detection in real time (Real Time PCR); concentration of protein, oil and VVC – by the method of diffuse reflection in the near infrared region. The graphs obtained as a result of amplification indicate that during the PCR analysis, no gene-tically modified construct (35S promoter and NOS terminator) was detected in any of the soybean varieties studied. The studied soybean varieties from the Far Eastern Region are not transgenic. According to biochemical indicators, the Kitrossa variety of Amur selection should be distinguished, which is characterized by a high content of protein (46.80 ± 0.02 %), oleic (27.53 ± 0.01) and linolenic acids (11.79 ± 0.01 %), as well as the DPRK soybean varieties (from 41.43 ± 0.03 to 43.46 ± 0.01 %), which had an increased protein content with an optimal linoleic-linolenic ratio (ω-6: ω-3). Wild soybeans have been shown to contain high amounts of protein. For the KZ-6337 form, the maximum amount of protein was identified (50.06 ± 0.10 %), therefore it is recommended to use it as a source of dominant genes when breeding high-protein soybean varieties. The results of a study of the biochemical composition of soybeans in the Far Eastern Region indicate the varietal specificity of the region of growth in protein, oilseed and fatty acid composition.

Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in the BC2F2 population of groundnut

The present study was carried out in the backcross population of groundnut involving TMV 7 and ICG 15419. Allele-specific primers were used to screen the population for high oleic acid and a total of 11 yield-contributing traits were included in this study. The number of primary and secondary branches had higher estimates of PCV and GCV whereas pod yield per plant had moderate PCV but low GCV. Along with the variability parameters, plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, pod width, 100 pod weight, oleic acid content and linoleic acid content had good estimates of heritability and genetic advance as a percent of the mean, whereas pod yield per plant had moderate and low, heritability and GAM respectively, with a negatively significant skewed distribution. Association analysis exhibited a positive correlation between the number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, pod length and 100 pod weight with pod yield per plant and it was evident that oleic acid was indirectly proportional to linoleic acid content. Hundred pod weights had the highest direct effect on pod yield per plant. Selection based on traits with a better relationship with pod yield per plant and moderate to high estimates of PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advancement would help in accelerating the groundnut improvement program. High oleic, low linolenic lines of BC2F2 with better pod yield would be forwarded to the next generation.

Blending cold-pressed peanut oil with omega-3 fatty acids from walnut oil: Analytical profiling and prediction of nutritive attributes and oxidative stability

This study aimed to explore the possibility of enriching cold-pressed Virginia (VIO) and Valencia (VAO) peanut oils with omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) from walnut oil (WO) to produce blended oils with improved nutritional value. The oxidative stability of pure and blended oils was examined under accelerated conditions (60 °C) for 28 days. The FA and tocopherol profiles, as well as nutritional quality indices, were determined. As the proportion of WO increased in the blends, the levels of linoleic and α-linolenic essential FAs increased, while oleic acid content decreased. Furthermore, γ- and δ-tocopherol levels rose, whereas α-tocopherol declined. Among the studied blends, VIO:WO blends, especially at a (70:30) ratio, were nutritionally favorable with a balanced FA profile. During storage, notable changes were observed in tocopherol levels, along with subtle alterations in the FA profile of the blended oils. Hence, the oxidative stability of pure VIO and VAO decreased with WO incorporation.

Impact of extraction method on the lipids of Himalayan marmot oil with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis.

Himalayan marmot oil (SPO) has been used for pharmaceutical purposes for centuries, but its composition is still unclear. The bioactivity of SPO highly depends on the techniques used for its processing. This study focused on the comprehensive lipidomics of SPO, especially on the ones derived from dry rendering, wet rendering, cold pressing, and ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction. We performed lipid profiling of SPO acquired by different extraction methods using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and 17 classes of lipids (2 BMPs, 12 LysoPCs, 9 LysoPEs, 41 PCs, 24 PEs, 23 Plasmenyl-PCs, 10 Plasmenyl-PEs, 10 MGs, 63 DGs, 187 TGs, 2 MGDGs, 3 Cer[NDS]s, 22 Cer[NS]s, 2 GlcCer[NS]s, 14 SMs, 14 CEs, and 6 AcylCarnitines) were characterized. Fifty-five lipids were differentially altered (VIP > 1.5, p < 0.05) between the extraction techniques, which can be used as potential biomarkers to differentiate SPO extracted by various methods. Additionally, the contents of oleic acid and arachidic acid were abundant in all samples that may suggest their medicinal values and are conducive to in-depth research. These findings reveal the alterations of lipid profile and free fatty acid composition in SPO obtained with different extraction methods, providing a theoretical foundation for investigating its important components as functional factors in medicines and cosmetics.

Physicochemical and thermal characterization of the edible shellac films incorporated with oleic acid to enhance flexibility, water barrier and retard aging

In this work, shellac plasticized with oleic acid was solvent cast to prepare the flexible and water-resistant film for packaging applications. The films were prepared with varying amounts of oleic acid and studied in detail for appearance, surface morphology, thermal, chemical, barrier, mechanical, and robustness. The surface morphology confirmed the smooth surface of films up to SH-OA20 (100:20 w/w; shellac: oleic acid). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that oleic acid reduced the hydrogen bonding of the shellac matrix to provide a plasticization effect. Also, the thermal analysis showed a reduction in the melting enthalpy. Moreover, the plasticized films had a better barrier to water vapor due to increased smoothness and reduction in brittleness. Adding oleic acid also increased the elongation at break up to 40 % without any changes in tensile strength. The flexibility of the films increased with the oleic acid content, making them resistant to burst, crumbling, bending, rolling, and stretching. Oleic acid also showed the retardation of aging and thermal aging of shellac. In the future, the long-term stability and migration of the films can be investigated.

The effect of supplementation with rubber seed kernel pellet on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and fatty acid profiles in swamp buffalo

BackgroundRubber seed kernel is a by-product derived from rubber tree plantations. It is rich in C18 unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and has the potential to be used as a protein source for ruminant diets. This investigation has been conducted to determine the influence of rubber seed kernel pellet (RUSKEP) supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and fatty acid profiles in swamp buffalo. Using a completely randomized design (CRD) and supplementation of RUSKEP at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% dry matter (DM) of substrate.ResultsThe supplementation with RUSKEP had no effect on gas kinetics, cumulative gas production, or degradability. Ruminal pH decreased linearly (P < 0.01) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration decreased quadratically (P < 0.01) by RUSKEP supplementation. The proportion of acetate (C2) decreased linearly (P < 0.01), but propionate (C3) and butyrate (C4) increased linearly (P < 0.01), resulting in a decrease in the acetate to propionate ratio (C2:C3) (P < 0.01) by RUSKEP supplementation. With an increasing level of dietary RUSKEP, there was a slight increase in UFA in the rumen by increasing the oleic acid (OA; C18:1 cis-9 + trans-9), linoleic acid (LA; C18:2 cis-9,12 + trans-9,12), and α-linolenic acid (ALA; C18:3 cis-9,12,15) concentrations (P < 0.01).ConclusionsAdding up to 10% of RUSKEP could improve in vitro rumen fermentation and C18 unsaturated fatty acids, especially ALA, in swamp buffalo.

254 Effect of feeding high oleic soybean oil to finishing pigs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary fat source and feeding duration on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing pigs. Finishing pigs [n = 450; 21 wk of age; initial body weight (BW) = 113.7 ± 8 kg] were housed in 90 pens and assigned to one of five dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design. Dietary treatments consisted of two fat sources (CWG: 4% inclusion of choice white grease and HOSO: 4% inclusion of high oleic soybean oil) each provided 2 or 4 wk before marketing. The “+1” diet was a corn-based diet without fat inclusion (CON). Observations included pig growth performance (on d 14 and d 28 of feeding), carcass characteristics (12 pigs per treatment at marketing), fatty acid profile in the loins and bellies, and a consumer sensory evaluation. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS considering dietary treatment as a main effect, feeding duration, and their interactions. Contrast tests were used to compare dietary treatments with control group. From d 14 to 28 and overall experimental period (d 0–28), pigs fed fat-supplemented diets had a greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) average daily gain and gain to feed ratio than CON fed pigs. There was no significant difference (P &amp;gt; 0.05) in growth performance when comparing fat sources or feeding periods. Pigs supplemented with either CWG or HOSO showed a tendency to have a greater (P &amp;lt; 0.1) belly weight and belly yield, and a lesser (P &amp;lt; 0.1) loin yield and loin muscle area when compared with CON pigs. Loins from the 2-wk period of fat supplementation had darker (Coloration l, P &amp;lt; 0.05) meat coloration when compared with 4 wk. The loin from pigs fed fat sources had greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) concentration of oleic acid and eicosenoic acid when compared with CON. This improvement was mainly from HOSO. When CWG was compared with HOSO, pigs fed CWG had a greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) concentration of palmitic acid and stearic acid while the HOSO pigs had a greater concentration of oleic acid and linolenic acid in the loin. In the belly, CON had greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) concentration of palmitic acid and stearic acid while pigs fed fat sources had a greater concentration of oleic acid and eicosenoic acid. Bellies from HOSO had greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) concentration of oleic acid and α-linolenic acid methyl ester while CWG had greater concentration of g-linolenic acid. As for the sensory evaluation, the palatability and acceptability of pork were not affected (P &amp;gt; 0.05) by dietary treatments. In conclusion, supplementation with HOSO not only improved performance but tended to improve some carcass characteristics and increased the concentration of oleic acid and some other unsaturated FAs with a concomitant decrease in the concentration of some saturated FAs in pork.

134 Does inclusion of high oleic soybeans in a swine finishing ration influence lipid oxidation and consumer taste panel preference?

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine if a swine finishing ration that included soybeans with greater concentration of oleic acid will have an impact on lipid oxidation and palatability of pork. Crossbred pigs [n = 72; initial body weight (BW) = 78 ± 9 kg] were blocked by BW, sex, and distributed within 18 pens. Each pen was randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental diets: a control soybean-meal (CTRL), extruded conventional soybean (CONV), and extruded high oleic acid soybean (TRU). Six different harvest groups (n = 12/group) were created across treatments to ensure uniformity of final BW. Therefore, experimental diets were offered to animals for 34, 37, 41, 42, 48, or 50 d, until all pigs reached 118 ± 5 kg. Carcasses were harvested, and chilled (2°C) for 24 h, before fabricating one 2.5 cm chop from the 11th rib of the right carcass side. The chops were vacuum packaged, aged for 7 d at 2 oC, and frozen (-18 oC) for later sensory analysis. Pork chops were thawed and cooked to 71 oC peak internal temperature (AMSA sensory guidelines) and fed to 115 consumers that rated overall liking, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and presence of off flavors using hedonic scales. Also, a 50 g sample was obtained from each loin at the 12th rib, aged for 7 d and frozen at -80 oC for evaluation of malondialdehyde (MDA) as indicator of lipid oxidation. Subcutaneous fat samples were obtained from the first thoracic vertebra, frozen, and saved for fatty acid analysis. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS where diet was the main effect, while pen and breed were random effects. Repeated measures were used to analyze the consumer panel. Differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 with pen as experimental unit. There were no significant differences (P &amp;gt; 0.05) for consumer perception of overall like, pork flavor, and presence of off flavors. Experimental diets impacted the perception of juiciness and tenderness (P &amp;lt; 0.05), where CONV was perceived as juicier and more tender than CTRL and TRU. As expected, diet affected the fatty acid profile of subcutaneous fat (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), with TRU having the greatest percentage for oleic (43.9 %), CONV the greatest percentage for linoleic and linolenic (17.8 and 1.3 % respectively), and CTRL for saturated fatty acids (34.5 %). Surprisingly, the lipid oxidation was not affected by the diet (P &amp;gt; 0.05). These results indicate that feeding extruded high oleic soybeans during the finishing period can modify the fatty acid profile in pork by improving the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids, so these soybeans can be considered as an alternative to improve nutritional value of pork without increasing the lipid oxidation or affecting the consumers acceptability.

Evaluation of Agronomic and Oil Characteristics of Selected Turkish Poppy Genotypes under Ankara’s Climate Conditions

Poppy is a minor agronomic field crop that is cultivated under a UN license. It is known for its alkaloids and seeds, and, rarely, for the latter’s use in ethnomedicine. Changing climate conditions could lead to the need for alternate areas for poppy cultivation in Türkiye. This experiment was conducted in Ankara, which is not a poppy production area. The morphological characteristics and oil characteristics of 19 Turkish poppy genotypes were determined over two years. According to the results, the emergence time was between 10 and 22 days, the flowering time ranged from 197 to 214 days, while the harvest maturation time was between 250 and 269 days. The plant height varied from 75.8 to 97.5 cm, the weight of 1000 seeds ranged from 305.0 to 428.0 mg, and the weight of the seeds per plant was between 2.95 and 5.78 g. Furthermore, the yield ranged from 100.7 to 202.3 kg da−1, the fat content was between 38.8 and 44.1%, and the protein content ranged from 15.9 to 18.4%. The linoleic acid content ranged from 66.77% to 75.60%, the oleic acid content ranged from 10.78% to 19.46%, and the palmitic acid content ranged from 8.38% to 9.90%. The highest yield in Ankara was obtained from the Çelikoğlu cultivar.

Effect of plant density on total oil quality and fatty acid compositions in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars

Research in the Eastern Mediterranean Transition Region of Türkiye has demonstrated that plant density impact yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars differentially. It is suspected that interactions of plant density and cultivar could also impact oil quality and fatty acid composition when grown in this region. This topic has not been addressed in the country; therefore, the objective of this research was to determine if plant density can affect those variables. The study was conducted in 2020 and 2021 in the zone of Osmaniye to determine total oil content of kernels, and contents of oleic acid, palmitic acid, arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and lignoceric acid, as well as iodine value and oleic/linoleic ratio for the cultivars Halisbey, Rigel, Aysehanım, NC 7, and Masal. Plant response was in most instances different regardless of plant populations made up of a single row planting pattern with rows spaced 70 cm apart (95.000 plants ha-1) compared with a twin row planting pattern with rows spaced 20 cm apart on 90 cm centers with an intra-row distance of 15 cm (148.000 plants ha-1). It is concluded that no differences in oil quality and fatty acid composition were noted when comparing cultivars established at various combinations of planting pattern and plant population, but there were notable differences among the cultivars.

Alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation improves rice cooking and eating quality by optimizing lipid and fatty acid synthesis in grains

Alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) plays crucial roles in regulating the cooking and eating quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, it remains unclear about how AWD influences rice cooking and eating quality. Lipid and free fatty acids in grains are positively related with cooking and eating quality of rice. In this study, Yangdao 6 (YD6, a conventional taste indica inbred) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ9108, a superior taste japonica inbred) were planted in the field with conventional irrigation (CI), alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation (AWMD), and alternate wetting and severe drying irrigation (AWSD) from 10 days after transplanting to maturity. The relationships between the biosynthesis of lipid and free fatty acids in grains and cooking and eating quality of rice were investigated. Compared with CI treatment, the AWMD significantly increased contents of lipid, total free fatty acids (TFFAs), free unsaturated fatty acids (FUFAs), linoleic acid, and oleic acid in milled rice by promoting activities of the enzymes associated with lipid synthesis, while AWSD regime exerted the opposite effect. Correlation analysis showed that higher contents of lipid, TFFAs, FUFAs, linoleic acid, and oleic acid were more beneficial to improvement in rice cooking and eating quality. These results demonstrated that AWMD regime could improve cooking and eating quality of milled rice by optimizing lipid and fatty acid synthesis in rice grains.

Mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 1 regulating fatty liver disorder in mule ducks

Mule ducks tend to accumulate abundant fat in their livers via feeding, which leads to the formation of a fatty liver that is several times larger than a normal liver. However, the mechanism underlying fatty liver formation has not yet been elucidated. Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), a member of the FGF superfamily, is involved in cellular lipid metabolism and mitosis. This study aims to investigate the regulatory effect of FGF1 on lipid metabolism disorders induced by complex fatty acids in primary mule duck liver cells and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. Hepatocytes were induced by adding 1500:750 µmol/L oleic and palmitic acid concentrations for 36 h, which were stimulated with FGF1 concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 ng/mL for 12 h. The results showed that FGF1 significantly reduced the hepatic lipid droplet deposition and triglyceride content induced by complex fatty acids; it also reduced oxidative stress; decreased reactive oxygen species fluorescence intensity and malondialdehyde content; upregulated the expression of antioxidant factors nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), HO-1, and NQO-1; significantly enhanced liver cell activity; promoted cell cycle progression; inhibited cell apoptosis; upregulated cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and BCL-2 mRNA expression; and downregulated Bax and Caspase-3 expression. In addition, FGF1 promoted AMPK phosphorylation, activated the AMPK pathway, upregulated AMPK gene expression, and downregulated the expression of SREBP1 and ACC1 genes, thereby alleviating excessive fat accumulation in liver cells induced by complex fatty acids. In summary, FGF1 may alleviate lipid metabolism disorders induced by complex fatty acids in primary mule duck liver cells by activating the AMPK signaling pathway.

EXTRACTION, OPTIMIZATION AND QUALITY CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL FROM HASS AVOCADO (PERSEA AMERICANA) VARIETY GROWN IN ETHIOPIA (WONDOGENET)

The purpose of this research was to extract, optimize and characterizethe qualityof oil from Hass avocado variety which is grown in Wondogenet, Ethiopia. Oil was extracted from Hass avocado pulp using soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction and some process parameter for optimization were carried out. Hass avocado is rich in fat (22.80±0.00%). The effects of three factors (particle size, solvent to sample ratio and extraction time) on the oil yield were considered. The optimum extraction conditions for soxhlet extraction were found to be at 8 h reaction time, particle size of 1.4mm and solvent to solid ratio of 20:1 with a maximum yield of 69.7%, while the optimum extraction conditions for ultrasonic extraction were found at 1.5 h reaction time, particle size of 2mm and solvent to solid ratio of 15:1 with a maximum percentage yield of 67.2%. The analyses of the oil characteristics demonstrated that the oil extracted by soxhlet extraction shows lower PV, FFA, MVM and Alkalinity than oil extracted using Ultrasonic extraction. The results of fatty acid profile displayed that the oleic and linoleic acid contents of the soxhlet extracted oil were higher than that of the Ultrasonic extracted oil while palmitic and butanoic acid were higher in ultrasound extracted oil. Generally, ultrasound assisted extraction showed a promising oil yield regarding short extraction time and low solvent consumption but its oil quality is lower than that of soxhlet extracted oil.