Concentration Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Nano-priming of Vigna radiata seeds with opuntia stricta-derived γFe2O3 nanoparticles

The experimental investigation aimed to enhance sustainable and biocompatible nano-agriculture by examining the possible effects of biosynthesized nanoparticles (γFe2O3 NPs) on seed growth and growth parameters of Vigna radiata. The outcomes of various characterization procedures such as FTIR, XRD, UV, and Fe-SEM were used to determine the successful generation of γFe2O3 NPs (nanoparticles), which were capped with multiple phytoconstituents contained in the Opuntia stricta extract. γFe2O3 NPs were synthesised, as evidenced by the peak's presence, having a mean crystallite size of 13.9 nm, and were successfully detected using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crucial Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) testing also yielded unambiguous proof of the element iron's presence. Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the synthesis of pure maghemite nanoparticles. Wide areas around 350, 500, 670, and 1330 cm-1 values verify the creation of pure maghemite. TGA analysis was performed to check the stability of nanoparticles in which the residual weight was found to be 87.62%. TEM images confirm the spherical shape, and the mean size of the nanoparticles was found to be 12.28 nm. Through a number of tests, the analysis showed that the nanoparticles have a strong antioxidant capacity. This experiment aimed to determine how biogenic γFe2O3 Nanoparticles affected Vigna radiata seed germination. Measurements of shoot and root lengths, seed vigour index, germination rates, mean daily germination, and peak value (PV) were all included of the assessment. There was a total of four distinct γFe2O3 NPs concentrations examined (25, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL). The penetration of the γFe2O3 NPs affects the germination and growth of the Vigna radiata seeds. When compared to untreated seeds, the germination index values for Vigna radiata seeds that underwent effective treatment with γFe2O3 NPs significantly improved.

In vitro and in vivo study of 221Fr and 213Bi progeny release from the 225Ac-labelled TiO2 nanoparticles

BackgroundTargeted alpha therapy (TAT) is an effective option for cancer treatment. To maximize its efficacy and minimize side effects, carriers must deliver radionuclides to target tissues. Most of the nuclides used in TAT decay via the alpha cascade, producing several radioactive daughter nuclei with sufficient energy to escape from the original carrier. Therefore, studying these daughter atoms is crucial in the search for new carriers. Nanoparticles have potential as carriers due to their structure, which can prevent the escape of daughter atoms and reduce radiation exposure to non-target tissues. This work focuses on determining the released activity of 221Fr and 213Bi resulting from the decay of 225Ac labelled TiO2 nanoparticles. ResultsLabelling of TiO2 nanoparticles has shown high sorption rates of 225Ac and its progeny, 221Fr and 213Bi, with over 92 % of activities sorbed on the nanoparticle surface for all measured radionuclides. However, in the quasi-dynamic in vitro system, the released activity of 221Fr and 213Bi is strongly dependent on the nanoparticles concentration, ranging from 15 % for a concentration of 1 mg/mL to approximately 50 % for a nanoparticle concentration of 10 μg/mL in saline solution. The released activities of 213Bi were lower, with a maximum value of around 20 % for concentrations of 0.05, 0.025, and 0.01 mg/mL. The leakage of 225Ac and its progeny was tested in various biological matrices. Minimal released activity was measured in saline at around 10 % after 48 h, while the maximum activity was measured in blood serum and plasma at 20 %. The amount of 225Ac released into the media was minimal (<3 %). The in vitro results were confirmed in a healthy mouse model. The difference in %ID/g was clearly visible immediately after dissection and again after 6 h when 213Bi reached equilibrium with 225Ac. ConclusionThe study verified the potential release of 225Ac progeny from the labelled TiO2 nanoparticles. Experiments were performed to determine the dependence of released activity on nanoparticle concentration and the biological environment. The results demonstrated the high stability of the prepared 225Ac@TiO2 NPs and the potential release of progeny over time. In vivo studies confirmed our hypothesis. The data obtained suggest that the daughter atoms can escape from the original carrier and follow their own biological pathways in the organism.

Physical and thermal improvement of bioplastics based on potato starch/agar composite functionalized with biogenic ZnO nanoparticles

This study investigated potato starch/agar-based bioplastics' structure, properties, and biodegradability by adding ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) biogenically synthesized using Coriandrum sativum extract. ZnO NPs presented crystalline structure, good optical properties, and a size of 6.75 ± 1.4 nm, which were added at various concentrations (419.66–104.23 ppm) in bioplastics and their presence was confirmed via EDS elemental analysis and X-ray fluorescence. The highest NPs concentration contributed to a smoother surface, while FTIR and Raman analyses suggested interactions between the NPs and functional groups of the biopolymeric matrix. ZnO NPs addition slightly reduced bioplastic transparency but significantly improved UV-A and UV-B blocking capacities. It also increased hydrophobicity, evidenced by a 22 % reduction in water absorption and a 55 % increase in contact angle. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that NPs raised the bioplastic's thermal stability. Mechanical property tests showed that ZnO NPs concentrations had negligible or negative effects probably due to the heterogeneous distribution of NPs, or the non-isotropic characteristic of the bioplastic. Finally, biodegradability assays in seawater and soil revealed over 43.5 % and 66 % degradation after 15 and 28 days, respectively. Therefore, biosynthesized ZnO NPs mainly enhanced the bioplastic's UV-blocking capacity, hydrophobicity, and thermal properties, offering an eco-friendly option for future studies/applications.

Bioconvection across a revolving sphere under the influence of bilateral chemical reactions with temperature- and space- dependent heat generation

This paper discusses the time-dependent mixed convection flow of nanofluids (Al2O3-water) due to a stagnation-point over a rotating sphere in the presence of motile microorganisms. The suspension is considered to be electro-conducting and Joule heating impacts are not neglected. Exponential behaviors are considered for the included heat generation and chemical reaction influences. Besides, the non-linear radiation flux takes place in the flow area. Computational analyses are introduced for the problem formulations after converting them to similar forms. From the major results, the exponential heat generation enhances the temperature distributions while the exponential behaviors of the chemical reaction have negative influences on the nanoparticle concentration. Also, the skin friction coefficients in x− and z−directions get higher values when the rotational and the mixed convection parameters are rising. Further, the thermal scenario diminishes with increasing nanoparticle diameter, however the thermal radiation factor and the ratio between the liquid and the nanolayer conductivity significantly enhance the thermal characteristics of the water-based Al2O3 nanofluid. The findings offer practical information that might be applied to improve system performance in a number of fields, which could involve fluid mechanics, pharmaceutical technology, and thermal management, among others.

Thermal analysis of nonlinear mixed convection effects within wavy enclosure

The analysis in this study focusses on the transfer of heat within a wavy cavity in the presence of nonlinear mixed convection and MHD. We conduct the investigation under conditions where the upper wall of the cavity remains cold, the lower wall receives heat, and the left and right wavy walls remain adiabatic. Using the PDE solver in COMSOL, the non-dimensional system is simplified, employing the finite element method. The study aims to explore the impact of parameters such as nanoparticle concentration, Hartmann number, Reynolds number, Richardson number, and nonlinear mixed convection parameters on fluid flow and heat transfer. An artificial neural network has been employed to examine the behaviour of the Nusselt number within a cavity. The isotherms reveal that the temperature is higher near the lower wall for all parameters due to the heated source. Analysis of the streamline plots indicates that heat increases as it moves towards the upper wall, influenced by the Hartman number and volume fraction parameter. The use of ANN in the study forecasts the accuracy, smoothness, and convergence of the data through plots of mean squared error (MSE), error histogram, regression analysis, and transition state plot. The authors believe that using artificial neural networks to explore the heat transfer rate under the assumptions of MHD and nonlinear mixed convection is a novel approach that has not been previously investigated. Additionally, researchers can utilise ANN concepts to predict intricate cavity formations through multiphysics. This approach will require less human effort and computing time to analyse the heat response of any dataset.

Investigation of mechanical, barrier, and antibacterial properties of PBST composites strengthened with KH-570 silane-coated MgO/Ag nanoparticles

MgO/Ag nanoparticles (NPs) have been surface modified with the silane coupling agent KH-570. The modified NPs (KMA) were added to poly (butylene succinate-co-terephthalate) (PBST) to prepare the K-PMA composite films. The modification improved the compatibility between MgO/Ag NPs and PBST matrix. The study comprehensively investigated the effects of modified MgO/Ag NPs on the mechanical, antibacterial, and preservation properties of bio-nanocomposite films. The incorporation of NPs substantially improved the mechanical and barrier properties of the PBST matrix. The composite films exhibited the best overall performance when the nanoparticle content is 3 %. In particular, the elongation at break, tensile strength, and water vapor permeability (WVP) were 794.67 %, 32.20 MPa, and 1.53 × 10−11 g·m/m2·s·Pa, respectively. Furthermore, the K-PMA-3 composite film exhibited excellent antibacterial properties and food preservation performance. The inhibition rates against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Salmonella paratyphi B (S. paratyphi B) were all over 98 %. After 6 days of preservation experiments, the mass loss of cherry tomatoes wrapped with K-PMA-3 film was only 5.9 %, which was only 45 % of the mass loss of cherry tomatoes wrapped with PMA-3 film. The results showed that the prepared biofilms have a great potential to be used as food packaging films.

The interaction of cinchonine and immunoglobulin G and the development of a nanocomplex with improved anti-breast cancer activity

In this study we evaluated the interaction of cinchonine (Cin) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Then, Cin-IgG nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and characterized. Finally, the anticancer effects of free Cin and Cin-IgG NPs on MCF-7 breast cancer (BC) cells were evaluated. The results of spectroscopy measurements show that the IgG-Cin complex's quenching mechanism is static and the structure of IgG was partially changed following interaction with Cin. The prepared Cin-IgG NPs display a hydrodynamic size of 190 nm with a PDI of 0.269, a zeta potential of −38.05 mV, an EE% of 72.38 %, a LC% of 5.41 %, and a pH-sensitive drug release behavior. In the cellular assay, it was found that the calculated IC50 concentrations of Cin, IgG NPs, and Cin-IgG NPs are 66.4 ± 5.39, >100, and 29.2 ± ± 4.11 μM, respectively, in MCF-7 BCE cells. Finally, Cin-IgG NPs induce a greater effect on the overexpression of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and downregulation of PI3K/p-AKT compared to the free drug. In conclusion, this study shows that Cin has the potential to bind IgG as a human plasma protein, and its complexation into a NP form with IgG can boost its anti-BC effects.

Catalytic degradation of aromatic dyes using triazolidine-thione stabilized Nickel nanoparticles

Nanoparticles have been extensively studied for many years due to their important roles in catalysis, metallurgy and high temperature superconductors. But, Nanoparticles are extremely unstable and easily react with other substances. So, to control the size and the shape of nanoparticles they must be stabilized. Organic Ligands have gain more attention for stabilizing Nanoparticles. In the present work, Nickel Nanoparticles have been synthesized by reduction method and then stabilized by synthesized 5-phenyl triazolidine-thione based organic ligand to achieve larger surface area and good catalytic activity. Stabilized Nickel NPs of different ratios were synthesized for analyzing their catalytic performance against dyes that has become one of the most serious environmental problem causing drastic water pollution. The prepared thione stabilized Nickel nanoparticles were confirmed by UV-Visible and Infrared Spectroscopy. UV/Vis analysis displayed the peak at 236 nm which confirms the metallic Ni NPs formation while, in FTIR peak around 720-750cm-1 is due to the nickel and sulphur bond stretching vibrations. The size, surface morphology and the quality of the stabilized Ni Nanoparticles were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. SEM images showed uneven morphology with variously sized and shaped particles. Large surface area is visible which is advantageous for catalytic degradation of pollutants. The degradation process was studied by using UV-visible Spectroscopy. The catalytic behavior of stabilized nanoparticles was evaluated by using various parameters i.e. time, concentration and size of NPs. These parameters were optimized during degradation process to get maximum degradation in short period of time. Maximum percentage degradation of Methylene blue, Methyl Orange and Rhodamine B dyes were achieved up to 90%, 88% and 81% respectively, in short duration of time. All the three ratios of thione stabilized Ni Nanoparticles showed good degrading performance for all dyes, but 1:2 thione stabilized Ni NPs had shown maximum catalytic performance.

Performance Enhancement of Green synthesized ZnO Nanocomposite Ultrafiltration Membrane for Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution

Nano-membranes are gaining significant attention for various applications, including water treatment, ion concentration control, desalination, and a range of biomedical uses. However, this advanced technology faces challenges such as toxicity and fouling from contaminants, which raises safety concerns regarding the synthesis of green and sustainable membranes. In this study, green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) derived from blue-green algae Arthrospira platensis were combined with cellulose acetate (CA) to fabricate ultrafiltration (UF) nanocomposite membranes designed for the removal of Chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions. This ensures that our material is environmentally friendly and poses no risk of ecotoxicity, unlike conventional synthetic materials that may have harmful environmental impacts. The membranes were synthesized using the phase inversion technique and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and water contact angle (WCA) assess their chemical composition and morphological structure. The performance of the membranes was evaluated by measuring water flux and Cr(VI) removal. The concentration of ZnO NPs influenced the membranes’ morphology, performance, surface hydrophilicity, and Cr(VI) removal efficiency. Various concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) were added to the CA membrane. The findings revealed that the membrane containing 3 wt% ZnO NPs achieved a Cr(VI) removal efficiency of 94.77 %, an adsorption capacity (qe) of 11.28 µg/cm2, and exhibited excellent hydrophilicity with a contact angle of 34.7°. Additionally, the water flux of the CA/ZnO NPs nanocomposite membrane was 53 % higher than that of the neat CA membrane. The kinetic data suggested that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the membrane followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Among the isotherm models applied, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm provided the best fit for the experimental data. In summary, our study not only introduces an environmentally sustainable and economically viable method for producing ZnO NPs, but it also highlights the superior performance of the nanocomposite membranes in treating polluted water. This makes our approach a valuable contribution to the development of green technology for environmental applications, offering promising potential for industrial and ecological implementation.

Al2O3 Nanoparticles Infiltered in the Fifth-Generation Adhesive to Carious Dentin. A SEM, EDX, μTBS, and FTIR Assessment

Aluminum trioxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded in a fifth-generation adhesive to caries-affected dentin. Molars with occlusal caries were selected. Specimens underwent acid etching and were categorized into 4 groups based on the concentration of Al2O3 NPs in the fifth-generation adhesive. Group 1: 0% Al2O3 NPs, Group 2: 2% Al2O3 NPs, Group 3: 5% Al2O3 NPs and Group 4: 10% Al2O3 NPs. Surface characterization of Al2O3 NPs was assessed via SEM, elemental distribution of particles in Al2O3 was evaluated via EDX, DC was assessed via FTIR, and antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated through the pour plate method. Teeth underwent μTBS testing using the universal testing machine. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess the difference in survival rates of S. mutans. The means of different groups were compared using ANOVA and Tukey’s posthoc test to ascertain significant differences. The highest DC was observed in unmodified adhesive. The lowest DC was displayed in group 4. The highest μTBS scores were observed in group 3 samples. The lowest μTBS was observed in group 1 samples. The most effective group against S. mutans was 4. The ER adhesive loaded with 2 wt% and 5 wt% Al2O3 NPs exhibited superior μTBS and antibacterial effectiveness. The addition of Al2O3 to the adhesive resulted in a reduction in the degree of conversion.

Flexural strength and surface hardness of nanocomposite denture base resins

PurposeHigher bending forces during chewing and occlusal loading can lead to the deformation of denture bases. Roughness and microbial adhesion can be the result of improper care of the denture. Many attempts have been made to improve the properties of denture bases through the addition of different materials. The present study aimed to evaluate the surface hardness and flexural strength (FS) of newly formulated nanocomposite denture base resin made by adding zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate resin in concentrations of 1 % and 2 %. MethodsRectangular metal master dies of dimension 65mm × 10mm × 3.3 mm for flexural strength and 30mm × 10mm × 3 mm for surface hardness were made. These dies were duplicated in 120 acrylic resin samples. These samples were divided into five groups in which group I is control group samples in conventional resin and group II,III, IV &V contained 1 % and 2 % concentrations of ZnO & TiO2 nanoparticles in heat cure acrylic resin. The processing and finishing of the models were done. Flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine and surface hardness using a Rockwell hardness testing machine. ResultsThe minimum SH reported was 101.7 HRM while FS was 81.1 MPa and maximum was 118.7 HRM and 131.8 MPa respectively. The results showed that group IV containing 1 % TiO2 nanoparticles showed the highest surface hardness values whereas the flexural strength was highest in group II containing 1 % ZnO nanoparticles. The analysis of variance showed a p value of <0.001 which was statistically highly significant. ConclusionNanocomposite denture base resins modified with ZnO & TiO2 nanoparticles have more flexural strength and surface hardness than conventional denture base resin. Clinical implicationThe hardness of a denture base material can be increased by adding these nanoparticles for long term use in oral cavity and in cases prone to denture fracture.

Green approach of cobalt sulfide nanoparticles from novel red stigma of Crocus sativus and multifaceted biomedical advancement

The present study was based on green protocols for synthesizing cobalt sulfide nanoparticles using saffron stigma flower extract (Crocus sativus), as saffron is considered a potent traditional medicine. Furthermore, the novel cobalt sulfide (CoS) nanoparticles prepared by the green approach for the first time with saffron improved showed cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity, as well as significant antitumor activity of Hela, A549, and MCF 7 cells viz in vitro studies. The saffron-cobalt sulfide nanoparticles underwent characterization using various techniques which include the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Advances in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and the energy dispersive X-ray analysis spectroscopy. Both XRD, and FTIR confirmed the synthesis of pure cobalt sulfide nanoparticles. The resulting saffron-based cobalt sulfide nanoparticles exhibited a nanosphere structure, as confirmed by HRTEM, indicating the formation of nanosphere and microstructures. In vitro studies were conducted to assess the cytotoxicity and cell viability of Hela cells, A549, and MCF-7 cells. And, antibacterial studies were performed against various bacterial strains using different concentrations of cobalt sulfide nanoparticles derived from the red stigma of saffron (Crocus sativus) only the red stigma extract. The MTT assay analysis, cell viability, and morphological studies demonstrated the cytotoxic studies of the synthesized cobalt sulfide nanoparticles on cancer cells. The antibacterial test of the nanoparticles was also evaluated, revealing significant zones of inhibition (mm) against pathogens and cobalt sulfide nanoparticles using saffron extract, showcasing their potent cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antitumor activities with promising biomedical applications.

Selenium nanoparticles: effect of autoclave treatment on size, shape, phase and antimicrobial properties

Amorphous selenium nanoparticles have been synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids. After undergoing a thermal treatment at 121°C for 60 minutes, the amorphous nanoparticles crystallized into trigonal ones. The antimicrobial properties of both amorphous and trigonal nanoparticles have been compared; and the amorphous ones displayed better antibacterial and antifungal properties compared to the trigonal ones. Specifically, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans were almost completely inhibited in the presence of amorphous selenium nanoparticles at 0.025 microgram/ml concentrations after 24 hours of in vitro culture, compared to controls (no nanoparticles). In summary, such a high sensitivity of these bacterial and fungal strains to low concentrations of amorphous selenium nanoparticles warrants further investigation to develop efficient anti-bacterial and anti-fungal treatments.

Comparative Study and Transcriptomic Analysis on the Antifungal Mechanism of Ag Nanoparticles and Nanowires Against Trichosporon asahii.

Silver nanomaterials have been widely proven to have antifungal effects against Trichosporon asahii. However, the antifungal mechanism of silver nanomaterials with different morphologies still needs to be explored. Herein, the antifungal effect of silver nanomaterials against fungus was comparative investigated via silver nanowires and silver nanoparticles with a similar size (30 nm). The optimal antifungal concentration of silver nanowires is 6.24μg/mL, meanwhile the antifungal concentration of silver nanoparticles is 100μg/mL. The silver nanowires are significantly superior to the silver nanoparticles. SEM and TEM results indicated that both silver nanoparticles and silver nanowires showed significant morphological changes in the mycelium of the strain, compared with the control. The lower MFC value of silver nanowires indicates good sterilization effect and suitability for eradication treatment, which is slower than that of silver nanoparticles. Moreover, we also investigated the toxicological effects of silver nanoparticles and silver nanowires. We comparative studied and transcriptomic analyzed the antifungal mechanism of Ag nanoparticles and nanowires against Trichosporon asahii. The antifungal effects of silver nanowires were better than the silver nanoparticles, especially in the metabolic processes and oxidative phosphorylation. RNA sequencing results indicated that 15 key targets were selected for experimental verification to interpret the potential antifungal mechanism of Ag nanomaterials against fungus. This work proves that silver nanomaterials with different morphologies have potential applications in fungus therapy such as T. asahii.

Synergistic enhancement effect on surface Au nanoparticles decoration on Co-doped SnO2 nanobelts: High-response and selection for VOC gas sensing

The surface of Au nanoparticles (NPs) modified materials can greatly improve the physical and chemical properties of materials. Herein, enabling excellent sensing performances via the decoration of Au NPs on 0.5 wt% Co-doped SnO2 nanobelts (NBs) sensors is demonstrated. After decorating the content of Au NPs into three different ratios by controlling different sputtering times, denoted by Au-Co-SnO2-1, Au-Co-SnO2-1.5, and Au-Co-SnO2-2, respectively. According to the characterization results, the Au-Co-SnO2-1.5 based sensor exhibits the best gas sensing performances, for example, it achieves the highest response, which is nearly twenty times from 41 to 793, while the optimal operating temperature is reduced from 340 °C to 280 °C, and the response and recovery times have been reduced from 66 s to 63 s–44 s and 31 s in comparison with the pure SnO2 based sensor for 50 ppm 1-butanol. The morphological and microstructural properties of these NBs were analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms measurement and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS results show that the corresponding response magnitude is positively correlated with the proportion of adsorbed oxygen. On the basis of the investigation, the mechanism for enhanced gas sensing performances of Au-Co-SnO2-1.5 based sensor can be primarily ascribed to the synergistic effect of increasing surface-active sites caused by oxygen vacancies, promoting the formation of additional adsorbed oxygen.

New magnetic iron nanoparticle doped with selenium nanoparticles and the mechanisms of their cytoprotective effect on cortical cells under ischemia-like conditions

Ischemic stroke is the cause of high mortality and disability Worldwide. The material costs of stroke treatment and recovery are constantly increasing, making the search for effective and more cost-effective treatment approaches an urgent task for modern biomedicine. In this study, iron nanoparticles doped with selenium nanoparticles, FeNP@SeNPs, which are three-layered structures, were created and characterized using physical methods. Fluorescence microscopy, inhibitor and PCR analyzes were used to determine the signaling pathways involved in the activation of the Ca2+ signaling system of cortical astrocytes and the protection of cells from ischemia-like conditions (oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation). In particular, when using magnetic selenium nanoparticles together with electromagnetic stimulation, an additional pathway for nanoparticle penetration into the cell is activated through the activation of TRPV4 channels and the mechanism of their endocytosis is facilitated. It has been shown that the use of magnetic selenium nanoparticles together with magnetic stimulation represents an advantage over the use of classical selenium nanoparticles, as the effective concentration of nanoparticles can be reduced many times over.

Plasma synthesis and characteristics of nanocomposite coatings based on PVA and chitosan with incorporated nanoparticles for the healing of skin wounds

This study investigated the impact of new composites based on PVA and chitosan on wound healing in mice. Metal or metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized without reagents by creating an impulse discharge between metal electrodes in a polymer dispersion. Polymer composites and coatings were then prepared using these nanoparticles. The composites were analyzed using various techniques, including UV spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmittance electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The maximum concentration of nanoparticles in the composite was 3.5%. The average diameter of the nanoparticles was approximately 50-60 nm. The inclusion of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles accelerated the healing process by approximately 25%.

Synthesis and application of WO3/PVA nano composite for antibacterial and thermal insulation

Abstract Insulation of glass material is very important for sustainable environment in this real world without compromising its primary function. The aim of this research is to provide robust solution by synthesis the Nano Tungsten trioxide particles via the chemical precipitation method. Developed WO3 NPs Characterized by using x-ray diffraction for; crystal structure, compound composition, and average crystalline size. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) employed to analyze the shape and dimensions of the WO3 NPs. Explored the potential thermal insulation and antibacterial attributes by coating 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% concentration of synthesized WO3 NPs in polyvinyl alcohol onto a sodium silicate glass substrate (4 × 4 inches; 2 mm thickness) by using 50 μm doctor blade. WO3/PVA solution showed the antibacterial properties measure by agar disc diffusion method on gram positive and negative bacterial culture S. coli and E. bacterial culture and the obtained results after incubation were showing very minor zone of incubation as compare to previous studies. Thermal insulation of coated glass samples were increased with % of WO3 NPs concentration in PVA and validate by significant coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.985).

Influence of local meteorology and gaseous pollutant emissions on atmospheric nanoparticle concentrations in a pedestrian way in urban region

The roadside environment is one of the major sources of nanoparticle emission in the urban regions. The complex mixture of different pollutants makes it hard to understand the dynamics and behavior of nanoparticles. The study aims to analyze the dynamics of atmospheric nanoparticles ranging from 10 to 1000 nm along with local meteorological conditions and gaseous pollutants in a pedestrian way at a busy street in Delhi, a megalopolis in India, during all five major seasons of the study area. Nucleation mode particles were higher during the spring season, whereas the contribution of Aitken mode particles dominated the total particle number concentrations in the rest of the seasons. Due to the influence of vehicular sources, rush hour concentrations were higher than during non-rush hours. Thus, the diurnal pattern in particle concentration strongly coincided with emissions associated with the vehicular flow. During the winter season, the average total particle number concentration was observed to be maximum (4.1 × 104 cm-3) with a higher surface area of particles of 3.5 × 10-3 mm2m-3. Compared to the monsoon season, the concentration of NOX was 5 times higher in winter. The boundary layer height in the study region ranged from 600 to 2400 m during different seasons, and the maximum ventilation coefficient was observed to be >3000 m2s-1 during summer. Precipitation reduced the concentration of particles by half, from 2.2 x 104 to 1.1 x 104 cm-3, due to wet scavenging. The study revealed that the concentrations of particles depend not only on primary emissions but also are influenced by local meteorology and other co-emitted pollutants. Understanding the dynamics of atmospheric nanoparticles in urban roadside environments as outlined in this study is crucial to devise necessary mitigation measures for people residing near the road in order to reduce health impact and improve air quality.

Damping and acoustic properties of nanosilica filled poly(styrene-acrylate) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs): Effect of nanocomposite preparation method

Research on noise pollution reduction has focused on utilizing damping coatings and polymer nanocomposites to enhance sound absorption. Nanosilica/poly(styrene-acrylate) nanocomposites as a water-based coating were prepared through in-situ emulsion polymerization and direct mixing methods at varying concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 wt% of nanosilica. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that the inclusion of surfactant-containing micelles and a more extended synthesis period in the in-situ synthesis technique enhanced the interaction between silica nanoparticles and polymer chains. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed a unimodal distribution and an acceptable range of polydispersity index (PDI) for neat and nanocomposite latexes. The addition of silica nanoparticles enhanced the stability of latex particles, especially evident in the direct mixing method. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images confirmed the better dispersion of nanoparticles within the polymer matrix in the in-situ method. The addition of nanosilica resulted in a significant increase in pseudoplastic behavior and viscosity, notably in the in-situ synthesis. In both the in-situ synthesis and direct mixing techniques, the addition of 1 wt% of nanosilica resulted in an increase in the damping factor of nanocomposite films to about 2. However, when the nanosilica content was further increased to 3 wt%, the damping factor decreased. Acoustic tests demonstrated improved sound absorption with silica nanoparticles, yielding noise reduction coefficient (NRC) values of 0.49 and 0.46 for in-situ synthesis and direct mixing. The direct mixing method notably enhanced tensile properties at all nanoparticle content levels. Dried nanocomposite films exhibited superior UV-blocking capabilities compared to neat polymer films.