Content Analysis Method Research Articles

Analysis of Violations of Grice's Principles of Cooperation in the Mata Najwa Adu Kuat Program on Constitutional Affairs

This research aims to analyze violations of Grice's principles of cooperation in the Mata Najwa program "Strong Fight on Constitutional Issues" and analyze the various responses that arise to violations of Grice's principles of cooperation using Grice's theory. Grice's theory of the principle of cooperation was chosen to analyze the Mata Najwa program because violations of the maxim of the principle of cooperation often occur in everyday communication, including on social media, one of which is the Mata Najwa program. It is felt that Grice's theory of cooperative principles can analyze how communication occurs in the Mata Najwa program. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method using content analysis methods. . The data analysis techniques used in this research are the listening technique and the observing technique. The listening technique was carried out by the researcher repeatedly listening to the video that had been downloaded in the form of the Mata Najwa program video with the theme Strong Fight on Constitutional Issues. Meanwhile, the note-taking technique is carried out by recording conversations which are indeed a data violation of the Grice cooperation principle contained in the Mata Najwa program. The data source in this research is language activities that occurred in the Mata Najwa program with the theme Strong Fight on Constitutional Issues on Thursday 28 March 2024. The results of this research found 70 utterances that violated Grice's principle of cooperation. Of the 70 speech data, there are 23 speeches that violate the maxim of quantity. For maximum quality there are 10 flowing utterances. Furthermore, for the maxim of relevance there are 15 intersecting statements. For the manner/implementation maxim, there are 22 utterances that violate the manner/implementation maxim. The response that emerged after the violation of Grice's principle of cooperation in the Mata Najwa Adu Strong Constitutional Issue program was that the interlocutor often gave a firm attitude, asked for clarification of the statements made, talked about other topics, and some even gave indifferent or indifferent responses.

Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Karakter dalam Naskah Drama Anak-Anak Kerajaan Burung Karya Saini KM

This research aims to describe the values of character education in the children's drama script of the Kingdom of Birds by Saini KM. The object used in this study is the script of the drama Kingdom of Birds by Saini KM which contains the values of character education. This type of research is qualitative research using the content analysis method. The data collection technique is to read and understand the script of the drama Kingdom of the Bird by Saini KM with the aim of obtaining a clear understanding of the drama script, identifying dialogues or actions that have character education values in the script of the drama Kingdom of Birds by Saini KM, recording data related to character education values on the record sheet and inventorying the data that has been obtained in the form of a table format. The data analysis technique is to classify data regarding the character education values contained in the script of the drama Kingdom of Birds by Saini KM in the form of a data recording format, clarify or clarify the data that has been obtained, interpret the data regarding the values of character education in the script of the drama Kingdom of Birds by Saini KM and draw conclusions and report the results of data analysis. Based on the results of the data analysis, it was found that the values of character education in the script of the drama Kingdom of Birds by Saini KM, namely the values of character education (1) religious, (2) honest, (3) hard work, (4) democratic, (5) appreciating achievements, (6) friendly/communicative, (7) love of peace, (8) caring for the environment, (9) caring for social, and (10) responsibility.

Enhancing Physics Education in Ugandan Teacher Training Institutions: Technology Integration and Gender-Inclusive Teaching Strategies

Purpose: This article investigates strategies to enhance physics education in Ugandan Teacher Training Institutes (TTIs) by utilizing the TPACK framework. It focuses on technology integration, professional development for educators, and innovative teaching approaches to improve the quality of physics education. Methodology: Employing a mixed-method design, this study examined ICT and gender integration in physics teaching across three Teacher Training Institutions in Eastern Uganda. The research utilized case study and survey designs, gathering data from 14 Physics Lecturers and 14 TTI administrators through surveys, interviews, observations, and document analysis. Purposive sampling was used to select participants with relevant expertise. Data were analyzed using content analysis and quantitative methods in Excel, adhering to ethical protocols that included obtaining permissions and ensuring confidentiality. Findings: The study highlights that while physics lecturers possess strong subject matter and pedagogical knowledge, there is a notable deficiency in updated ICT skills and gender-inclusive practices. Key strategies for enhancing ICT competencies include implementing professional development programs, adopting blended learning models, and conducting ICT integration workshops. The research identifies that demographic factors and digital literacy significantly influence ICT integration, emphasizing the need for targeted training and resource allocation to create inclusive, technology-enhanced educational environments aligned with TPACK, DOI, and sociocultural theories. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: This study underscores the critical need for comprehensive training in ICT and gender inclusivity within TTIs. It emphasizes the importance of institutional support and policy development to modernize physics education, enhance pedagogical practices, and promote gender equity.

Exploring meaning: an analysis of denotative diction and connotative diction in Indonesian language textbook stories for second grade elementary school

This study examines denotative and connotative diction in Indonesian textbooks for grade II primary schools under the Merdeka Curriculum. The main objective of this study is to assess how denotative and connotative word choice can affect the understanding of diction in primary school students' stories. Through the content analysis method, this study evaluated various stories in the textbook, focusing on word choice and its influence on teaching effectiveness. Denotative diction and connotative diction were chosen as the objects of analysis because of their critical role in helping students understand literal texts, which is the foundation for further learning at an early age. Increased consistency of diction use across all subject matter to support learning effectiveness at the primary level. It is hoped that these findings can be used as a reference for curriculum development and the preparation of better Indonesian language textbooks in the future, in accordance with the principles of Merdeka Curriculum which supports inclusive and comprehensive education. The conclusion of the study shows that the use of words with clear and unambiguous denotative meanings tends to make it easier for students to understand the concepts taught. Through connotative diction learners can develop analytical skills that are important in reading and understanding texts.

Describing the status quo of person-centred dementia care in different types of care units in German nursing homes: A convergent mixed methods study

BackgroundThe policies and mission statements of nursing homes support the implementation of person-centred dementia care. The Dementia Policy Questionnaire assesses the content of person-centred dementia care in policies. To date, it is unknown whether these policies exist exclusively in dementia care units and whether the policies are consistent with the mission statements of nursing homes. ObjectiveWe aimed to (1) investigate nursing home care unit types regarding the existence of policies measured by the Dementia Policy Questionnaire, (2) explore whether these policies are addressed in the mission statements of the nursing homes, and (3) integrate both results. DesignThis is a convergent mixed methods study performed with a quantitative and qualitative dataset that was collected in the BeStaDem survey (2020). SettingThe BeStaDem survey included licensed nursing homes in Germany. ParticipantsA total of 134 nursing home administrators provided informed consent to participate in the BeStaDem survey. MethodsFor quantitative data, we performed Fisher's exact test to identify differences in the Dementia Policy Questionnaire item distribution of several types of care units (aim 1). To support the results of Fisher's exact test, we additionally applied logistic regression analysis. For qualitative data, we analyzed the mission statements deductively with the qualitative content analysis method (aim 2). For integration, we used a convergent triangulation approach (aim 3). ResultsThe quantitative data collected from 134 German nursing homes show significant associations among person-centred dementia care policies, such as behavior assessment, and nursing homes with dementia care units. Regarding the qualitative data, of the 60 mission statements in total, eight mission statements of nursing homes with dementia care units exclusively address aspects such as dementia-specific interventions. The convergent triangulation approach shows that the answers given by the nursing homes in the quantitative survey are not always consistent with what they address in their mission statements. ConclusionsNursing homes with dementia care units provide more person-centred dementia care policies than other care unit types do but mostly do not address these aspects in their mission statements. The implementation of person-centredness benefits from the existence of policies and mission statements if nursing homes clearly address what is meant by person-centred dementia care in their nursing home.

AUTISM IN ADULTS: Feelings and changes after a late diagnosis

Previously considered a rare childhood disorder, autism today is a frequent diagnosis with increasing demand in all age groups, including people who were not diagnosed in childhood, but who perceive characteristics of this condition. This study, which is part of a broader research on the experience of Brazilian adults who were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) after 18 years, aims to explore the feelings and life changes of this group of people after the diagnosis. To this end, a qualitative research was carried out in which 12 participants were interviewed and the data were analyzed using the content analysis method, in its categorical aspect. Considering the objective of this work, in the analysis of the interviews, these categories emerged: alexithymia, relif, revisiting the past, self-compassion and acquired rights. As a result, relief was observed as a feeling of great relevance and predominance, accompanied by a process of understanding the past and self-compassion and self-respect. It was concluded that the late receipt of the diagnosis of autism by this group of participants allowed a better understanding of their characteristics and behaviors, reducing the pressure they exerted on themselves, in addition to enabling access to rights guaranteed by law.

Experiences of Parents of Children with Cancer in the Diagnosis Process: A Qualitative Study.

This study aimed to describe the experiences of parents of children with cancer in the diagnosis process. A descriptive qualitative research design and content analysis method were used. Eleven parents participated in the study. Three main themes emerged, each with related sub-themes: encountering a cancer diagnosis, changes in the lives of those affected by the diagnosis, and coping strategies. Upon their children's diagnosis, parents reported feelings of guilt, regret, helplessness, devastation, constant thoughts of death, and changes in their lives, with some siblings displaying negative reactions. Some children felt their freedom was restricted, and some refused treatment. Parents coped by distracting their attention, praying, receiving support from their family, relatives or health professionals, and maintaining hope for their children's recovery. The study concludes that parents of children diagnosed with cancer require support to manage and adapt to the diagnosis process and meet their needs effectively throughout this difficult journey.

Postoperative rehabilitation exercise experiences of geriatric patients with femoral neck fractures based on the perspective of medical staff: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe incidence of femoral neck fractures in older adults is increasing each year. Active and reasonable postoperative rehabilitation exercises can restore the activity of geriatric patients with femoral neck fractures to a great extent, while also avoiding bedridden complications and re-fractures. This study explores the perspectives, experiences, and recommendations of medical staff regarding the implementation status, existing problems, promoting factors, and hindering factors of post-surgical rehabilitation exercises for geriatric patients with femoral neck fractures. The ultimate goal is to further optimize rehabilitation exercise programs and to expedite this process for patients. MethodsA qualitative, descriptive phenomenological study was conducted. A total of 21 clinical medical staff were selected using the purposive sampling method for semi-structured interviews. A content analysis method was used to collate and analyze the collected interview data.ResultsA total of 2 themes and 6 sub-themes were defined. The themes consisted of multiple obstacles occurring during the implementation of rehabilitation exercises and the scientific cognition of medical staff on these exercises. Respondents found that patient initiative during rehabilitation exercises was insufficient, that the comprehensiveness and continuity of exercises could not be guaranteed, and that unification between textbook theory and clinical practice was incomplete. Moreover, respondents believed that their professional quality should be excellent, but that staffing and organizational management required optimization, and that support was required for the implementation of rehabilitation exercises.ConclusionThis study investigated the opinions and experiences of medical staff during postoperative rehabilitation exercises in geriatric patients with femoral neck fractures. Collaborative efforts should fully engage hospitals, communities, and families, enhance the alignment of health education with patient needs, advance the scientific development of an integrated medical model by refining the curriculum and teaching system, and significantly elevate the level of medical science and technology. This study will serve as a valuable reference for the establishment of future professional, and personalized rehabilitation programs tailored for geriatric patients with femoral neck fractures.

HIJACKING OF STATE POWER ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOM BY COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS IN INDONESIA

This study aims to reveal the failure of the state to use its authority to ensure the fulfilment of religious freedom for all its citizens maximally and adequately because, in practice, the state sometimes takes refuge behind the slogan of neutrality when it sees the majority group committing violent practices against minority groups. This study uses a discourse analysis method with a phenomenological approach to understanding the meaning of various events and human interactions. Meanwhile, the data was collected through literature study, media study, and observation using content analysis and discourse analysis methods in processing the data. Then this research results in the finding that opening the state accommodation gap to the demands of the majority religious group will provide space for them to take advantage of the similarities in their religious ideology with state actors and then attempt to dictate state policy. The inability of the state to be neutral in solving the problems of its people, at the same time, has given rise to the impression that a handful of certain social classes have controlled the state. Even this research results also show that tendencies of intolerance and discrimination arise in the community.

Literature Study: Building Adolescent Mental Health by Tackling Toxic Culture Among Teens on Social Media

Today's teenagers are active social media users. However, in interacting on social media, people often engage in negative behaviour on social media or toxic culture, which can interfere with adolescent mental health. If allowed to continue, it will be dangerous for the next generation. A toxic culture will cause moral decline in a nation, which will have an impact on the mental health of the community itself. Therefore, this study aims to provide a deeper understanding of how toxic culture on social media impacts the mental health of adolescents. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature research method. Data analysis in this research uses the content analysis method of the literature that has been collected. The results showed that toxic culture on social media has a significant impact on adolescents' mental health. Forms of toxic culture that are often found on social media are body shaming, cyberbullying, addiction, and the spread of misinformation. It can have an impact on mental health, interpersonal relationships, and academic achievement and encourage risky behavior among adolescents. Therefore, efforts have been made to educate and improve digital literacy, parental guidance and supervision, content moderation, mental support, and community collaboration. These efforts have shown some degree of success. Factors influencing success include commitment and consistency from those involved, active involvement of parents, effective digital content moderation, adequate mental support, and strong community collaboration. However, there are failure factors such as lack of resources and funding, stigma and discrimination towards mental health issues, lack of coordination between stakeholders, resistance to change, and socio-cultural and economic factors.

Analysis of Conflict-Oriented Circumstances in the Social History of the Vedic Period: A Sociological Perspective

Purpose: The decline of the old and the emergence of the new; life and society involve a continuous series of conflicts within every social structure. Conflict has been a part of human civilization since ancient times, serving as a process for managing resources in socio-cultural structures. This article explores the different forms of conflict in Vedic social history, offering insights into an ancient civilization. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is based on a qualitative approach, using primarily secondary data. Information was gathered from Vedic texts, interactions with historians, historical documents of an ancient civilization, and research journal articles using historical content analysis. The content analysis method was used to analyze the collected data. Findings/Results: The pattern of production was based on animal husbandry and the agricultural system in the Vedic period. Land and livestock were the major resources of the production system. The practices of conflicts were increasing in a way in the process of captured and extension of the land and livestock as the resources of the production system. In these surroundings of socio-economic circumstances, so many forms of conflicts are found in the Vedic period such as the conflict between the Aryans and the Dravidians, the Hind Aryan and the Vedic Aryan, the different Varna’s of Vedic Aryan, between different race and class of Vedic Aryans, the animal owners and the traders/merchants (pani), different states and kings, and in different cultures. Similarly, due to the leadership of holding resources, family, and the Gotra system are found to be debatable and antagonistic in the form of the conflicts. Originality/Value: It has been found that the conflicts are of various kinds found in the society of the Vedic period. Such conflicts have been found the conflicts between son and father, conflicts between the parents and the children, between Aryans and Dravidians, between Hind Aryan and Vedic Aryan, husband and wife, women and women, Pastoralist and trader, between wives in Polygamous, conflicts in war, cultural conflict and the so on. These different kinds of the conflicts have been found and dealt in the Vedic society. In fact, the conflicts of the society have been found as the central causes of disharmonious, chaos, restlessness, and the trouble and it has been found stressful life in the society of Vedic era and conflicts have been found to be the reasons of the suffering as well as hardship of not only individual life but of the entire social structure even in the Vedic era.

Implementasi Manajemen Konflik Sebagai Upaya dalam Meningkatkan Produktivitas Kerja di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam

Effective conflict management is an important factor in developing work productivity in an institution. Conflict that is not handled well can disrupt collaboration, reduce motivation, and affect the quality of teaching and relationships between individuals. Therefore, this research aims to explore the implementation of conflict management as an effort to develop work productivity in Islamic educational institutions. This research uses library research, based on literature search methods or using content analysis methods to identify patterns, themes, and results related to the implementation of conflict management, and then develop and analyze them to reach conclusions. The results of this research indicate that the implementation of effective conflict management has a positive impact on work productivity in an Islamic educational institution. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the importance of implementing effective conflict management in Islamic educational institutions. By managing conflict well, educational institutions can increase work productivity, teaching quality, and student participation, and create positive relationships between teaching staff, students, and related parties. The implications of the results of this research provide better knowledge about the role of conflict management in the context of Islamic education and provide a basis for the development of effective conflict management strategies in these educational institutions.

‘Social psychology of the emergence of Iranian neo-nationalism discourse in present-day Iran: a case study of the Persian Gulf Facebook channel’

ABSTRACT The discourse of Iranian nationalism exhibits distinct attributes, including Aryanism, anti-Arabism, and a yearning to restore ancient Iran. Originating during the Qajar period and prevailing throughout the Pahlavi era, this discourse faced marginalization following the Islamic Revolution, remaining dormant for three decades. However, in the past decade, it has experienced a gradual resurgence and gained media representation, termed ‘Iranian neo-nationalism’ for reasons elucidated in the introduction. This study aims to investigate the factors underlying this resurgence. Utilizing the qualitative content analysis method and the theory of politicized group identity from a social psychology perspective, the paper contends that this re-emergence is grounded in enduring political, cultural, and global processes, as well as immediate cognitive and psychological processes. These intertwined processes reveal an ‘identity security dilemma’ in Iran.

CONTENT ANALYSIS OF ARABIC VOCABULARY IN AL QURAN FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Arabic language has a strong effect on improving human emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence has been explained in the verses of the Quran, which state that learning Arabic will strengthen one’s understanding of science as well as strengthen the soul. This study aims to analyze Arabic vocabulary for emotional intelligence in the Quran. This research used a qualitative approach with a content analysis method. The research design was a literature study. The data analysis process involved selecting, collecting, analyzing, coding, and describing Quranic verses. The results of this study explained that in analyzing Arabic vocabulary for emotional intelligence from the verses of the Quran, the authors have collected twenty words, including la taiashu (do not despair), likaylâ ta'sau (so that you do not grieve), la tafrah (do not be joyful), dzu an-nun (degree), ghadab wa ashifa (anger and heatful), fastaqim (be steadfast), kadhuma (to suppress), tadabbara (to ponder), al-jahra bi as-su'i (publicly proclaiming evil), la tahinu (do not be weak), adz-dzauq (taste), isyrah (expansion or relief), la talmizu wa la tanabazu (do not backbite or slander), hanaan (compassion), ulil albab (people of understanding), mukhlisin (sincere), shobaruu (they have endured patiently), farihuu (they rejoiced), taqnathuu (they despair), and tathmai'nnu (they are content).

Public Discourse on the Israel‐Hamas War 2023: A Comparative Analysis of Lithuania and the United Kingdom

AbstractThe conflict between the Israeli government and Hamas escalated on 7th October 2023, with the media playing an unprecedented role in shaping the perceptions and narratives surrounding the ongoing tensions. The portrayal by the media, often mirroring global viewpoints and biases, has significantly influenced public opinion and international stances, serving as a catalyst for political, diplomatic, and humanitarian interventions. The aim of the study is to analyze the formation of discourse on the Israel‐Hamas war (2023) within the media landscapes of Lithuania and the United Kingdom, emphasizing the role of national broadcasters and uncovering the primary disparities in the information provided by online news portals lrt.lt and bbc.com. Employing the qualitative content analysis method, the study provides comprehensive insights into the subject matter. Moreover, it highlights the approaches of the Lithuanian and UK governments towards security discourse in Europe and their concerns regarding humanitarian aid for the Gaza Strip. The study is relevant to shed light on how political decisions and public opinion influence the international community's support for various actors in the conflict, including the manifestation of Islamophobic and antisemitic sentiments.

CAN AUTOMATIC POETRY GENERATION INFUSE VALUES? UNVEILING INSIGHTS THROUGH CONTENT ANALYSIS OF GENERATED POETRY

This research examines the value underlying poetry created by artificial intelligence (AI), aiming to uncover the complex interaction of religious, philosophical, ethical, and aesthetic values presented in poetry. Eighteen poems generated by three different AI platforms were analyzed using the content analysis method to identify their social values. The results of this research demonstrate the presence of (1) religious values by revealing the AI’s ability to explore traditional and cultural barriers, highlighting themes of spirituality and faith, (2) philosophical values through the exploration of questions of human existence and the nature of reality, showing the AI's capacity to engage with deep existential themes, (3) ethical values by promoting concepts of unity, fairness, and justice, reflecting deeper humanistic perspectives and societal ideals, and (4) aesthetic values by showcasing an interest in the influence of technology and a profound admiration for the natural world's wonders, integrating modern innovation with timeless beauty. In conclusion, AI-generated poetry successfully captures a broad spectrum of human values, enriching literary traditions and intellectual discussions. This intersection of AI and poetry not only highlights technological advancements in creative fields but also opens new avenues for exploring how machines can contribute to cultural and artistic expressions, fostering a deeper understanding of the human condition and societal values.

Family resilience experiences of individuals with schizophrenia-family caregivers dyads: Qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION: Family resilience is one of the important concepts that should be addressed in chronic mental illnesses. This study was aimed at investigating family resilience experiences from the perspective of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia-family caregiver dyads. The study was conducted in the Adult Psychiatry inpatient and outpatient unit of a university hospital in a province in western Turkey using the phenomenological method. By using the purposeful sampling method, 20 participants were selected in the study. Of them, 10 were family caregivers and 10 were patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The results of the study were analysed with a dyadic approach within the framework of key processes of Walsh family resilience model. The directed content analysis method was used to analyse the data obtained from the study. COREQ checklist was used to report the research. After the analysis, the following five main themes emerged: positive cognitions, routines, family support, intra-family communication and love as a healing force. Family resilience is a structure shaped by the relationship between family members. The factors that contribute to the individual diagnosed with schizophrenia-caregiver dyads' ability to overcome difficulties in family resilience are discussed in line with the relevant literature. Intervention programs should be implemented to create an environment of love by improving relationships and communication in the family, improving problem solving and increasing support resources.

Determination of Middle School Students' Opinions on Stem Professions

As it is known, raising qualified individuals to work in STEM occupational groups plays a critical role for the future and welfare of a country. In this respect, determining the interests of middle school students in STEM professions in our country is a subject worth investigating. When the relevant studies in the literature are examined, it is seen that the general tendencies of the students towards STEM professions are evaluated by using quantitative data collection tools in the majority of the studies. In this study, a descriptive study with qualitative elements was carried out in order to determine the opinions of middle school students about STEM professions. The study group of the research consists of 40 middle school students studying in the central district of Uşak. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the students and the data obtained were described using the content analysis method. As a result of the research, it has been determined that middle school students have superficial knowledge about STEM professions, and students who are self-sufficient in Science and Mathematics and who are interested in science are more willing to choose these occupational groups in the future.

The Application of Rhetoric and Ethics in Salim A. Fillah's Da'wah on Dr. Richard Lee's YouTube Content: A Conceptual Analysis

Abstract This study aims to analyze the application of rhetoric and da'wah ethics used by Salim A. Fillah in the YouTube content of Dr. Richard Lee. Da'wah in the digital era demands innovative and effective approaches, utilizing social media platforms to spread religious messages. Salim A. Fillah, a renowned dai, employs rich rhetoric and da'wah ethics rooted in Islamic values in conveying his messages. This study uses a qualitative approach with content analysis methods to evaluate Salim A. Fillah's da'wah video on November 22, 2023, on Dr. Richard Lee's YouTube channel. The research findings indicate that the application of rhetorical strategies such as ethos, pathos, and logos, along with da'wah ethics that respect the audience and promote tolerance values, can enhance the effectiveness of conveying da'wah messages. These findings provide important insights for dai and preachers in effectively utilizing digital media to deliver religious messages in an engaging and ethical manner. Keywords: Rhetoric, Da'wah Ethics, Salim A. Fillah, YouTube, Content Analysis, Digital Da'wah

Assessing older adult educational needs: A mixed-methods study for identification and prioritization

ABSTRACT To improve the quality of life of older adults, adequate education and training is necessary. To provide effective training, it is crucial to assess and prioritize the educational needs of older adults. This study aims to identify and prioritize the educational needs of older adults with a mixed-methods approach and was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, we used the inductive content analysis method to explain the educational needs of older adults. In the second phase, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the level of need and prioritize these needs. During the first phase, the study identified 10 key areas of educational needs for older adults. Almost all educational titles had a statistically significant relationship with age and education, indicating that these factors play a crucial role in determining the educational needs of older adults (p < .05). According to the results, it is essential to emphasize and invest more in the topics that are of priority from the perspective of the older adults in planning programs aimed at empowering and educating the older adults. Additionally, awareness-raising and information dissemination strategies should be used for other basic needs of the older adults that have not yet been recognized as perceived needs.