This article argues that neorealism can explain seventeenth-century Haudenosaunee behavior. The North American Native polity responded to the momentous threat of European expansion by adapting to European ways (emulation), growing its power base (internal balancing), and conducting a foreign policy focused on relative gains (positional foreign policy). Haudenosaunee maximized power against Europeans and fellow Natives alike, paying little attention to cultural and normative divides. First, I present how neorealist theory would expect Native Americans to react to European expansion. Then, I demonstrate that the seventeenth-century Haudenosaunee exhibited the trends expected by neorealism: adaptation to European statecraft and strategies, internal balancing, and power-politics foreign policy. The study thus utilizes neorealist theory to enlighten historical debates about Haudenosaunee behavior, a novel take on the issue. This article also contributes to the discussion on whether neorealism is a widely relevant theory or merely a Eurocentric discourse, arguing it carries explanatory power beyond realism’s traditional focus on contemporary and Western history.

Abstract Scholarship on multiplex orders has largely focused on the spatial dimensions of multiplexity. This article explores the notion of temporal multiplexity, arguing that global orders also operate through distinct and coexisting temporal regimes. Drawing on and expanding Amitav Acharya's multiplex framework, we theorize how different actors experience, interpret and structure time within international politics. We propose a reinterpretation of the contemporary world order through three overarching temporalities—global western, global eastern and global southern—each shaped by distinct regimes of historicity. Global western temporality is grounded in a progressive yet crisis-ridden modernity, emphasizing linear liberal progress but increasingly marked by anxieties of decline and end times. Global eastern temporality operates within an ancient framework, structured around cycles of imperial rise, decline and resurgence, where past traumas and aspirations for restoration shape geopolitical strategies. Global southern temporality, by contrast, is presentist and transformational, foregrounding decolonization and reparative justice while rejecting hierarchical temporalities that position the South as lagging behind. These divergent temporal imaginaries generate competing global visions, shaping international conflicts, governance structures and development discourses. Understanding how time functions in a multiplex order reveals the deeper sources of the tensions underpinning contemporary international relations, from geopolitical rivalries to contestations over global governance reform. Recognizing temporal multiplicity is essential for fostering a more inclusive international order that reconciles competing historical narratives and future aspirations, rather than imposing singular trajectories of progress or restoration.

From history museums to contemporary histories museums (Argentina, second half of the 20th century) Abstract This article analyses the incorporation of contemporary topics into museums of the second half of the 20th century, focusing on cultural practices linked to circulation, collection and availability of objects for museum collections. Our aim is to articulate analytical perspectives and approaches of different historiography fields and subfields so as to deepen the study of museums with historical narratives—a line of research which, unlike other disciplines and other countries of the region, has only recently begun to be explored with a certain degree of systematization in Argentina. The hypothesis guiding the research is that political and sociocultural transformations in the international scene between the post-war period and the dawn of the 21st century had an impact on social sciences, stressing shifts of sense from history to memory and experiential testimony, and modifying collecting practices and traditional museum institutions. This, in turn, altered the fin-de-siècle notion of “history museum,” which presented transcendent events on the origins of the nation and the provinces, and triggered the emergence of new institutions aimed at addressing other topics, including contemporary events. The interests put at stake by certain actors in different political arenas also promoted the development of museum collections on specific topical issues over others. This configuration of the museum landscape continues to influence the ways in which 20th century phenomena are managed, interpreted and represented in the 21st century.

ABSTRACT The Introduction lays out the context and the concepts that undergird the multi-sited inter-Asia research project concluded in 2022 on college-going women and digital intimacy that is the basis of this special issue. We draw on the frameworks of Inter-Asia Cultural Studies to argue that inter-referencing, through multiplying reference points across our four sites within the region, orients our research through local/national/global routes that not only push against normative nationalism, but also create alternative routes for comparative thinking beyond those whose trajectories pass willy-nilly through the West. In-depth ethnographic interviews were conducted in four “smart cities,” Hong Kong, Singapore, Guangzhou and Bangalore. Through a feminist lens, we discuss how the hypervisibility or publicity of the digital space can actually generate a form of privacy. We talk about the entanglements and oscillations and relationalities that can be called digital intimacy, experienced differently across families and friends and romance. While acknowledging the proliferation of digital technology in the contemporary world, we lay stress on the long and deep histories of gendering and subject formation on each site, entangled with colonialism and post-colonialism, socialism and post-socialism. We suggest that the presence of the digital everyday and neo-liberal globalisation in each site should not conceal from us the uneven modernities that have shaped our four cities.

Background and Objectives: Porcelain aorta is an anatomy-driven high-risk phenotype characterized by extensive calcification of the ascending aorta, which complicates surgical aortic valve replacement by increasing embolic and technical hazards during cannulation and cross-clamping. As transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) expands into younger and low-surgical-risk populations, porcelain aorta creates a distinct clinical dilemma: optimizing short-term procedural safety while ensuring durable long-term outcomes and preserving future treatment options. Materials and Methods: We performed a targeted literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), with the last search conducted on 31 January 2026. We synthesized contemporary clinical evidence on TAVI in patients with imaging-defined porcelain aorta, focusing on neurological outcomes, procedural strategies to reduce embolic risk, access considerations, valve performance, cerebral embolic protection, and implications for lifetime valve management (including coronary access and feasibility of future valve-in-valve interventions). Results: The evidence base specific to porcelain aorta in the contemporary TAVI era is limited and largely observational. Across published cohorts, TAVI avoids direct ascending aortic cannulation and cross-clamping and is generally associated with favorable early safety, with a recurring directional signal toward lower neurological risk compared with surgical strategies that require manipulation of a severely calcified ascending aorta. Interpretation is constrained by heterogeneity in porcelain-aorta definitions, patient selection, valve platforms and access routes, as well as, variability in neurological endpoint definitions and adjudication. Conclusions: In patients with porcelain aorta, TAVI is frequently favored because it minimizes ascending aortic manipulation and may mitigate neurological and procedural hazards. In younger and low-risk patients, Heart Team decision-making should incorporate lifetime management principles, including access planning, preservation of future coronary access, and procedural strategies to reduce embolic risk (with consideration of cerebral embolic protection when appropriate).

This study examines the integration of educational historical methodology as a scientific instrument in reconstructing Islamic education narratives in an objective and contextual manner grounded in authoritative primary and secondary sources. The research is motivated by the tendency within Islamic educational historiography to remain normative, descriptive, and insufficiently critical in examining the validity and reliability of historical sources. This research employs a qualitative approach through library research, involving a systematic exploration and analysis of manuscripts, archival materials, classical documents, and relevant contemporary academic literature. The analytical process follows the stages of heuristics, external and internal source criticism, interpretation, and systematic as well as argumentative historiographical writing. The findings indicate that integrating educational historical methodology enables the reconstruction of narratives that are more objective, analytical, and contextually grounded by taking into account the social, political, intellectual, and cultural dimensions present in each phase of Islamic educational development. The critical verification of primary sources, combined with scholarly engagement with reputable secondary literature, enhances the scientific validity of the study. Thus, educational historical methodology functions not merely as a tool for reconstructing the past, but also as a reflective framework for formulating the future direction of Islamic education that is relevant, adaptive, and sustainable in the contemporary era.

As indicated by the research, the substance of humanities education in the contemporary era forms an integrated and systematic framework, representing a unified whole encompassing multiple types, dimensions, and level. Within the execution of educational aims for university students, the curriculum content acts as a central conduit, which not only embodies the core values of the set objectives but also marks a fundamental phase in their concrete achievement.

A0626 Naloxegol does not improve gastrointestinal recovery after radical cystectomy within contemporary ERAS protocols: A multicenter prospective cohort study

Contemporary Trends, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Stent Thrombosis.

This essay presents a distinctive vision of the contemporary world, according to which the idea of water flow is conceptually homologous to observable social processes. Using allusions to popular culture, literature, and internet phenomena, the author consistently develops the water metaphor, revealing the unity of social processes of different scales—personal, group, and societal—through the analysis of individual experiences. Such subjectivity of perspective allows highlighting objecthood, the subjugation of individual existence to historical events, and demonstrating the comprehensiveness of war as the strongest factor in the metamorphosis of contemporary Ukraine, which provides the basis for the author's definition of war. The concept of metamorphosis is also subject to critical consideration in a series of related concepts, such as transformation, revolution, and change. The shifts in the perception of time, space and boundaries associated with the Russian-Ukrainian war are set within the global landscape of similar processes in social communication related to digitalisation and the impact of the digital media environment on the everyday life of any modern person. At the same time, the idea of the war experiences universality in different eras is accompanied by the thesis about the uniqueness of the social whole today's transformations, the cause of which is proclaimed to be the rejection of structure by the modernity fundamental non-structurality and by the worldview it generates. This deepens the consequences of war, leading to a breakdown of the sociality foundations – exchange, norms, boundaries between the social and the antisocial, and so on. The essay concludes with a quote from Karel Čapek's classic novel War with the Newts, in which, as we know, humanity gradually loses to another, better-adapted species of living beings and faces the prospect of losing all its civilisational achievements, its place as the dominant species, and the familiar face of the planet itself.

Food has been a fundamental component of human existence, playing a crucial role in sustaining life, health, and social continuity. The evolution of food practices reflects the broader evolution of human civilization across generations. In the Indian context, food heritage serves as a mirror of the nation’s cultural richness, shaped by history, geography, climate, religion, trade, and social traditions. This study presents a multidisciplinary analysis of the evolution of food in India, examining its transformation from ancient times to the contemporary period. The cultivation of food in India began approximately 11,000 years ago during the Agricultural Revolution, marking a gradual shift from hunting and gathering to settled agricultural practices. India’s diverse climate supported the cultivation of a wide range of crops and spices, including black pepper, cardamom, and ginger, contributing significantly to regional culinary diversity. Traditionally, Indian diets were largely based on locally grown vegetables, grains, lentils, fruits, and home-prepared spices and oils. Religious philosophies such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism further shaped dietary practices, influencing vegetarianism, food restrictions, and ethical approaches to consumption. Trade and cultural exchange played a pivotal role in culinary evolution, with foods such as potatoes and green chilies introduced by Portuguese traders and crops like okra brought through interactions with Egypt and other regions. The colonial period, particularly British rule, marked a significant phase in the transformation of Indian food habits. In recent decades, globalization has intensified the influence of international cuisines, leading to the widespread consumption of fast foods and fusion dishes. While such culinary integration reflects cultural exchange, it also raises concerns regarding the gradual overshadowing of traditional and religious food practices. The study concludes that Indian food culture is a dynamic and evolving tradition that embodies continuity and change, reflecting India’s historical depth, cultural plurality, and adaptive resilience.

Epithelial ovarian cancer is predominantly characterized by peritoneal dissemination, providing a strong biological rationale for intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy. Although IP cisplatin-based regimens have demonstrated substantial survival benefits in pivotal randomized trials, toxicity and catheter-related complications limit their widespread adoption. IP carboplatin has emerged as a pragmatic alternative with improved tolerability while preserving its pharmacokinetic advantages. This review summarizes the biological and pharmacological rationale for IP carboplatin and critically examines the clinical evidence, with a particular emphasis on the Intraperitoneal Carboplatin for Ovarian Cancer (iPocc) trial and its divergence from Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG)-252. We further discuss the potential applicability of IP carboplatin beyond the traditional setting of minimal residual disease, including patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery, as well as its possible use in the contemporary era of maintenance therapy. Collectively, the accumulated evidence supports renewed consideration of IP carboplatin as a versatile component in modern ovarian cancer management.

This forum assesses the impact of forms of ‘unruly politics’, especially revolutions, on the modern world order. It is oriented around the 2025 Fred Halliday lecture, delivered by George Lawson at the London School of Economics in May 2025, which has been lightly edited for this forum. In his lecture, Lawson argues that the contemporary era of ‘polycrisis’ is also one of ‘polyprotest’ – multiple, interlinked forms of turbulence are being accompanied by, and to some extent caused by, a range of ‘unruly’ movements. Lawson maps and assesses the three main forms that contemporary ‘unruly’ movements take – ‘people power’, ‘restoration revolution’ and ‘decentralised vanguardism’ – and makes the case for their ongoing significance to contemporary world politics. The responses by Jasmine Gani, Maria Tanyag and Benjamin Abrams engage, challenge and extend Lawson’s claims, paying attention to the politics of both naming and engaging in revolutionary events (Gani), the relationship between women, gender and revolution (Tanyag) and the importance of differentiating types of revolutionary change (Abrams). An introduction by Toby Dodge sets out the terms of debate for the forum, with particular reference to Fred Halliday’s corpus of work, while a response by Lawson sets out strategies by which to extend who counts as a ‘revolutionary voice’ and how to listen more attentively to ‘revolutionary silences’. Taken as a whole, the forum makes clear the centrality of revolution in particular, and ‘unruly politics’ more generally, to debates about world order, past and present.

In the contemporary era, globalization is a leading force, especially in the economic domain. Its drive toward economic expansion and technological advancement has repeatedly pushed ecological concerns to the margins while amplifying anthropocentric patterns of life. Through a constructive theological method that brings pneumatological analysis into dialogue with Enrique Dussel’s vision of trans-modernity, this research seeks to discern how Christian understandings of humanity and spirituality can be reoriented to embody ecological responsibility. This research highlights how trans-modernity establishes a conceptual framework that acknowledges ecology as a subject worthy of respect. Simultaneously, theological reflection identifies the Holy Spirit as the sustaining presence who renews human consciousness and reshapes ecological ethics toward a non-anthropocentric way of life, enabling humanity to live in solidarity with a groaning world. The research therefore concludes that a trans-modern ecological spirituality, built on interdependence and Spirit-empowered ecological commitment, offers a necessary theological framework for responding to the ecological crisis of the Anthropocene.

Abstract This article offers methodological reflections on my experiences using life history within two distinct ethnographic projects in Indonesia: the first examining Acehnese conceptualisations of trauma and resilience during Aceh's post‐disaster social recovery; and the second examining how midwives in Yogyakarta cultivate trust in healthcare. The article discusses the unexpected insights and benefits that life history brought to these ethnographic projects, and points to some of its ethical complexities. More than a means of gathering information, our research methods ultimately create our relationships to our research participants and fieldsites, to the intellectual and political possibilities within our work, and to other scholarly communities and publics. As anthropology continues its shift towards more collaborative approaches, life history deserves a central role in the ethnographic toolkit, as a process for supporting the co‐production of knowledge, and as a window into the multitude of lived experiences and social dynamics that shape our contemporary world.

Summary of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) Consensus Conference on Graft Dysfunction within the First 72 hours after Heart Transplantation: A 10-year Update.

Abstract First published in New York in 1950 by the Bollingen Foundation, the I Ching is commonly known as “a translation of a translation.” The phrase refers to the fact that the I Ching was an English translation of the I Ging by the German missionary-cum-sinologist Richard Wilhelm (1873–1930). Yet, current scholarship shows that in addition to the idiomatic prose of Cary Baynes (1883–1977) that made the German text accessible to the Anglophone readers, the I Ching was adorned in a thought-provoking foreword by Carl Jung (1875–1961) that linked the ancient Chinese classic, Book of Changes , to analytical psychology. While this threefold collaboration — Wilhelm’s German translation, Jung’s psychological theory, and Baynes’s English prose — is widely accepted as the foundations of the I Ching , it is not clear why and how the three creative souls would come together to form a team . In this essay, I will trace the complex process through which the three creative souls jointly created the I Ching that addressed a fundamental question of the contemporary Western world: How can the modern man find a soul in an industrialized and commercialized society?

Using the concept of the Cultural Interface (CI), this study investigated the continuity of colonial ideas in contemporary early literacy policies. The data sources consisted of semi-structured interview scripts and key documents presenting Zambia’s, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) and World Bank’s early literacy policy ideas. These sources were analysed using the Thought Ritual process. The analysis reveals a continuity of colonial ideas, particularly the notion that Indigenous people lack a knowledge system to foster Western civilisation or economic development. To justify colonial ideas, Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) were framed as primitive, even though the term ‘poverty’ is used in the contemporary era. During the colonial era, civilisation was to be fostered through adapted education and mass literacy. After the colonial era, this foundation was mainly used for self-determination—to control and continue developing Western institutions after the departure of the British Empire. This manifests in simplified early literacy policies geared towards poverty reduction through gender equality, health and a heavy emphasis on the technical ability to read Indigenous languages, while sidelining the broader integration of IKS. This paper provides new insights into coloniality by highlighting the subtle but persistent ways colonial ideas are embedded in contemporary early literacy policies and their effects on IKS in Zambia.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved from a technological innovation into a strategic instrument of political power that is central to governance and international influence. In the contemporary world, AI systems mediate the production, distribution, and perception of information, thereby reshaping relations between citizens, governments, and states. This paper examines the complex role of AI in global politics—ranging from election manipulation and propaganda to cyber warfare, digital surveillance, and transnational crime—showing how AI-driven technologies now permeate nearly all spheres of human interaction and operate at the intersection of political communication, control, and persuasion through algorithmic and data-driven processes. Combining theoretical analysis with empirical case evidence, the study employs frameworks such as technopolitics, algorithmic governance, and political communication theory to conceptualize AI simultaneously as a politically active actor and as a technological tool of power. Drawing on case studies, it analyzes how states and political entities deploy AI to gain strategic advantage: in Russia, AI has been associated with disinformation operations, fabricated media content, and coordinated social media manipulation aimed at influencing foreign elections and undermining democratic institutions; in the United States, AI-driven data analytics and sentiment modeling have transformed electoral campaigning by enabling hyper-personalized voter targeting, while raising profound concerns about privacy and political manipulation; and in Bangladesh, reports of the Awami League’s use of AI-assisted bot networks and synthetic digital content illustrate the growing role of AI in shaping domestic political discourse. Collectively, these dynamics demonstrate that AI now functions as a core vector of political power in an interconnected world, intensifying long-standing debates over sovereignty, legitimacy, and democratic accountability.

The Second Additional Protocol-2022: Relevance and Significance in Contemporary World