ABSTRACT There is ample research connecting punishment to future behavior. Literature on specific deterrence often examines the impacts of justice system involvement (e.g. arrests and incarcerations) or perceptions of punishment on future behavior. However, how punishment disparities within institutional corrections affect behavior has been less explored. In this study, we use data from a cohort of 2016–2018 Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) releasees to examine the effect of overpunishment for a resident’s first institutional violation on their subsequent misconduct. We frame this discussion through comprehensive deterrence frameworks, with a particular focus on specific deterrence and punishment severity. We find that higher levels of overpunishment for a resident’s first violation correspond with higher future misconduct violations. This relationship is especially salient for moderate and severe levels of initial violations. Overall, our findings indicate that overpunishing individuals for initial violations within institutional corrections increases subsequent misconduct, furthering contemporary specific deterrence discussions.

Examines childless marriage in Indonesian law through a maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah [objectives of Islamic law] perspective, with particular attention to the interpretation of ḥifẓ al-nasl [protection of lineage]. It analyzes how Indonesian positive law and Islamic legal objectives conceptualize reproduction, lineage, and family obligations in the context of contemporary childlessness. Using a normative-juridical and conceptual approach, the study examines Indonesian marriage regulations, especially Law No. 1 of 1974 as amended by Law No. 16 of 2019, alongside classical and contemporary maqāṣid literature. The findings show that Indonesian positive law does not explicitly prohibit childless marriage, but implicitly regulates reproductive responsibility through norms concerning the purposes of marriage and family welfare. From a maqāṣid perspective, ḥifẓ al-nasl is not limited to an obligation to have children, but functions as a broader principle of preserving legitimate lineage and social continuity, allowing interpretive space for circumstances such as health, psychological, and socio-economic factors. This study argues that childless marriage constitutes a dynamic normative issue rather than a dichotomous conflict between Islamic law and state law, and contributes a nuanced maqāṣid-based framework for understanding childlessness within Indonesian family law and contemporary legal discourse.

Gender, empathy, and aggressive behavior towardnurses: A moderation analysis.

This study highlights the state of research in the philosophy of education in Indonesia during the 2020–2024 period through a Systematic Literature Review (SRB) using the PRISMA framework. The analysis process included the identification, screening, and synthesis of primary literature from various major databases, such as Google Scholar, DOAJ, and Garuda, to obtain a comprehensive overview of the trends, themes, and evolution of contemporary educational philosophy discourse. The review results indicate that key thematic clusters include the revitalization of local thinkers, responses to the digital era, and character education, which have become dominant focuses in current research developments. Indonesian educational philosophy discourse is typically value-oriented and contextual, emphasizing the integration of Pancasila values, local wisdom, and social ethics into educational practice. However, significant gaps remain, such as the lack of analysis based on student age levels. The limited representation of Western philosophical schools and the fragmented research landscape, which has not yet comprehensively mapped the relationships between themes, underscore the need for more systematic, holistic, and multidimensional research to support the development of educational theory, practice, and policy that adapts to global challenges, digital transformation, and the need to develop an intelligent, critical, and character-driven generation. Therefore, this research not only contributes to the literature mapping but also serves as a foundation for innovative strategies in education in Indonesia.

Vitruvian Man, the iconic drawing by Leonardo Da Vinci, has long been regarded as a representation of the divine perfection of the human form. This emblematic drawing, inspired by the architectural treatise of Vitruvius, reflects the belief in the symmetry and proportionality of the human body. Influenced by the works of other artists and mathematicians of the Renaissance period, including Luca Pacioli and Albrecht Dürer, Leonardo da Vinci's depiction of the ideal human proportions has had a lasting impact on our concepts of beauty and functionality. While modern scientific understanding of human evolution and variation may challenge some aspects of Leonardo's portrayal, the Vitruvian Man continues to be relevant in contemporary discussions of stature and proportionality. The influence of this drawing on our perception of health, beauty, and therapeutic goals, particularly in the management of short stature, remains significant in the medical community.

يعد الخطاب بالنكاية، استراتيجية بين طرفين اثنين على الأقل، يتم فيها تقديم خطاب معين مثل: منتج، سلعه أو خدمة، لمتلقي معين، على انه أفضل من الجهة المنافسة، أو عبر توظيف منتجات المنافس، خدماته أو شعاراته وتسخيرها وسيلة لدعم المادة المعلن عنها، بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر. يهدف هذا البحث الى تعرف النكاية في الخطاب الكرافيكي المعاصر. والذي تحدد موضوعيا، مكانيا وزمانيا بدراسة النكاية في الخطاب الكرافيكي المعاصر، وتحديدا في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية للسنوات من (٢٠٠١-٢٠٢٢)، أي منذ حادثة برج التجارة العالمي، وانعكاساتها على الإعلان التجاري والى الوقت الحاضر. وتم توجيه البحث نحو الوكالات العالمية التالية: (Burger King) و(MacDonald) أنموذجاً، وهما أشهر وكالتين تجاريتين باعا في مضمار البحث. وتناول الإطار النظري في مبحثه الأول: النكاية في الخطاب الكرافيكي المعاصر: ماهيتها، تاريخها، أسبابها وماهي علاقتها بالتلقي وبالمتلقي، بينما تناول في مبحثه الثاني، النكاية في تصميم الإعلان التجاري المعاصر: أنواعها، اساليبها، وأشكالها. ولم يجد الباحث دراسات حقيقية ومباشرة في مجال بحثه لكنه تطرق الى البحث الأقرب وكان: (Comparative Advertising Research: A Review and Research Agenda)، والمنشور على: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315476722 بتاريخ: (٢٠١٢)، من قبل مجموعة من الباحثين، واتفق مع اغلب نتائجه والتي هي جزء من كل وأسلوب من أساليب أخرى توصل اليها الباحث. وتم تحديد منهج ومجتمع وعينة البحث، وتحليل النماذج المختارة وفق استمارة عرضت على خبراء متخصصين. وخرج البحث بنتائج أهمها: استخدمت النكاية وسيلة للإعلان التجاري غير المباشر، وتمكين المتلقي من قراءة الخطاب المستتر المستخدم ضد المنافس دون الإشارة اليه، من خلال ايحاءات يفهمها المتلقي وتداعب فكره ومخيلته وفق جماليات واستمتاع التلقي. كما في الانموذج رقم (٢). وكانت الاستنتاجات: الإعلان بالنكاية قد يكون استراتيجية مخالفة للقانون علانية او مراوغا له، بحسب الخطة التسويقية التي تضعها كل وكالة تجارية لإعلاناتها، والتي قد تحشد ولاء المتلقي طرفا فيها أحيانا، عبر وسائل ووسائط متعددة.

This study explores the ontological and metaphysical thought of Imam al-Juwayni, a prominent scholar in the Islamic kalām tradition, focusing on the concepts of existence, God, and created beings. The background of the study lies in the enduring relevance of classical Islamic philosophical and theological discussions on the nature of reality, divine attributes, and the relationship between God and creatures. The purpose of the study is to examine how al-Juwayni conceptualizes the distinction between the absolute existence of God and the contingent existence of creatures, as well as the implications of his thought for ethics, law, and human agency. The research employs a qualitative, descriptive method based on library research, analyzing primary texts of al-Juwayni and relevant secondary literature to uncover his philosophical arguments and theological reasoning. The findings reveal that al-Juwayni emphasizes the independence and necessity of God’s existence, while all created beings are contingent and dependent on divine will, yet retain limited agency. He integrates reason and revelation to understand divine attributes, creating a framework where metaphysics, ethics, and law are interconnected. The study concludes that al-Juwayni’s ontological perspective not only enriches classical Islamic thought but also provides a valuable conceptual foundation for contemporary discussions on theology, philosophy, and moral responsibility. His insights remain relevant for addressing modern social, ethical, and philosophical issues within an Islamic framework.

This article provides an interdisciplinary reinterpretation of Nguyen Trai (1380–1442) as a political philosopher, cultural humanist, and architect of early Le-era statecraft. By situating his thought within the ideological realignment of post-Ming occupation Vietnam, the study reexamines his conception of nhân nghĩa (benevolence and righteousness) as both a moral ideal and a pragmatic framework for governance. Drawing on Confucian humanism, Neo-Confucian moral governance, and Southeast Asian resistance literature, the analysis integrates political theory, textual hermeneutics, and historical-contextual reconstruction to illuminate Nguyen Trai’s synthesis of ethical statecraft and cultural identity. The findings demonstrate that his vision of humane governance transcended wartime propaganda to articulate a coherent philosophy of nation-building grounded in justice, popular welfare, and moral legitimacy. By bridging political ethics, cultural resilience, and Confucian reformism, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of Vietnamese intellectual history and highlights Nguyen Trai’s enduring relevance to contemporary discussions on leadership, ethics, and human-centered governance.

Aim. To identify the specific uses of implicit and explicit accusatory speech tactics in contemporary English-language film discourse. Methodology. The English-language text of the film “Conclave” (2024) was analyzed. The study focuses on the discursive situations in which accusatory speech tactics are employed. Discursive situations featuring accusatory speech strategies were identified from the film discourse, and the tactics used were analyzed, along with the connections between the lines and implicit information about the accused. The key research methods are structural-semantic and contextual analysis. Results. Based on the study's findings, it was concluded that implicit and explicit accusatory speech tactics are accompanied by corresponding visualizations in the film's plot. The primary syntactic tools of accusation are the use of complex sentences and anaphora. Lexical tactics involve the introduction of restricted vocabulary into the text, with which the viewer is unfamiliar. Research implications. The theoretical significance of this study lies in its presentation of new material on the topic under study, introducing descriptions of the representation of accusatory speech tactics in contemporary film discourse, and featuring the speech of older adults, many of whom are non-native English speakers. The findings can be used to study discursive practices in contemporary English using contemporary cinema as an example.

This article examines the role and reception of ‘name and shame’ satire in contemporary Greek political discourse, focusing on the case of satirical lyrics by singer-songwriter Panos Vlahos. His performance in February 2024 triggered intense public debate, raising broader questions about artists’ rights to engage in political satire. The case is situated within the context of Greece’s declining press freedom rankings since 2010, ongoing concerns over media independence, and the increasing use of legal mechanisms – such as defamation lawsuits and SLAPP tactics – against journalists and artists critical of government policies. Drawing on discourse analysis, the article explores whether such incidents reflect isolated tensions within a functioning democracy or point to broader patterns of censorship and constraint on freedom of expression in post-memorandum Greece. Additionally, it highlights the social trend towards reframing satire as criminally suspect.

Classical reception studies have significantly influenced African literature, as evident in the works of some scholars such as Ola Rotimi, Wole Soyinka, and Femi Osifisan. While reception studies provide valuable insights into both ancient and contemporary societies, their potential to advance classical scholarship in Africa remains underutilised. This limited use arises from conflicting views; some African scholars opine that reception studies may distort the traditions of Graeco-Roman scholarship, while others see it as a perennial and essential approach to teaching Classics in Africa. These conflicting perspectives were highlighted during Panel 7 presentations on ―Decolonizing the Curriculum‖ at the 3rd International Classics Conference in Ghana (ICCG), held from 17 to 20 September 2024, at the University of Ghana. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate by proposing that African scholars in Classics should embrace reception studies as a valuable framework for understanding the relevance of past societies in contemporary contexts. To bolster its proposal, this paper explores how the reception of Aristotle‘s work has shaped the ideas of scholars like Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, whose contributions to contemporary development discourse are notable. Through a clarification of the term ‗reception studies‘ and an examination of Sen and Nussbaum‘s capability theories of development, which ultimately derived from an Aristotelian perspective, this paper argues that both scholars inevitably drew on reception studies to interpret the classics and project it onto a modern landscape. The success of these scholars implies that the reception approach is a viable method for bringing ancient texts closer to modernity. Therefore, the paper suggests there is a compelling need to recognise reception studies as a foundational approach to studying Classics in Africa and elsewhere.

ABSTRACT This article examines Phoebe Palmer’s theology of holiness in relation to contemporary feminist discussion of kenosis. Feminist objections to kenosis concern its implications in light of power inequalities, but kenotic Christology is a distinctive of Christian feminism. Palmer’s approach to entire sanctification is key to understanding her proto-feminist voice. Through consideration of her formative American Methodist context, associated expectations, and personal experience, it is here argued that Palmer’s theology exemplifies a participatory understanding of kenosis in which identity is not lost but rather secured through surrender to God. This holiness theology became the basis of her authority and women’s advocacy and thus contributes insights that can inform contemporary Christian feminist discussion.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti's portraits-most notably Lady Lilith (1867)-present a distinctive facial structure characterized by a broad mandible, heavy lower face, and a pronounced yet softened lantern jaw. This "Rossetti jaw," repeated across his muses, stands in marked contrast to both Victorian feminine ideals and contemporary aesthetic norms that privilege a V-line taper, reduced mandibular width, and accentuated midfacial contours. By examining Rossetti's visual vocabulary through the combined perspectives of art history, cultural studies, and modern craniofacial aesthetics, this paper argues that the Rossetti jaw operates simultaneously as an aesthetic, symbolic, and cultural disruption. In Victorian culture, the broad jaw implicated anxieties about female agency, sexuality, and the emerging figure of the New Woman. In modern contexts, it challenges the narrow globalized beauty template shaped by evolutionary cues-youthfulness, neoteny, and gracile features-and reinforced by cosmetic surgery trends. Through comparative morphologic analysis, symbolic interpretation, physiognomic literature, and psychological readings, this study explores the jaw as an axis of power, autonomy, and embodied identity. Within Rossetti's mythopoetic framework, a strong jaw signals female will, erotic authority, and the capacity to resist male control. In contemporary plastic-surgery discourse, such morphology raises questions about whether aesthetic norms genuinely reflect natural diversity or merely reproduce cultural anxieties about assertive femininity. Ultimately, the Rossetti jaw illuminates the tensions between historical ideals, modern surgical preferences, and deeper archetypes of the powerful feminine, revealing how facial structure can encode both beauty and subversion across time.

This article presents a parallel analysis of Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy and contemporary literature on moral injury to explore how Dante's journey towards enlightenment can inform the path to healing from moral injury. Described as a soul wound by those affected, moral injury is a severe psychological and spiritual trauma resulting from ethical transgressions such as abuse,betrayal, warand tyranny. Although moral injury isarguably as old as human conflict itself,its scientific study is comparatively new. The Divine Comedy is widely regarded as one of the greatest works in world literature.In this poem, moral suffering appears as a disordering of the soul: the will estranged from responsibility, love misdirected towards evil rather than good and the intellect dimmed of its light, unable to perceive truth. By comparing Dante's allegorical journey through Hell, Purgatory and Paradise with contemporary moral injury discussions and the broader literature, and by tracing connections from individual suffering to wider social and political contexts, this comprehensive narrative review uncovers underexplored dimensions of this multifaceted condition. The analysis addresses key moral injury themes, highlights routes and barriers to healing, identifies gaps in current scholarship and offers practical recommendations relevant in both peacetime and war. Dante's insights provide a symbolic framework for recognising and healing moral injury, potentiallyoffering consolation for the affected and those who care for them, while showing how enduring cycles of violencecan be interruptedthrough an ethic of just peace.

ABSTRACT The cultural and aesthetic significance of beadwork serves as a potent symbol of initiation into womanhood, communal unity, and cultural identity. This study aims to explore how traditional bead-making practices reflect evolving cultural identities and local innovation within contemporary African art discourse. Field observations and semiotic analysis reveal the specific significance of spiral and flower bead motifs, which represent fertility, family morality, and protection in Krobo cosmology. However, the tradition faces challenges from cheap mass-produced bead imitations that undermine traditional bead-making expertise and threaten Krobo heritage. Despite these challenges, Krobo women and bead artists sustain the tradition by preserving age-old techniques and transmitting them through Dipo rites. To safeguard the tradition, the study recommends establishing online marketplaces for authentic Krobo beads and organizing community-based workshops to facilitate intergenerational knowledge transfer. Overall, the findings affirm that specialty Krobo bead-making is a living tradition essential for maintaining cultural identity and artistic heritage in modern Ghana.

The paper examines a central issue of contemporary discourse — the dialectical relationship between law and coercion. The author criticizes the liberal paradigm that reduces this relationship to a binary opposition (antagonism), ultimately describing law as an instrument for safeguarding individual liberty and coercion as a threat. In the author’s view, such an approach leads to a crisis in legal understanding, a disjunction between formal legislation and the deeper foundations of law, as well as a loss of state subjectivity and collective purpose. Conversely, the author advances the view that law and coercion constitute interdependent principles: law necessitates coercion to secure its enforceability, whereas coercion necessitates law to confer legitimacy upon its application. The key to their harmonious synthesis, according to the author, lies in taking into account the national socio-cultural context. Using the Russian tradition as an example, the author elucidates the model of «law mastery over coercion», in which law is intended not merely to limit coercion, but to imbue it with higher ideals of truth, justice, and the common good, rooted in the collective historical experience. The main conclusion is that the strength of Russian law depends on its rootedness in national identity and traditional values, which necessitates a corresponding transformation of legal education and legal doctrine.

Purpose This study explores how hospital diversity management programs (DMPs) associate with hospital operations performance outcomes. We consider the interplay between staff diversity programs, community demographics and hospital patient experience metrics. Design/methodology/approach The study reviewed literature on effects of patient and healthcare workforce diversity on patients and employees. We analyzed panel data merged from the American Hospital Association (AHA), the United States Census Bureau, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS). We examined how DMPs associate with hospital patient experiences. Findings The findings reveal DMPs are significantly associated with several patient experience metrics. Interactions between DMPs and county diversity are often positive and significant. Robustness runs suggest a slightly lower marginal payback to DMPs when a county's diversity is above its state's median diversity. Originality/value This study is among the first healthcare OM research to conceptualize the DMP notion and to empirically analyze longitudinal associations of DMPs with patient experience metrics. The findings inform researchers and administrators, addressing ongoing contemporary discussions surrounding organizational diversity management. DMP empirical findings help to build realistic administrator expectations about the benefits of DMP efforts.

ABSTRACT Migrant healthcare workers in Australia find themselves at the centre of three intersecting concerns, often presented as ‘crises’ in contemporary discourse: the ‘care crisis’, the ‘housing crisis’ and the ‘migration crisis.’ Yet their own perspectives on these issues are rarely foregrounded. This paper explores the role of homeownership in the lives of migrant healthcare workers in Australia. Drawing on data from in‐depth interviews with 37 overseas‐trained doctors, nurses and allied health professionals, this paper interrogates homeownership as a turning point in migration trajectories, a milestone in the migrant life‐course, and a facilitator of transnational care. Grounded in a relational mobilities framework, this paper foregrounds the importance of emotions, care and community in understanding home, housing and migration. For these skilled migrants, the meaning of homeownership is shown to be deeply relational, embedded in the process of social and professional recognition and relationships of care. In the context of skilled worker shortages in Australia and the centrality of homeownership to the ‘Australian Dream’ and Australia's asset‐based welfare system, and disquiet about links between migration, housing and social cohesion, this paper argues for a more nuanced appraisal of the role of homeownership in establishing a sense of belonging and inclusion in Australian society.

This article examines a shift in the discourses through which attention to problems is justified in global governance. Whereas appeals to the public good and private gain were once invoked as distinct and often conflicting grounds for collective action, contemporary governance discourses increasingly bring them into alignment. Grasping this shift, I argue, requires a moral economy lens that can account for the novel entanglements between profit and moral obligation in an era where hybrid arrangements and the language of stakeholder collaboration have become commonplace. Empirically, the article traces how malnutrition moved from episodic recognition to unprecedented prominence within the United Nations (UN) governance architecture after 2008. It argues that two practices were central to this shift: the communalization of market solutions and the recasting of the problem as a win–win opportunity. The paper underscores the need for an analytical reintegration of morality in international political economy (IPE) not only within the confines of financial or corporate practice, but also as part of a wider transformation of how the global ‘common’ is being articulated. More broadly, the analysis shows that moral discourses may function not as a remedy for capitalism but as one of the means through which it anchors its core principles at the heart of public life.

Transdisciplinarity occupies an increasingly prominent space in contemporary academic discourse, often signalled as a pathway to better science. Yet beneath its institutional endorsement and expanding literature lies a persistent conceptual ambiguity and rhetorical repetition. While formal publications continue to engage with transdisciplinarity in overly optimistic tones, scholars and practitioners often reserve their frustrations for hallway chat, coffee-corner gossip, and conversations about the tensions and contradictions of their work during conference breaks. This provocation aims to surface and articulate the underlying tensions that have shaped the dominant narratives of transdisciplinarity. By revisiting how these narratives gained traction and interrogating the assumptions used to justify transdisciplinarity, it turns empathetic critique into a space for reflection and renewal. I invite fellow scholars to reconsider how we position transdisciplinarity within our knowledge ecosystem, what we expect it to do, how it operates, and how it relates to other frameworks that engage with similar societal and epistemic challenges. The goal is to move beyond superficial claims and hurried publication cycles towards a more serious, ethically grounded and epistemically rigorous engagement, one that confronts transdisciplinarity’s blind spots and situates it within broader debates on knowledge, power and the moral role of science.