Construction Of Railway Infrastructure Research Articles

Study on the Effect of Root Density on the Shear Strength of Root-Soil Composite: A Case Study of Cynodon Dactylon

Since the Belt and Road Initiative was proposed, many slopes with poor stability have been formed in China's highway and railway infrastructure construction. In response to the national goals set during the 14th Five-Year Plan to strengthen the ecological security barrier and protect biodiversity, and in line with the philosophy that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets," ecological protection technology has been widely applied in slope protection. However, current research and design have not considered the role of roots in retaining walls. This study uses an eco-friendly reinforced soil retaining wall project as an example to investigate the relationship between root density and the cohesion and internal friction angle of root-soil composites through direct shear tests. The results show that increasing root density significantly improves the cohesion and internal friction angle of root-soil composites. When the root density is 5%, the cohesion and internal friction angle increased by 40.57% and 51.41%, respectively, compared to the unreinforced soil sample, providing a theoretical reference for engineering design.

The risk of additional branch works in the construction of railway projects

Every decision or action taken as part of a construction project involves risk. Unforeseen branch works that may occur during the construction investment are the so-called additional work. They cause risk, both for the contractor and the investor. Skilful management of this risk may lead to minimizing the change in the investment duration or minimizing the change in the cost of the contractual amount. The work proposes a method of analysing the risk of industrial works that may occur during additional works in railway construction investments. A constructed Bayesian network based on the risk component of industrial works was used for the analysis. Bayesian networks are listed as one of the 31 techniques suggested for risk analysis in accordance with the ISO 31010 standard, which enables the correct analysis of the examined problem with satisfactory accuracy. During the construction of the network, historical data was obtained from completed and settled railway infrastructure construction projects, and 125 unique records corresponding to additional works were identified. The created Bayesian network combines technological aspects resulting from the specificity of the implementation of branch works in railway construction projects with a practical assessment of their risk. The proposed network model allows for risk analysis by defining various event scenarios, and has high application capacity resulting from the ease of applying its results in practice in the implementation of railway investments.

Study on the Railway Effect of the Coordinated Development of the Economy and Environment in the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle

Transportation infrastructure plays a crucial role in economic development and significantly influences climate change, providing direct and indirect benefits towards the attainment of Goals 8 and 13 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study investigates the impact of railway infrastructure on the level of economic and environmental coordination development in the Chengdu–Chongqing economic circle, using panel data from 16 cities spanning from 2010 to 2020. The analysis employs a coupled coordination degree model and a panel fixed effects model. The findings reveal a gradual increase in the level of economic and environmental coordination development in each city during the study period. Notably, Chongqing and Chengdu exhibit significantly higher levels compared to other cities. Railway infrastructure construction can significantly promote the coordinated development of the urban economy and environment. In areas with a high level of coordinated development of the economy and environment, the promoting effect is relatively small, while in areas with a low level of coordinated development of the economy and environment, the promoting effect is relatively large. Over the long term, railways continue to significantly promote the coordinated development of the urban economy and environment. The construction of railways can stimulate the development of the urban private economy and marketization, thereby facilitating the coordinated development of the urban economy and environment.

Performance Measurement and Analysis of Building Information Modeling (BIM) Applications in the Railway Infrastructure Construction Phase

Building information modeling (BIM) is acknowledged for enhancing efficiency and collaboration in the construction industry. However, its application in the construction phase of railway projects faces challenges. This study, utilizing quantitative and qualitative analyses, explores the advantage of BIM consulting services in the railway infrastructure projects. A comparative analysis of similar-scale projects shows that BIM significantly boosts construction efficiency, yielding a 197.6% economic benefit in pilot projects. This study also delves into the BIM application environment in railway construction. Our findings provide valuable insights into BIM’s advantages and challenges, emphasizing the need for further research. The results will contribute to advancing railway infrastructure and promoting BIM’s application, aiding decision makers and practitioners in understanding its potential contributions to a more efficient and sustainable industry.

A Research on the Load Calculation Method in Designing the Traction Power Supply for Integrated Subway – MCR

This paper presents a load calculation method in the design of a traction power supply for integrated subways. Integrated subways have a large carrying capacity and the ability to balance between meeting travel needs and satisfying conditions such as high quality service, cost optimization for railway infrastructure construction, and installation of traction power systems. In an integrated model, the calculation of the traction power supply design is much more complicated than in other stand-alone models. This paper presents the research results on the load calculation method of a traction power supply for the operation of the system. The results show the feasibility of the method when applied to an asynchronous loading system and met the standards of IEEE P1653.2, EN 50328, and IEC 60146-1 in the design of the power supply for permitted overloads according to class VI.

Factors of influence of railway transport on the development of the regional economy, including the accuracy of estimating the cost of construction of railway infrastructure

The author of the scientific publication examines the factors of influence of railway transport on the development of the regional economy, including the accuracy of estimating the cost of construction of railway infrastructure. The article presents a brief description of railway transport in the Russian Federation according to the annual report of JSC Russian Railways. Factors of influence of railway transport on the development of the regional economy have been identified and described, such as: promoting industrial development, export of goods, increasing mobility of the population, reducing transport costs, creating new jobs, developing tourism, increasing investment, reducing dependence on road transport, increasing exports of goods, reducing the costs of transporting agricultural products, developing the transit potential of the Russian Federation. The main features of railway transport relative to other modes of transport (road, air, rail and pipeline) have been identified. The author considers the accuracy of estimating the cost of railway infrastructure construction to be one of the factors influencing the influence of railway transport on the development of the regional economy. The author believes that insufficient accuracy in determining the cost of construction can lead to underfinancing or overestimation of construction costs and, as a result, an incorrect assessment of the economic efficiency of construction, which can cause a delay in the project or require additional investments during its implementation that could have been planned for the implementation of regional development projects. The author believes that when assessing the economic efficiency of construction, it is necessary to take into account the accuracy of the construction cost assessment, which is the basis for an informed decision on the start of implementation of a particular investment and construction project in railway transport.

A secondary decomposition–ensemble approach to interval predicting China’s railway container volume

Precise forecasts of railway container demand is crucial for railway infrastructure construction and daily operations management. Nevertheless, temporal variations in railway container traffic are subject to a diversity of factors, and such dynamics are therefore extremely difficult to capture in forecasts. Decomposing the temporal data into a number of subseries with distinct qualities is a prevalent technique for reducing the complexity of data. Yet, a few of sub-series resulted from such decomposition tend to remain irregular and unstable. In this study, a novel secondary decomposition–ensemble method is proposed for railroad container volume forecasting. Specifically, CEEDMAN and VMD are employed successively to decompose the time series into various components. The sub-series are processed by different models, according to their distinct features, to yield their respective independent predictions, which are then ensembled to give the final railway container traffic forecast. Additionally, we incorporate the DEEPAR model for interval predictions, providing valuable uncertainty information that assists decision-makers in preparing for potential challenges. Our method demonstrates superior accuracy and stability compared to other benchmark models, even in the presence of disruptive events such as the big epidemic. We further validate the applicability and robustness of the proposed method by incorporating an additional dataset with a finer-time data. Our findings contribute to the field of railway container demand forecasting and offer practical insights for decision-makers in the railway industry.

Modelling the impact of electronic auction on the tender procedure for the construction of railway infrastructure with the Bayesian networks

Modelling the impact of electronic auction on the tender procedure for the construction of railway infrastructure with the Bayesian networks

Carbon Emission Factors Identification and Measurement Model Construction for Railway Construction Projects.

Carbon emissions have become a focus of political and academic concern in the global community since the launch of the Kyoto Protocol. As the largest carbon emitter, China has committed to reaching the carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 in the 75th United Nations High-level Meeting. The transport sector needs to be deeply decarbonized in China to achieve this goal. Previous studies have shown that the carbon emissions of the railway sector are small compared to highways, waterways, and civil aviation. However, these studies only consider the operation stage and do not consider the carbon emissions caused by large-scale railway infrastructure construction during the construction stage. As an essential source of carbon emissions and the focus of emissions reduction, the carbon emission of railway construction projects (RCPs) is in urgent need of relevant research. Based on a systematic literature review (SLR), this paper sorts out the carbon emission factors (CEFs) related to RCPs; combines semi-structured expert interviews to clarify the carbon emissions measurement boundary of RCPs; modifies and calibrates CEFs; constructs the carbon emission measurement model of RCPs including building material production stage, building material transportation stage, and construction stage; and conducts empirical analysis to validate carbon emission factors and measurement models. This study effectively complements the theoretical research on CEFs and measurement models in the construction stage of railway engineering and contributes to guiding the construction of low-carbon railways practically.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ В СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ ОБЪЕКТАХ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ

The article provides an analysis of typical tasks for the survey of railway infrastructure construction facilities. The experience of creating strain gauges for measuring VAT parameters under static and dynamic loads is described. A description of a new innovative mesdose based on an "electrochemical converter" is given. At the end of the article, the tasks and directions of further research are given.

CONTROL OF SUBSTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

<jats:p>Control of compaction of natural soil (in excavation) or compacted in the embankment during the construction of roads is one of the basic forms of quality control of the substructure. When building high-speed roads (highways and high-speed railways), the priority is to achieve a high level of control over the performed work. In order to prevent differential settlement (during the construction of the embankment), or to change the volume due to additional compaction of the material, which inevitably leads to deformations, it is necessary to perform optimal compaction of the material. Within this paper, the technical regulations governing the control of compaction in the construction of railway infrastructure in the Republic of Serbia are presented.</jats:p>

Development of the information modeling (BIM) conceptusing Big Data technologies for the implementation of the life cycle management system for capital construction of transport infrastructure

The development of a scientific concept of information modeling in the tasks of managing the capital construction objects’ life cycle is the key to the successful transition of Russian Railways Holding to digital methods of managing and controlling transport infrastructure. The result of the presented complex project implementation will be the scientific basis for the life cycle information modeling concept and information modeling methodology implementation at its stages. Taking into account the rapid increase in the volume of construction information, the development of automatic systems for collecting, processing and storing information, it is proposed to apply Big Data technologies. The project results are planned to be used as a basis for the pilot information modeling technologies’ development at the stages of the railway infrastructure construction objects’ life cycle.

FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION PROJECT AS INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION IN TANJUNG PERAK PORT

The growth of container flows that is not supported by infrastructure needs has caused goods congestion at Tanjung Perak Port. The situation has an impact on the flow of goods and makes container mobilization stop flowing. Railway infrastructure construction is expected to overcome the problem of goods congestion, especially because this project will be integrated with other transportation at the Port in an intermodal transportation system. The Delphi method is used as an approach to get the dominant aspect to be analyzed in a feasibility study of a railway construction project at the Port of Tanjung Perak. Delphi method results show that the financial aspect and market aspect are the dominant parameters to be analyzed in the feasibility study of a railway construction project. The results of the market feasibility analysis showed that 87.67% of stakeholders agreed with the railway development project plan, with a target market of 19.99% of the number of containers and absorption of around 84% of the target market. The results of the financial feasibility analysis are obtained, the Net Present Value (NPV) is 1,184,370> 0 (profitable project), the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) is 1.39 ≥ 1 (the project is feasible), and the value of the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is 13%> MARR, (investment is feasible). From the results of the financial feasibility analysis, the railway construction project is categorized as possible. Meanwhile, the break-even point for this project is in the 12th year with the results of a profit-loss analysis showing that in the fourth year, the railway operational activities have shown a positive trend/profit.

Spatial-temporal Evolution and Determinants of the Belt and Road Initiative: A Maximum Entropy Gravity Model Approach

The spatial interaction model is an effective way to explore the geographical disparities inherent in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) by simulating spatial flows. The traditional gravity model implies the hypothesis of equilibrium points without any reference to when or how to achieve it. In this paper, a dynamic gravity model was established based on the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) theory to estimate and monitor the interconnection intensity and dynamic characters of bilateral relations. In order to detect the determinants of interconnection intensity, a Geodetector method was applied to identify and evaluate the determinants of spatial networks in five dimensions. The empirical study clearly demonstrates a heterogeneous and non-circular spatial structure. The main driving forces of spatial-temporal evolution are foreign direct investment, tourism and railway infrastructure construction, while determinants in different sub-regions show obvious spatial differentiation. Southeast Asian countries are typically multi-island area where aviation infrastructure plays a more important role. North and Central Asian countries regard oil as a pillar industry where power and port facilities have a greater impact on the interconnection. While Western Asian countries are mostly influenced by the railway infrastructure, Eastern European countries already have relatively robust infrastructure where tariff policies provide a greater impetus.

Sustainable Conservation of the Coal Mining Town: Ombilin Sawahlunto West Sumatra Indonesia Context

Sawahlunto is a small town located 116 km from the West Sumatra city of Padang. It was the second coal-mining town which was opened by the Netherlands after North Borneo. The discovery of this coal deposit interest to embed the Netherlands Colonial investment. At the end of the 19th century they initiated three major projects in West Sumatra. The third major project is the construction of Railway Infrastructure along the 155 km between Sawahlunto towards port in Padang city, the construction of the Teluk Bayur harbour and the construction of the mining town of Sawahlunto. The presence of the whole infrastructure has made a new history for the people of Indonesia at that time. Nevertheless the whole infrastructure is still survives and has been a witness to the struggle of the nation.Historical heritage attracts the Government town of Sawahlunto, observer preservation and historians. These stakeholders are then shared with the public the city declared to still preserve the historical heritage of this evidence. This commitment has resulted in the preservation of program implementation is running very well. So the whole infrastructure has in the mining town of conservation and is enabled to support government programs especially in the field of historical tourism and culture. This preservation program has been bearing the name of the town of Sawahlunto and has become one of the tourist destinations in West Sumatra. This success became a passion for the City Government to propose Sawahlunto being one to UNESCO World Heritage sites. As evidence of the extraordinary diusulukan of the Ombilin coal mine is a city with an infrastructure of railway and warehousing coal in Teluk Bayur Harbour.The methodology used is Qualitative Observation from a current state to make future development plans. The basic observation will be taken from the process of preservation that has been done before especially for the town of Sawahlunto. Because of the town of Sawahlunto as a pioneer against the initiative. This article aims to identify sustainable development plan for the development of the heritage site. This management plan will affect property and maintenance as well as the development of new functions as a historical and cultural tourism destinations. The study will be made in the form of a framework for the management of the world heritage site and development guidelines for the world heritage site. The end of the research will produce guidelines for sustainability development historic district and the world heritage site management plan.

ФОРМИ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА ПРИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРОЕКТІВ РОЗВИТКУ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ

The article considers the essence of strategic partnership and the forms of strategic interaction in the implementation of railway infrastructure development projects. Strategic partnership is a system of voluntary, long-term and interrelated relations of an integration type between participants in economic activity.The problem of critical deterioration of the infrastructure of Ukraine can be solved through the interaction of Ukrzaliznytsia, the state, business and private investors. The strategic interaction of market entities is based on a long-term nature, key competencies that create unique values for consumers.The state of the railway infrastructure of Ukraine is analyzed and the features of strategic interaction are highlighted. The main strengths of the railway infrastructure is a developed railway network, high throughput, low cost of transportation, profitability of freight traffic. Weaknesses include incomplete reform, the lack of a mechanism for the participation of a private partner in the construction of railway infrastructure, a ban on concession of main lines, unprofitable passenger transportations, bureaucratic procedures for cargo clearance for international transport. The disadvantages of the implementation of public private partnership projects are the high cost and complexity of the process, the lack of company management skills.The importance of strategic cooperation in rail transport in the framework of public-private partnerships was emphasized. The main factor holding back the development of public-private partnerships in the transport industry of Ukraine is a weak regulatory framework. Other forms of implementing a strategic partnership are a stakeholder concept, a network concept, and a life cycle contract. With a variety of forms of interaction, they are designed to provide a certain benefit; however, the effect for each of the participants is best when implementing a strategic partnership.

철도 인프라 건설의 비용초과 현상에 관한 연구: 원인 및 시사점을 중심으로

철도 건설에서 비용초과 현상은 실제 건설에서 발생한 비용이 계획시에 추정된 비용을 초과하여 과다하게 발생하는 현상이다. 이러한 현상은 미래추정의 불확실성에 따른 비용 과다발생 혹은 전략적 왜곡에 따른 비용 과소추정으로 인해 발생한다. 본 연구는 철도 건설에서의 비용초과 현상을 확인하고, 이에 대한 원인과 해결방향을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 우선 국내외 연구에서 제시된 데이터 분석을 통하여, 철도와 공공 인프라 건설에서 비용초과 현상이 광범위하게 발생한다는 것을 확인한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 비용추정 오차를 최소화하기 위한 예측의 정교화와 프로젝트 진행에서 전략적 왜곡을 감소시킬 방안을 동시에 추진하는 것이 필요하다.

Risk Assessment of Additional Works in Railway Construction Investments Using the Bayes Network

The implementation of railway infrastructure construction projects including sustainable development goals is a complex process characterized by a significant extension of individual investment stages. The need for additional works has a big impact on construction railway projects, representing a risk which is the result of many different factors. During the execution of works, both the design assumptions and the conditions of the project’s implementation can be changed. An attempt to eliminate potential risks is a key element of construction projects. The article proposes a proprietary management method for the risk of additional works in railway projects. A methodology for creating risk management strategies using a standard algorithm that includes risk identification, risk analysis, and risk assessment is presented. The original elements of the work include risk identification followed by analysis using Bayesian networks. Using the example of a scenario of events, it is shown that a well-programmed network can be used to implement risk mitigation methods. Using the network, it is possible to compare different ways to reduce risk, check the effect of reducing the risk factors, and determine a satisfactory level of effects, e.g., increased financial resources as a result of additional works.

Synergetic Effect and Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Railway Transportation in Sustainable Development of Trade: An Empirical Study Based on the Belt and Road

The low-energy consumption and large-capacity of railway transportation play vital catalytic roles in economy and trade. Scientific research investigating the relationship between railway transportation and trade is important in promoting their coordinated development, exerting their synergistic effects, and realizing sustainable trade. Given the serious imbalance between the development of railway transportation and trade of countries along the “the Belt and Road” (The “Silk Road Economic Belt” and the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”), we used the entropy weight method to calculate the level of railway transportation and trade development, and then calculated the coordination degrees of the countries along the Belt and Road between them using the coupling-coordination model. The results showed that the average coupling degree between railway transportation and trade development was 0.728, which means that there is a strong interaction between railway transportation and trade. Only 25% of these countries achieved highly coordinated development, and these countries could achieve sustainable trade by fully utilizing the synergetic effect of railway transportation and trade. The coordination degrees of countries along the Belt and Road have strong spatial agglomeration, and the performance of Middle and Eastern European countries is better. Finally, we put forward some suggestions, such as strengthening the construction of railway infrastructure, improving the railway operation level, developing multimodal transport, and enlarging the role of the railway transportation network in the trade of the Belt and Road to achieve sustainable trade.

Influence of Typical Railway Objects in a mmWave Propagation Channel

In the future railway services, wireless communication is the fundamental part and millimeter wave (mmWave) is foreseen to be a key enabler toward the smart railway. An accurate understanding of the propagation environment can assist designing both systems and railway infrastructures for better communication services. In this paper, the influence of typical objects to the mmWave propagation channel is analyzed for “train-to-infrastructure” and “intrawagon” railway scenarios with various configurations. Propagation measurements are conducted in the mmWave band for the 12 most common railway materials. The corresponding electromagnetic parameters are obtained, and a 3-D ray tracing (RT) simulator is calibrated. The mean absolute error of the simulated $S_{21}$ parameter is $-$ 53.5 dB, indicating that the calibrated RT can be used to generate the close-to-real mmWave channel for railway scenarios. Statistically consistent scenarios and deployments are generated, which enables drawing unbiased numerical results based on intensive RT simulations. The influence of typical objects and corresponding material compositions is then compared, and significant objects are determined for each scenario. The results of this work not only imply how the propagation environment impacts on the propagation channel, but also make suggestions to efficiently reconstruct railway environment models for an accurate RT-based channel model. Moreover, the understanding of the influence of the environment at object and material levels will, in turn, guide the construction of railway infrastructure for better railway services.