Construction Of Public Infrastructure Research Articles

Can cultural capital, cognitive ability, and economic capacity help rural older adults bridge the digital divide? Evidence from an empirical study.

The digital divide is the difference between individuals who use the Internet and those who do not. Under the triple social environment of urban-rural dichotomy, population aging, and the digital era in China, the existence of digital divide among rural older adults has seriously affected their access to health information through the Internet, so it is urgent to bridge the digital divide problem they face. Based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory and Stress Coping Theory, the impact of cultural capital on the digital divide among rural older adults was systematically analyzed using hierarchical regression and Chained Mediation Effect Tests using data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Cultural capital has a significant positive effect on the digital divide among rural older adults (β = 0.178, p < 0.01). Cognitive ability and economic capacity both play independent intermediary effects between cultural capital and digital divide among rural older adults, and the intermediary chain formed by the two plays a chain intermediary effect. The increase in the cultural capital of rural older adults has led to an increase in their cognitive ability and economic capacity, which ultimately has a favorable effect on the bridging of the digital divide. Heterogeneity results suggest that cultural capital is more effective in bridging the digital divide among male rural older adults aged 60-69. Cultural capital is able to bridge the digital divide faced by rural older adults and is age and gender heterogeneous. At the same time, improved cognitive ability and economic capacity can also help rural older adults bridge the digital divide. Therefore, it is proposed that we increase the construction of public cultural service infrastructure in rural areas, liaise with community neighborhood committees and village committees to do a good job of publicity, improve training measures for key groups, and maintain the enthusiasm of rural older adults for learning, so as to provide references for the rural older adults in China and developing countries in general to bridge the digital divide.

Association between social capital and utilization of essential public health services among elderly migrants: a multilevel logistic study based on the 2017 China migrant dynamic survey (CMDS)

BackgroundAs the number of elderly migrants in China continues to grow, it is necessary to pay closer attention to their health and health services. Some studies have confirmed that social capital plays a significant role in the utilization of health services. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of the relationship between social capital and the utilization of essential public health services (EPHS) by elderly migrants will not only contribute to improving their overall health but also facilitate a more balanced development of public health service system in China.MethodsBased on the cross-sectional data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS), this study examined the impact of social capital on the utilization of EPHS among elderly migrants. We evaluated social capital at two distinct levels: the individual and the community, and considered two dimensions of social capital: structural social capital (SSC) and cognitive social capital (CSC). The study aimed to delve into the impact of these forms of social capital on the utilization of EPHS among elderly migrants, and whether the migration range moderates this impact by multilevel logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 5,728 migrant elderly individuals were selected. The health records establishment rate and health education acceptance rate were approximately 33.0% and 58.6%, respectively. Social capital influenceed the utilization of EPHS among elderly migrants. Specifically, individual-level SSC and CSC have impacts on both the establishment of health records (OR = 1.598, 95%CI 1.366–1.869; OR = 1.705, 95%CI 1.433–2.028) and the acceptance of health education (OR = 1.345, 95%CI 1.154–1.567; OR = 2.297, 95%CI 1.906–2.768) among elderly migrants, while community-level SSC only affected the acceptance of health education (OR = 3.838, 95%CI 1.328–11.097). There were significant differences in individual-level SSC, health records, and health education among different migration range subgroups among elderly migrants. Migration range moderated the effect of social capital on the utilization of EPHS, crossing provinces could weaken the relationship between SSC and health education.ConclusionsSocial capital is associated with a higher utilization rate of EPHS among elderly migrants. It is necessary to encourage them to actively participate in social activities, strengthen public services and infrastructure construction in the area, and improve their sense of belonging and identity.

School Policies and Primary School Architecture in the City of Annaba (ex Bône), Algeria, 1830–1962

This study investigates the history of the French colonial architecture of schools in the city of Annaba (ex Bône) in Algeria by spotlighting the buildings and their characteristics to identify the links between educational colonial policies, primary school architecture, and the context of their creation. This historical perspective enhances our understanding regarding the evolution of the architecture of Bône primary schools. Although the construction of public infrastructure at that time followed the movement of building Algerian cities to occidental standards, the issue of education and the construction of primary schools was extremely political, since French public instruction in Algeria was an integral part of the political project of colonial conquest. Primary school was a powerful tool of moral conquest; it began with a civilising mission then shifted to assimilation and integration. The evolution of the production of primary schools testifies to the seal of the various colonial educational policies, laws, and successive reforms that spread over this period, which influenced the school and its architecture.

Research on Optimization of Quantitative Evaluation Model of Value for Money for PPP Projects

With the continuous development of China construction industry, in recent years, government departments are actively cooperating with social capital in the PPP model to solve public infrastructure construction problems. This study explores the interaction between the driving factors that affect value for money in the PPP model and their respective importance proportions. It combines the literature analysis method and the Delphi method to construct an index system, uses the analytic hierarchy process to calculate the weight of the driving factors, and adopts decision-making The laboratory method was used to construct a comprehensive influence matrix and calculate centrality. The results show that the comprehensive impact of reasonable risk sharing, recognition of stakeholders, organizational and operational capabilities, long-term contract, full life cycle costs, and government control of prices is relatively high. Government factors are easily affected by other types of factors, while society and the environment have a higher degree of impact on other factors.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Equalization Level of Basic Public Cultural Services in Henan Province

A strong culture makes a strong nation. the equalization of basic public cultural services is the basis of realizing a strong culture and the key to promoting common prosperity. Based on the three dimensions of public cultural service investment, infrastructure construction and product benefit, 8 indexes were selected to evaluate the equalization level of basic public cultural services, and the time-series global principal component analysis was used to conduct a dynamic evaluation of the equalization level of basic public cultural services in 18 cities in Henan Province from 2017 to 2021. The results show that the level of equalization of basic public cultural services in Henan Province is generally on an upward trend, but varies widely among municipalities in the province.

Construction Conditions and Practices during War in Afghanistan

Reconstruction during the recent conflict in Afghanistan involved extensive construction of public infrastructure alongside an ongoing civil war. This article sheds light on some practical effects on construction projects of political instability, violence, and associated economic and governance conditions in conflict-affected settings in general. It contributes to knowledge on construction in conflict settings by identifying generic relationships that connect prevailing conflict-affected conditions with responding dysfunctional construction project practices. Through interviews with 32 practitioners engaged in construction projects during the recent war in Afghanistan, nine widespread dysfunctional practices were identified: fraudulent testing of materials, corrupt certification, excessive underpricing, fraudulent bidding, partial and complete tender subversion, contract reassignment, inadequate superintendence, and intimidation of superintendents. While these practices that were common in Afghanistan are not exclusive to conflict scenarios, they appear to increase in prevalence amid weakened regulatory systems that characterize conflict-affected situations in general. The expanded prevalence of these practices amidst conflict can crowd-out diligent contracting practices from construction markets. In addition to undermining project outcomes and associated political objectives in the short- and medium-term, potential persistence of such dysfunctional practices has long-term implications for construction industry development and infrastructure investment in places emerging from conflict.

Implementing relational contracting in a public client organization: the influence of policy clashes, resources and project autonomy

Relational contracting models are increasingly being used for large and complex public infrastructure construction projects, but both practices and outcomes still widely vary. When analyzing the causes of failures and successes, most studies have focused on practices at the project level. In this paper, we add to the current understanding of relational contracting in public construction by examining the influence of factors at the organizational and institutional levels. We develop a framework based on theories of policy implementation and analyze two projects piloting a new Early Contractor Involvement model in a large public infrastructure client organization. In this case, a previous marketization policy, prescribing low client involvement in project processes, interfered with the relational contracting policy. This policy clash was not openly acknowledged from the start, despite causing significant confusion and frustration at the project level, but became recognizable largely through its consequences for resource allocation and managerial attention. We conclude that policy ambiguities, combined with a project-based implementation context, produce local interpretations and variations in relational contracting models. When project autonomy is high, industry-level agreements, standards and resources are important to align practices also between projects within the same client organization.

The System Construction of Rural Grass Roots Social Governance

Under the correct leadership of the country, China's rural society has continuously made remarkable achievements in the long process of development, especially in recent years, the theoretical guidance of socialism with Chinese characteristics has further improved the construction of public service level infrastructure in rural society, guiding the rural social and industrial institutions to undergo qualitative changes and benefiting the people. From this point of view, the article analyzes the construction of the grass-roots social governance system in rural China, with a view to laying the foundation for further development of related work.

Private capital incentive model in public-private partnership projects for the development of public infrastructure

Public infrastructure development is considered to be the basis for comfortable living conditions of all the citizens. Therefore, the optimization of public infrastructure should be treated as an important task of any government. The Public-Private Partnership (hereinafter referred to as PPP) model makes it possible to reduce financial pressure on the government budget, to accelerate the construction of public infrastructure and to enhance the efficiency of investment management. The analysis of Russian experience [1], as well as the experience of a number of foreign countries [2], indicates that many issues of financial support, including the issues of reimbursement of costs to public-private partnership entities, have not been sufficiently developed in terms of law and economics. The interval model of a linear compensation mechanism as applied to Chinese PPP models is proposed in this paper. The authors analyze three types of models for subsidizing PPPs by the Chinese government: rate of return model for discounted construction costs; model of discounted construction costs; rate of return model for discounted average construction costs at the beginning of the period. The mechanism for establishing a range of state compensation for additional costs of a private investor due to a reduction in construction time is proposed in the article.

Study on influence factors of public participation willingness in substation project based on integrated TPB-NAM model.

Public infrastructure, such as substations, is crucial for the advancement of the economy and society. However, the "not in my backyard" phenomenon is causing concern among the population, and these two things are at odds with one another. This study aims to investigate the driving mechanism that influences participation willingness of the public in order to promote the construction of substations, so the study proposes an integration model based on the planned behavior theory and the normative activation theory. Moreover, a structural equation model is created using the two dimensions, namely, social altruism and personal egoism, while data of 568 questionnaires are used for empirical research in combination with the "Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory" method; these data are collected in the surrounding areas of three 110kV substations in Jiaozuo city, China. The key factors that affect participation willingness of the public are discussed, and the study demonstrates that the model is most significantly impacted by public trust, which is an a priori variable. Furthermore, the direct path coefficient of personal norms on participation willingness is the largest, which confirms that increased moral responsibility has a beneficial effect on project execution, and subjective norms contribute to the improvement of the assessment model overall since they are the main variables with the largest centrality degree in the system. The findings of this research better our understandings about the mechanism of "not in my backyard" and offer practical implications for its dissolution. On the basis of this, we present pertinent policy proposals for the "not in my backyard" effect that develops during the construction of public infrastructure.

How does public infrastructure construction influence CO2 emissions? A global case

To empirically investigate as to whether and how public infrastructure influences the global greenhouse effect, this study utilizes a panel dataset of 35 countries over the period 2003–2019 for regression estimation. Furthermore, regional heterogeneous and mediation effects between infrastructure and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are explored. The primary findings insist that: 1) at the global level, public infrastructure is positive associated with CO2 emissions. In other words, strengthening infrastructure at this stage is not conducive to mitigating the greenhouse effect; 2) public infrastructure construction development in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries has a greater positive impact on CO2 emissions than in non-BRI countries; and 3) the mediation roles of industrial upgrading and trade openness are established; specifically, trade openness and industrial upgrading are valid transmission routes through which public infrastructure affects CO2 emissions. Based on the above three findings, a number of policy implications related to accelerate low-carbon construction of infrastructure and promote industrial upgrading are proposed.

A Review of Aggregates for Land Transport Infrastructure in New Zealand

Aggregates are an important non-renewable resource and the primary raw material for land transport and building infrastructure. New Zealand as a country has an abundant endowment of rock minerals suitable for aggregate for the construction, maintenance, and recycling of public and private infrastructure. However, due to a deficit in infrastructure planning and development for a number of decades, strong population growth in many areas and much of New Zealand’s public infrastructure is coming to the end of its useful and/or economic life — there is an increasing demand for aggregates in many regions of New Zealand. Some regions of New Zealand have difficulties sourcing appropriate materials locally for infrastructure purposes, and there are increasing sensitivities to the extraction of aggregates from communities and iwi/hapu (tribes) who have experienced and seen the effects of poor industry extraction and environmental practices and the lack of monitoring and regulation of consent conditions. Little appropriate data is currently available either nationally or within regions to sustainably plan, manage, use and reuse/recycle aggregates for various public or private infrastructure and therefore to enable the forecasting of future aggregate demand. This paper develops a better understanding of the supply and demand issues both nationally and within regions with the aim of informing a future aggregate strategy to better manage aggregate resources. The paper reviews New Zealand and international literature, reviews aggregate and land use consent data, and evaluates novel methods of EROAD truck transponder data to evaluate aggregate haul distances. Finally, we provide recommendations on how to better manage aggregate supply and demand in New Zealand.

Research on the Audit Prediction Model of "Special Bonds + PPP" Project based on Machine Learning.

This paper aims at the whole-process tracking audit problem of “special bonds + PPP” mode (hereinafter referred to as “special bonds + PPP”) in public infrastructure construction projects and establishes an audit evaluation prediction model based on the theory and method of machine learning. Firstly, based on expert interviews and the actual working process of “special bonds + PPP,” the comprehensive evaluation index system of the whole process tracking audit is established. Secondly, innovate audit technology methods and apply machine learning theories and methods such as support vector machine, back propagation neural network, multinomial logistic regression, and random forest to the whole tracking audit of “special bonds + PPP.” Finally, the real case evaluation sample data are selected, and the four established models, that is, SVM, BP, Multinom, and RF, are trained and predicted. After comparative analysis, the RF model with the highest accuracy is selected as the evaluation prediction model.

Integrated evaluation of resource and environmental carrying capacity during the transformation of resource-exhausted cities based on Euclidean distance and a Gray-TOPSIS model: A case study of Jiaozuo City, China

The development process of resource-based cities has obvious stage characteristics, and its resource and environmental carrying capacity is an important dynamic index to measure sustainable development and a powerful tool for the government decision-making, especially for resource-exhausted cities. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to accurately evaluate the carrying capacity of coal cities and correctly diagnose the obstacle factors. As one of the first resource-exhausted cities in China, Jiaozuo City has undergone different stages of evolution in its resource and environmental carrying capacity in the process of successful transformation. To this end, we constructed a Grey Relational Analysis model of Euclidean Distance based on TOPSIS (ED-GRA-TOPSIS) to evaluate the carrying capacity of the three subsystems of Resources, Environment and Socio-economic (RES) in Jiaozuo City from 2004 to 2019, and a diagnosis model of obstacle degree to calculate and analyze the main controlling factors affecting its sustainable development. The results show that: (1)The comprehensive resource and environmental carrying capacity of Jiaozuo City has experienced three stages of slow improvement (2004–2008), steady development (2009–2012) and rapid promotion (2013–2019). (2)In the early years, relying on resource endowment, the development level of the resource subsystem was obviously higher than that of the other two subsystems, followed by a “W”-shaped fluctuation; The carrying capacity of the environmental and socio-economic subsystems presents an upward trend. (3)Scientific and technological innovation, ecological and environmental protection, public infrastructure investment and green development are the main restrictive factors of Jiaozuo’s economic and social development, which weaken the temporary carrying capacity of its urban development, but in the long run, they are the primary driving force of sustainable development. Specific countermeasures and suggestions were proposed, including restricting the exploitation of resources and strictly controlling the emission of pollution, increasing the construction of urban public infrastructure and improving the level of public services, rationally planning the development direction of the industry and avoiding dependence on coal to another dependent development model. By establishing the ED-GRA-TOPSIS model, the reliability and rationality of the evaluation results are verified, which can provide reference for the formulation of development strategies of resource-based cities.

The Triple Logic of Common Prosperity of Spiritual Life in the New Era

The goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects has been achieved with the great victory in the final battle against poverty, and "solid progress towards common prosperity" has become a new requirement for development. The realization of the goal of common prosperity implies the common prosperity of material life and spiritual life. Stepping into the new era, we should pay more attention to the abundance of spiritual life on the basis of meeting people's basic material needs. The theoretical interpretation of the common prosperity of spiritual life in the new era from the subject logic, value logic and practice logic can not only grasp the theoretical origin of the common prosperity of spiritual life, explore the value significance, but also provide method guidance for the practice of the common prosperity of spiritual life in the new era. In the traditional culture "two innovation", socialist core values and the construction of public cultural infrastructure to help achieve common prosperity of spiritual life.

Spatial mismatches between nighttime light intensity and building morphology in Shanghai, China

China's rapid urbanization is not only the expansion of urban land, but also the three-dimensional expansion of buildings, which are physical expansion of the city. However, whether urban social and economic activities and urban vitality match the physical expansion of cities is still unclear. Taking Shanghai as an example, we acquired the high-resolution (130 m) nighttime light (NTL) data to quantify urban vitality. We further calculated building metrics to measure spatial pattern of buildings. We adopted the spatial autocorrelation analysis to investigate the spatial (mis)matches between the urban vitality and the building morphology. We identified 5 types of typical mismatched areas in Shanghai. Areas with Low-NTL but High-density buildings mainly are old communities, resettlement communities and large industrial parks. Areas with High-NTL but Low-density buildings mainly are new urban development zones and sub-centers. We conclude that the degradation of quality of living environment in urban center areas hinders the promotion of local vitality where urban renewal is needed. In suburbs, strengthening the construction of public service infrastructure is the key to stimulating urban vitality.

Peranan Hukum Pajak sebagai Sumber Keuangan Negara pada Pembangunan Nasional dalam Upaya Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Rakyat

The purpose of this paper is to determine the condition of the problems of public welfare in Indonesia and to determine the role of tax law as an effort to improve the welfare of the Indonesian people as a cost for national development. This paper uses a descriptive normative legal research method. The technique of tracing legal materials uses document study techniques, and analysis of studies using qualitative analysis. The result of this research is that improving people's welfare is the essence of national development. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the last two years, the level of public welfare has decreased. Seeing the condition of the community's welfare level during the pandemic, it is necessary to have an instrument to improve and restore the Indonesian economy for development and public welfare. Taxes are an instrument of the Indonesian economy and are the main contribution of government revenues used for national development and state spending. Tax receipts in a pandemic situation have a role for economic recovery. From this condition, tax instruments can be prioritized for financing state spending, so that the state can overcome the problem of budget deficits, increase state spending, national development, and efforts to improve the welfare of the people so that people can feel the benefits of tax revenues for the construction of public service facilities and infrastructure, education. affordable, affordable health, defense and security, fuel subsidies, energy, and food orderly and smoothly.

Is Ppp the New Firepower For Islamic Finance That Will Accelerate Progress Towards (SDGS)?

Having access to essential infrastructure services is pivotal in creating economic opportunities and bringing social services to the poor. Their deficiency leads to a number of negative consequences and lost opportunities (the World Bank indicates that currently 1 billion people live without electricity, 663 million people lack access to safe drinking water, 840 million people are located more than 2 kilometers from all-weather roads, and 4 billion people cannot access the Internet). The systematization of the results of World Bank research proved that lower-and middle-income countries need to spend on average 4.5 percent of GDP to deliver infrastructure services and achieve the infrastructure-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The urgency of solving this problem lies in the fact that in many countries, the high levels of investment required for infrastructure cannot be financed by the public purse alone. Therefore, the governments of these countries should pay attention to private investments as a tool for additional fundraising. The article presents the results of the analysis, which proved that the Private-Public Partnership has increasingly become a common structure for the delivery of public infrastructure. It offers the opportunity for governments and nongovernmental bodies to achieve more efficient projects by sharing risks and giving the private sector a chance to bring innovation to the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of public infrastructure. The study theoretically proves that public-private partnership offers monetary and non-monetary advantages for the public sector, in particular: allowing the allocation of public funds for other local priorities, distributing project risks to both public and private sectors, improved efficiency and project implementation processes in delivering services to the public, emphasizes Value for Money (VfM) – focusing on reduced costs, better risk allocation, faster implementation, improved services and possible generation of additional revenue. In the paper, based on a comparative analysis of conventional bonds and Sukuk (Islamic bonds), it was concluded that conventional bonds represent the issuer’s pure debt, while the latter offers multiple benefits: lower costs of funds due to higher rating via credit enhancement, access to the capital markets, diversification of funding sources, off-balance sheet financing (via securitization), improvement of financial ratios, and potential risk reduction.

Optimalisasi Pengelolaan dan Pemanfaatan Lahan Untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan Di Desa Sindangsari Dalam Mewujudkan Visi Integrated, Smart, and Green Campus

The provision of agricultural land for food is currently facing pressure due to competition from other sectors as a result of economic growth and population growth. This condition causes food agriculture land to be faced with the problem of decreasing land area due to conversion to non-agricultural uses. The converted land area is mostly intended for residential housing developments in addition to the construction of public infrastructure, offices, shops and industries. This conversion of agricultural land can have a negative impact on agricultural development. Each district or city actually has to reserve and protect agricultural land that has the potential to be developed into sustainable food-producing agricultural land. However, in its implementation, the determination of the area for sustainable food-producing agricultural land has not been carried out by many districts or cities for various reasons. Likewise in Banten, the availability of agricultural land in Banten Province is getting depleted due to being eroded by development, new efforts and breakthroughs are needed in maintaining the availability of agricultural products while maintaining food security for the Banten people, one of which is by utilizing idle land owned by developers in urban areas so that they can be worked on by the community. farmer. Currently, the management of idle land owned by developers in urban areas is still not optimal. As a result, a lot of unused land is left empty before being built into housing. There needs to be support from all parties so that the management of unused land can be optimized in maintaining food security in Banten Province can always be maintained, in addition to avoiding consumptive people's habits, relying on all their daily needs from buying, while a lot of land can still be cultivated and cooperated. This study explains about Land Management and Land Use for Food in the area around the Untirta Sindang Sari campus and around the Sindang Sari village area which is still not optimal. This research is also to find out, examine and develop alternative policies related to efforts to optimize the potential of agricultural land used for food utilization. The long-term goal of this research is that this research aims to optimize land use and management to support food security in Banten and national food security. Food products in Banten can not only meet the needs of their own region, but can also meet the needs of National Food and even for export commodities to foreign countries. The specific target to be achieved from this research is to strive to achieve one of Untita's Visions and Missions, namely Realizing the Integrated, Smart, and Green Campus Vision. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Kemendikbudristek) has made Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University a Center for the Study of Food Security and Local Food Innovation in Banten so that with the new Untirta Building from the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB), Untirta can become a center of excellence. in Food Security. Untirta does not only focus on the development of food products, but is also accompanied by the development of technology. This research uses Sociological Normative and Juridical Normative legal research methods. This research is descriptive analytical and uses primary data sources and secondary data sources. Descriptive in this study is a description of the situation, conditions, circumstances, and realities that exist in the area around the Untirta Sindang Sari campus and around the Sindang Sari village area in terms of land use and land management to support food security. Then analyze what the problem is in order to find a solution to the problem. Sources of data used in this study were obtained from Library Research (Library Research). The normative juridical in this research is in the form of a discussion of several laws and regulations made by the government that are enforced to regulate the formation of regional areas and land use. Sociological Normative Research on law constructs law as a system of laws and regulations that have existed so far and then constructed in a society's behavior.

Research on the Integration of PPP Mode into China s Rural Public Infrastructure Construction: Based on the literature review method

In recent years, all parts of China have actually launched PPP projects based on their own regions. Practice shows that this project works well and plays an important role in promoting rural construction. However, there is no systematic research on the specific role of PPP model in promoting rural revitalization and development, and the research results are limited and scattered. In view of this, the author explores the role of PPP model in promoting the construction of rural public infrastructure based on the course knowledge and literature review. In the specific research, firstly, the research achievements of the academic circles around PPP mode are sorted out; Then, combining with China s own reality, it explores the role and influence of PPP model in promoting rural construction. Finally, on the basis of the existing research, the problems of PPP model in promoting rural construction in China are summed up, and some policy suggestions on how to solve these problems are put forward. This research is of great enlightenment and reference significance to the application of PPP mode in China and its practice in rural areas.