Construction Of Office Buildings Research Articles

PERBANDINGAN BIAYA DAN WAKTU ANTARA METODE KONVENSIONAL DENGAN METODE MODULAR MENGGUNAKAN MICROSOFT PROJECT

<p><em>Indonesia's construction sector is experiencing rapid growth, this proven by numerous development projects, including a sub-district building construction project, aiming to optimize community services. </em><em>A project must have three aspects, namely cost, quality and time. Choosing an implementation method is very important </em><em>so that a project can achieve these three goals.</em><em> </em><em>The research method used a quantitative descriptive approach with the aim of comparing cost and time aspects between conventional methods and modular methods. The conventional approach involves working on site using conventional building materials, while the modular approach involves the use of pre-fabricated modules. In analyzing the costs and time of construction of the Grabag Sub-district office building, Purworejo Regency, Microsoft project application was used to calculate the duration of the work. The cost analysis show that building structure work using the conventional method costs Rp.3,086,929,413.11, while the modular method costs Rp.3,646,018,620.52. So the difference in the cost of construction work is Rp.559,089,207.42 or 18.11% higher for work using the modular method. The time analysis obtained building structure work using conventional methods require 150 days while the modular method is 87 days or time efficiency of 63 days or 42% lower for work with modular methods. The results of the Time Cost Trade Off (TCTO) calculation showed that the total project cost for conventional construction was Rp.2,781,017,489 while the cost for modular construction was Rp.3,117,530,328. So a difference of Rp.336,512,839 is higher for modular construction. Therefore, conventional construction is the most economical option for the sub-district building.</em></p>

On the Necessity for Improving Water Efficiency in Commercial Buildings: A Green Design Approach in Hot Humid Climates

Water, a fundamental and indispensable resource necessary for the survival of living beings, has become a pressing issue in numerous regions worldwide due to scarcity. Urban areas, where the majority of the global population resides, witness a substantial consumption of blue water, particularly in commercial buildings. This study investigates the potential for enhancing water efficiency within an ongoing high-rise office building construction situated in a tropical climate. The investigation utilizes the green building guidelines of leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED) through a case-study-based research approach. Strategies included using efficient plumbing fixtures (such as high air–water ratio fixtures and dual-flush toilets), the selection of native plants, implementing a suitable irrigation system, introducing a rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) and improving the mechanical ventilation and air conditioning (MVAC) system. The results showed a 55% reduction in water use from efficient fixtures, a 93% reduction in landscaping water needs and a 73% overall water efficiency with a RWHS from the baseline design. Additionally, efficient cooling towers and the redirection of condensed water into the cooling tower make-up water tank improved the overall water efficiency to 38%, accounting for the water requirements of the MVAC system. The findings of this study can contribute to more sustainable and water-efficient urban development, particularly in regions facing water scarcity challenges. The significance of these findings lies in their potential to establish industry standards and inform policymakers in the building sector. They offer valuable insights for implementing effective strategies aimed at reducing blue water consumption across different building types.

Factors Affecting Construction Project Performance: Bharatpur Metro Case Study

This study is conducted to evaluate the time, cost overrun, time-cost relationship and to identify and evaluate the major factors affecting the performance of construction projects in Bharatpur metropolitan city. The study of 11 recently completed ward office building construction projects, revealed that all of them experienced time overruns, ranging from 28% to 150% beyond the contract time. Additionally, 9 of the 11 projects suffered from cost overruns, ranging from 18.54% to 41.03% over the contract amount. In Bharatpur metropolitan city, there is a positive but moderately predictive relationship between construction time and project cost, with longer construction durations typically associated with higher project costs. A questionnaire survey involving 61 identified factors categorised into 9 groups was conducted, validated through the Content Validity test, Criterion Validity test and Cronbach’s Alpha tests. Analysis using Relative Importance Index (RII) determined that the most significant factors, agreed upon by all stakeholders, included project manager leadership skills, materials price escalation, average delay because of closure and materials shortage, design and drawing changes, subcontractor control, organisation liquidity and delayed payments of Relative Importance Index (RII) ranging from 0.513 to 0.925. The Spearman rank correlation (⍴), there is a significant agreement between the ranking of Client, consultant and contractor

Legal Certainty Regarding Buyback Guarantees in Banking Agreements

Indonesia is in the development stage in all areas, including facilities and infrastructure in the form of construction and rehabilitation of roads, bridges, public housing, office buildings and public facilities. Meanwhile, development in the spiritual sector includes government development in the fields of education, religion, social, culture and politics. The government always strives for development to be carried out in an optimal manner, whether with short-term, medium-term or long-term development. The desire for a residence is a person's (personal) achievement where it is a personal priority for each individual, some people may consider that the quality of a human's life is incomplete if they do not have a residence or private residence. In this way, a residence or house is not just a place to shelter, but everyone wants their residence/home to have elements of comfort and security, various public and social facilities and adequate facilities and infrastructure. What is an obstacle for every individual here is the limitation in getting ideal housing? Thus, the discussion regarding housing/settlement is of concern to both parties, not just to the dominance of the individual. The parties involved in this include consumers (debtors), developers (developers) and the bank as creditor.

Analysis of Consultant Building Project Management Using the CPM (Critical Path Method)

Critical Path Method (CPM) is a technique used to plan and organize project schedules by identifying the critical path which is one of the most contributing aspects to project success. This research aims to formulate the completion time of the consultant office building construction project using the CPM method. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out through various activities, including field observations, interviews, and literature studies. The results showed that the application of CPM in project planning and scheduling can determine the critical path and identify the shortest duration for project completion. CPM enabled the acceleration of project completion from 592 days to 469 days, saving 123 days. This study confirms that the quality of project planning and control significantly affects the successful completion of the project. The findings support the use of CPM for time efficiency improvement on similar construction projects and recommend further research on the application of CPM on various other types of projects.

Scheduling Analysis with Monte Carlo Simulation and Statistic Method on a Building Construction Project

In the construction of an office building in Indonesia, a delay occurred in the first-floor concrete work. The project was planned to be completed in 161 days but it took 168 days to complete. This study analyzed the issues that arose by doing a scheduling analysis and by comparing the Monte Carlo Simulation and the Statistic method. A comparison between these methods was carried out to determine the project duration scheduling probability level from each method. The data included in the study were the project’s Time Schedule and the interview data from respondents who were directly related to the office building construction project. Monte Carlo Simulation analysis showed that to get a 100% probability level, the duration can only be accelerated by two days, from 168 days to 166 days, while the Statistical method analysis showed that to get a 99.99% probability level the duration can only be accelerated by 4,2 days, from 168 days to 163.8 days. From the results above, it can be concluded that the Monte Carlo Simulation has a more accurate calculation than the Statistic Method because the result from the Monte Carlo Simulation was 166 days with a 100% probability level. It is close to the project realization duration which was 168 days.
 Keywords: construction delay analysis, monte carlo simulation, statistic method comparison

ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES: TYPES AND FEATURES

Purpose. The aim of the article is to systematize the modern types and features of energy efficiency management strategies of construction enterprises. Methodology of research. The method of systematization was used in research, which made it possible to classify the leading strategies of the specified category. The characteristics of the evaluated strategies were established with the help of the induction method, determined by the analysis of individual provisions of scientific works. Findings. Features of modern types of energy efficiency management strategies of construction enterprises are singled out and defined, including: strategies of intelligent energy efficiency management in the construction of office buildings, intersectoral network strategies of energy efficiency management, which include the participation of construction enterprises as structural participants, the strategy of standardization, certification and specifications of energy management of construction enterprises. The systematization of strategies of this type was carried out on the basis of the analysis of the provisions of scientific approaches of foreign authors and it was proved that their selected types are innovative, as they are based on modern models of interaction of participants, mechanisms that are acceptable for the current conditions of ICT development in the field of the construction sector. It has been established that the reference to the defined strategies can make it possible to improve the level of energy efficiency of construction enterprises and construction objects in the conditions of the development of a sustainable society and economy, aimed at the energy transition from fossil fuels and renewable energy, saving energy use. It was found that the implementation of strategies of the specified type has an effect both for socially responsible construction enterprises and for those that are focused only on compliance with existing norms and requirements. It is noted that the adaptation of the specified strategies to the conditions of operation of construction enterprises of Ukraine can be carried out given the fact that there are different positions of the business sector in this field. It was determined that the adoption of the trend of society and consumers regarding the choice of construction objects that have high energy saving indicators and involve the use of renewable energy is relevant for making decisions about the transition to energy efficiency of construction enterprises. Originality. The theoretical provision of types and features of modern energy efficiency management strategies of construction enterprises has gained further development. Practical value. The strategies identified in the study can be implemented in the conditions of Ukrainian construction enterprises, focused on achieving their own energy efficiency and energy efficiency of construction objects. Key words: energy efficiency, construction enterprises, CO2, construction objects, cross-sectoral network strategies, standardization, certification and specification of energy management, ICT, energy transition.

Sistem Pendeteksi Bencana Kebakaran Menggunakan ESP32 Dan Arduino Berbasis WEB

Fire is a threat to human safety, property and the environment. With the increasingly rapid development and progress of development, the risk of fires is increasing. Shophouses or shophouses are places that are prone to fires. The increasingly dense population and the construction of office buildings have created a vulnerability in the event of a fire. Preventive efforts must be carried out by each individual and work unit, so that casualties from fire incidents can be minimized. Fires can cause moral, material and even human life losses. Fires that hit public facilities, of course, cause losses to many people. Shophouse fires often occur suddenly due to short circuits, gas explosions or due to sparks from cigarettes/matches. The research carried out this time focuses on creating a fire detection system using ESP32 and Arduino. The system uses three sensors, namely a temperature sensor, a gas sensor and a fire sensor. Temperature sensors are useful for monitoring room temperature conditions, fire sensors are useful for detecting the presence of fire in a fire disaster and gas sensors are useful for detecting the presence of smoke that appears as a result of a fire disaster. This system uses an ESP32 microcontroller and uses the Arduino IDE application. The results of the fire detection system are expected to reduce the occurrence of fire accidents and also losses caused by fire accidents.

Analisa Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Pada Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Bertingkat Dengan Menggunakan Metode Time Study (Studi Kasus: Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Kejaksaan Tinggi Kalimantan Tengah)

The productivity of workers determines the success of the implementation of the construction project schedule, because it has an impact on the compatibility between the planning of the construction schedule and the progress of work in the field. The worker productivity that will be calculated is the work of reinforcing beams in the Central Kalimantan High Prosecutor's Office building construction project. The calculation of worker productivity will be carried out using the time study method.This study aims to determine the extent of worker productivity during working hours in the morning and evening. The method used in this research is the time study method, which is the measurement of labor productivity in the field by determining the standard time of a job. From this method can be seen the comparison of worker productivity from the results of a job. In this case study, the factors that affect worker productivity will be identified. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire by giving written questions to respondents that were relevant to the research objectives. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the productivity of workers in the morning higher with an average weight of 41,825 kg/hour than in the afternoon of 40,433 kg/hour. Where on the first day the productivity of morning workers is 12,56% and in the afternoon it is 11,97%. On the second day the productivity of morning workers is 12,81% and in the afternoon it is 12,18%. On the third day the productivity of morning workers is 12,68% and in the afternoon 12,43%. On the fourth day the productivity of morning workers is 12,85% and in the afternoon 12,52%. In general, it can be seen that the productivity of workers in the morning is higher than that of workers in the afternoon. There are 3 categories of factors that influence worker productivity: not influential (TB) are wind gusts; influential (B) are weather factors; number of workers, age, wages; managerial factors; effectiveness of working hours; and very influential are skill factors

ANALYSIS OF PROJECT DELAY USING THE CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM): A CASE STUDY ON THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT OF THE OPD OFFICE BUILDING IN PASURUAN

In construction project control, the main factors of concern are quality, time and cost control. So it is necessary to use one method in the implementation of control. This study aims to analyze the time and cost of the Raci OPD Office Building Construction project. The benefit of this research is to anticipate potential delays that occur in the project. The problem limitation is focused on work that has not been completed in the remaining time of the contract period. To analyze time and cost, this research uses Critical Path Method (CPM) and Time-Cost Trade-Off (TCTO) which begins with determining the work network and critical path. TCTO analysis is carried out by shortening the duration of work by adding 3 hours of overtime and calculating the Crash Slope of each job on the critical path. Rescheduling is done by accelerating the work that has the lowest cost. The results showed that the most effective rescheduling was carried out on the Lt.3 Installation and Plastering work with the acquisition of an acceleration duration of 8 days. And the total cost required for this acceleration is Rp. 29,441,424, - or Rp. 1,226,726, - per day for 24 days.

STUDY OF COST AND TIME ANALYSIS USING THE TIME COST TRADE-OFF (TCTO) METHOD IN THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT OF THE OFFICE BUILDING OF A GOVERNMENT AGENCY (OPD) IN PASURUAN

In construction project control, the main factors of concern are quality, time and cost control. So it is necessary to use one method in the implementation of its control. This study aims to analyze the time and cost of the Raci OPD Office Building Construction project. The benefit of this research is to anticipate potential delays that occur in the project. The problem limitation is focused on work that has not been completed in the remaining time of the contract period. To analyze time and cost, this research uses Critical Path Method (CPM) and Time-Cost Trade- Off (TCTO) which begins with determining the work network and critical path. TCTO analysis is carried out by shortening the duration of work by adding 3 hours of overtime and calculating the Crash Slope of each job on the critical path. Rescheduling is done by accelerating the work that has the lowest cost The results showed that the most effective rescheduling was carried out on the Lt.3 Installation and Plastering work with the acquisition of an acceleration duration of 8 days. And the total cost required for this acceleration is Rp. 29,441,424, - or Rp. 1,226,726,- per day for 24 days.

Evaluasi Biaya dan Waktu pada Pembangunan Gedung Kantor Bupati Pasuruan Dengan Metode Earned Value

The Pasuruan Regent Office Building Construction Project is a very important project because it involves the implementation of services to the community so that timeliness and quality in the implementation of development is a must. In week 17 the project experienced delays in implementation where in week 17 the progress plan was 36.906% but the facts in the field were still 22.70% so that there was a delay deviation of -14.204%. This study aims to serve as an early warning and evaluate the performance that is indicated to experience delays so that future realization progress can be carried out in accordance with the plan schedule. The method used is Earned Value Analysis which is a project management method used to measure and analyze project performance based on a comparison between the actual value of the work that has been completed (Earned Value, EV), the costs that have been incurred (Actual Cost, AC), and the estimated costs that should be incurred (Planned Value, PV) at a certain point in the project. EVM is a useful tool for monitoring project progress, identifying potential problems, and making predictions about how the project will proceed. Existing data is analyzed to obtain a prediction of the final state of project completion related to the estimated cost and schedule required. Data collection is carried out by collecting documents related to construction projects. From the results of the analysis, it was found that.

Comparatively Study of Compressive Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete with Different Concrete Grade

In SCC, also called self-compacting concrete (SCC), voids are filled by its own weight, which prevents vibration. Large office building construction in Japan can significantly reduce noise levels on construction sites and associated environmental effects by implementing the use of SCC. According to the method, gravel makes up 50% of the concrete mix's packed density, while sand makes up 50% of mortar's packed density. Because gravel and sand are considered independently, SCC has a relatively high paste content. Thus, many SCC mixes are stronger than they should be. Recently, there has been a greater acceptance of the use of SCC. Concrete is a crucial and often utilised building material, hence attempts must be made to make it better by, for instance, constructing structures with enhanced mechanical and durability properties. The behaviour of concrete’s compressive strength and its splitting tensile strength is correlated. Analysis and experimental testing of self-compacting concrete (SCC) from different concrete classes were conducted. It was expected that both types of concrete would reach their desired compressive strengths of 25 N/mm2, 30 N/mm2, and 35 N/mm2 at 7, 14, and 28 days. Concrete sample measuring 150 mm in cube shape had their compressive and splitting tensile properties evaluated at 7, 14- and 28-days using compression testing apparatus.

Evaluation of facade features in green building certified office buildings in terms of energy efficiency

The energy crisis in the world and reaching the point of depletion of resources have pushed the construction industry to seek the use of renewable energy resources. The sustainability approach that comes to the fore with this has gained an important place in the construction sector as well as in all other sectors. The construction of office buildings, which have a high energy consumption rate among the building groups, within the framework of sustainability principles is a result of this search. From this point of view, the aim of this study is to evaluate the facade features of sustainable office buildings with green building certificate within the scope of energy efficiency and to reveal the current practices. Within the scope of the study, 20 office buildings located in the world and in the literature were analyzed in detail in terms of their facade features. These analyzes are grouped under the titles of building envelope, facade material, integration of active and passive systems. In the light of the data obtained, it has been revealed that sustainable office buildings have facade applications for the use of renewable energy sources.

ANALISIS NILAI HASIL TERHADAP WAKTU MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE MICROSOFT PROJECT (STUDI KASUS PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG KANTOR KPU KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA)

The rapid of economic growth in Indonesia, of course, accompanied by the increasing public demand for construction projects. Each project has a different goal, in the implementation of the General Election Commission Office Building Construction Project which is planned for 143 calendar days, namely in the period 10th August 2020 to 31st December 2020 by the Contractor PT. Kalimasada Zahraa Jaya with a project value of Rp. 4.306.705.600,- In the process of achieving these goals, a good construction management is needed so that the project is in accordance with the plan. In this case, the Earned Value Analysis method is used to determine if there is a discrepancy in the implementation of the project. The data analysis process uses Microsoft Project software for project scheduling and human resource allocation for each element of work effectively and efficiently. The data analyzed include presenting S curve graph data, calculating the schedule variance "SV" and SPI values from the BCWP and BCWS data values every week or cumulatively to produce the actual project duration and the remaining total duration. From the results of the "EVA" method in the 20th week, the comulative EV value of Rp. 4,306,705,600, which shows that the costs incurred to complete the project are in accordance to the plan. The resulting SV figure is + Rp 20,499,919,- which means that the completion of the work is faster than the plan and the SPI value is 1,005, the project implementation performance is better than the schedule planning ahead of the plan.

Assessing life cycle cost and environmental impact for office building construction in Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT The continuous growth of the construction sector in Saudi Arabia will result in social, environmental, and economic implications. To this end, this study focuses on selecting optimal structural and external envelope systems for an office building in Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Our research’s novelty lies in the fusion of life cycle cost (LCC) and life cycle impact (LCI) assessment models to optimize structural and envelope choices, a methodology that has real-world applications for the sustainable construction of office buildings. The study findings offer a substantial contribution to the evolving field of sustainable construction practices by enhancing cost-efficiency and environmental performance. The proposed models evaluate different external envelope materials, including concrete masonry unit (CMU), insulated CMU, limestone cladding, autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), three types of glazing (double, triple, and Nanogel), and two structural systems (steel frame and reinforced concrete frame), considered over a 30-year lifespan. Our methodology integrates advanced tools, including Autodesk Revit for precise building modeling, Design Builder software for energy consumption simulations, and One Click LCA software for life cycle assessments. The LCC analysis reveals the most cost-effective option as reinforced concrete with insulated CMU and triple glazing, saving 5.6% or 11,962,496 Saudi Riyals compared to the baseline. Moreover, insulated CMU with Nanogel glazing demonstrates a remarkable 22% annual energy savings, equivalent to 397,469 Saudi Riyals. The proposed framework provides facility managers with comprehensive guidelines for updating conventional office buildings into sustainable ones.

Cost and Time Comparison Analysis of Conventional Slab with Half Slab Method for PT. AMP Surabaya Office Building Construction

This study aims to analyze the application of Precast half-slab formwork with conventional formwork in terms of cost and time. The use of precast concrete is based on advantages in terms of economy, efficiency, speed in implementation, and energy consumption which has an impact on the environment. This office construction project was carried out in the Graha Family area in Surabaya. This project uses the half slab precast method, where half of the plate (precast) is precast with a thickness of 7 cm, and the other half is cast on site (topping). In this final project research, an analysis and comparison of several methods of floor slab work is carried out so that it can be seen which method is considered more profitable. Analysis of conventional half slab and precast methods focuses on calculating direct costs in terms of materials, tools, and workers' wages as well as calculating the time needed to complete the work.

Analisis Perbandingan Quantity Take Off (QTO) Beton Menggunakan Metode Building Information Modelling (BIM) dan Metode Konvensional (Studi Kasus : Proyek Kantor PNM Cabang Jember)

Along with the world of construction that is growing, the stakeholders involved in it are trying to find methods and technologies that can make the activities contained in construction projects more efficient. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one of the most widely applied technological developments in the world of construction. One of the benefits of implementing BIM is that it can produce Quantity Take-Off (QTO) data output based on the 3 Dimensional model that has been created. This research examines the PT Permodalan Nasional Madani Branch Office Building Construction Project in Jember City which performs QTO calculations using 2 methods, namely the conventional method and the BIM method. The purpose of this study is to find out the results of the calculation of the QTO of the Conventional Method and the BIM Method, then to compare the results of the calculation of the QTO of the Conventional Method and the BIM Method, and to analyze the reasons for the differences in the results of QTO calculations on the Conventional Method and the BIM Method. The conventional method of performing calculations is using Ms.Excel software with reference to 2D drawings from AutoCAD. The BIM method uses Autodesk Revit software by performing 3D modeling which is directly integrated with the quantity calculation. The QTO calculation is carried out on the need for concrete materials in the superstructure (columns, beams and slabs) of the building. The results of QTO Concrete using the BIM method on column work 41.59 m³, beams 33.29 m³, and floor slabs 154.39 m³. The total QTO of concrete for the superstructure using the BIM method is 229.23 m³. The results of QTO Concrete using the Conventional method on column work 44.36 m³, beams 58.79 m³, and floor slabs 154.54 m³. The total QTO of concrete for the superstructure using the conventional method is 257.68 m³. The difference in the QTO results of the BIM and conventional methods for column work is 6.24%, beams are 43.37%, floor plans are 0.12%. The difference in the highest QTO value is in the beam structure item. The total difference in volume of concrete between the conventional method and the BIM method is 28.45 m³ or 11.04%. The reason for the difference in QTO results between the BIM and Conventional methods is due to the double calculations in the Conventional method at each intersection point between columns, beams and plates. Whereas with the BIM method every meeting will be calculated only on one of the elements with the order of domination of the calculation from the highest, namely plate, column, plate.

VALUE BASED DECISION ON TECHNOLOGY CRITERIA THAT ARE RESILENT AGAINST GLOBAL ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY

Infrastructure development is important in today's society. This has become an obstacle with the increasing number of residents in DKI Jakarta, because land is limited and has not been proportional to population growth. The COVID-19 pandemic has gradually paralyzed the world economic system. Currently, Indonesia is on the brink of recession. The IMF estimates that the global economy will experience a decline in growth rates of up to -3%. To determine the impact of global economic uncertainty on construction projects, the most appropriate alternative standards and strategies are needed from the criteria for technologies that are resilient to global economic uncertainty. In this research, there are 5 criteria and 3 alternatives that underlie the goal of the best strategy in the aspect of technology for Value Based Decision Making against global economic uncertainty. AHP is used to examine the importance level data by asking for opinions from 10 experts for criteria and alternatives. Based on the results of distributing questionnaires to experts, it is known that Office Building Construction is an alternative and Building Materials criteria are the most suitable criteria against economic uncertainty.

Current Mapping on the UBS Surabaya Office Building Construction Project

In the world of construction, waste is one of the factors that must be minimized or eliminated, because it can cause cost losses and time delays in the implementation of a construction project. Lean production concept approach using Value Stream Mapping (VSM) tools is a method that can be used to minimize waste that can be seen through value-added activities, non-value added but necessary. The scope of work that has a significant impact on the UBS Surabaya office building construction project consists of ironwork, concrete work, and formwork work on the superstructure, during the period from March to May 2021. In the scope of work identified Value Added amounting to 73 activities (61.34%), and Non-Value Added but Necessary totaling 26 activities (21.85%). There are several types of waste that occur during the implementation process,