Construction Of Hydropower Stations Research Articles

A novel multiple decision-maker model for resource-constrained project scheduling problems

A new multiple decision-maker model using bi-level programming is proposed for a resource-constrained project scheduling problem in a fuzzy random environment. In the model, activity duration is assumed to be a fuzzy random variable because of the complex uncertainties in project scheduling problems. The project owner, who is the upper-level decision maker, seeks to maximize profits whereas the lower-level contractor attempts to minimize cost. A global-local-neighbor particle swarm optimization with a fuzzy random simulation is then proposed to solve the advanced model. Finally, a sub-project of Nuozhadu Hydropower Station Construction Project in China is used to illustrate an application of the developed model. A comparison with other approaches is made and the generated results validate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed model and method.

Economic benefits and security implications of trading hydropower through transboundary power grids in Asia

Countries with large potential for hydropower generation can seize large benefits by connecting their hydropower stations to transboundary power grids and trading electricity with other nations. Such benefits include income from selling hydropower; construction of hydropower stations not otherwise financially viable; certified emission reduction (CER) credits from a clean development mechanism as defined in the Kyoto Protocol; and allocation of more resources for environment conservation and resettler livelihood rehabilitation. Buyer countries can also reap gains from such a partnership, namely the importing of cheap electricity, diversification of energy sources to improve disaster preparedness, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and CER credits in the developing world. Possible shortcomings in terms of regional and domestic uncertainty should be addressed in designing and implementing transboundary power grids so that these impacts are prevented or mitigated.

First Drainage Vent Test of Diversion Tunnel of DJIPLOHO Hydropower Station

DJIPLOHO conducts the first drainage vent test of diversion tunnel after completing in the construction of hydropower station with a water commissioning. Through the data analysis and research for the testing process, it is necessary and has flexibility to adjust accurately the drainage. Test results verify the rational design and safety of the tunnel and prove the correctness of first drainage tests procedures. It also accumulates valuable experience for the same type of drainage project for the first time.

Genetic Mechanism and Failure Process of the Mogangling Seismic Landslide

Abstract: This paper presents a case study on the Mogangling landslide and its characteristics and geological mechanism. The Mogangling landslide is a giant rock landslide located at the intersection of Dadu river and Moxi river. It is a landslide triggered by an earthquake with large magnitude that occurred in 18th century. Based on detailed site investigation, it shows the Mogangling landslide developed in the Kangding complex strata, composed of completely decomposed aggregates of massive-block stone, debris and soil with some gravels, pebbles and sand layer found distributed in front of the landslide. The control factor of the deformation of this landslide is the combined effect of Detuo fault which is located under the slope, and the regional stress formed along structural planes as well as the free surfaces formed by river cutting. Therefore, when the Kangding-Moxi earthquake (Ms =7.7) occurred on 1st June, 1786, due to seismic shaking, topographic amplification effects and back slope effects, the Mogangling landslide occurred. The Dadu River is the most important river for hydropower development in China; large-scale seismic landslides along the Dadu River are the most important geological issue during the construction of hydropower stations. Therefore, this research is important from the point of view of economic and social benefits.

Influence of Slope Gradient on Distribution Rule of Geostress Field in River Valleys

During the construction of hydropower station, the change of slope gradient in river valleys often takes place. In order to study influence of slope gradient change on distribution rule of geostress field, the three dimensional unloading models under different slope gradients were established by finite difference software (FLAC3D). After numerical simulation, the results were as follows: (1) The phenomenon of stress concentration at the bottom of river valleys was obvious, which appeared the typical stress fold. Both the depth of stress concentration zone and the principal stress values significantly increased with the increment of slope gradient. (2) Maximum principal stress values increased less in shallow part of upper bank slope (low stress zone) but increased more in the nearby slope foot with the increment of slope gradient, causing great difference in geostress field of bank slope. (3) There was some difference in released energy of bank slope due to slope gradient change in river valleys. In order to distinguish the difference, stress relief zone was further divided into stress stably released zone and stress instability released zone. Finally, take Ada dam area of the western route project of South-to-North Water Transfer as an example, the results by numerical simulation were reliable through comparing the distribution rule of geostress field for the dam, which could provide important reference for stability of the design and construction of steep and narrow river valleys.

ELEMENTS OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF HYDRODYNAMIC SYSTEMS

The paper presents the automated system of control of certain elements of the hydrodynamic system related to the production of liquid milk. Similar systems may find application in various fields of engineering, such as: hydro power station construction; oil refineries construction; control systems in various chemical industries containing hydrogen atoms in the final product; in propellant flow rate systems, etc., whenever it is required to control hydrodynamic parameters by means of nuclear magnetic resonance on the relevant atoms of the products used.

受水电开发影响各方的损益分析

水电工程的建设会为社会提供价廉、清洁的电和水，促进社会各个方面的发展。工程建成后，开发商、水电用户、防洪受益区、航运商、水产养殖的养殖户、旅游开发商以及参与工程建设的勘测、设计、施工、监理等可能是工程的获利方。但是，水电工程会对工程区和移民安置区的自然、人文环境和居民的生产、生活、文化、精神和生理等产生不利影响。为此，进行了受水电工程影响各方的损失和受益分析，并提出了效益共享的想法。 The construction of hydropower station will provide cheap and clean electricity and water for the community, and promote the development of all aspects of society. After completion of the hydropower station, developers, users of electricity and water, flood control benefit areas, shippers, aquaculture farmers, tourism developers and participants in the project survey, design, construction and supervision may be the profit parties. However, hydropower project would adversely affect the natural and human environment, production, life, culture, spirit and physiology of residents in the project and resettlement areas. Therefore, the loss and benefit analysis of the parties of hydropower project was done and the benefit sharing ideas were put forward.

浮游植物群落对海南小水电建设的响应

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 浮游植物群落对海南小水电建设的响应 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201205300790 作者: 作者单位: 海南省环境科学研究院,海南省环境科学研究院,暨南大学水生生物研究中心,海南省环境科学研究院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 2009年海南省重点科技项目(KJXM20090002) Responses of phytoplankton community to the construction of small hydropower stations in Hainan Province Author: Affiliation: Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Institute of the Hydrobiology,Jinan University,Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为探讨浮游植物群落对海南省小水电建设的响应,分别在海南省主要河流的上游支流已建小水电的蓄水水域与河道、规划(未建)小水电河段采集浮游植物样品进行比较分析。共鉴定出浮游植物种类62个属178种,曲壳藻(Achnanthaceae)、异极藻(Gomphonema)、菱形藻(Nitzschia)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulat)、席藻(Phormidium)、颤藻(Oscillatoria)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、平裂藻(Merismopedia)、舟形藻(Navicula)为主要的优势藻类,浮游植物丰度在5.1-163.6×104 个/L之间,浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在2.73-4.53之间。研究结果表明,小水电建设对浮游植物的种类组成、优势种、丰度及多样性均有较大的影响。就浮游植物优势种而言,规划小水电河道以蓝藻及部分硅藻为主要优势种,已建小水电河道曲壳藻、异极藻、菱形藻等大型硅藻为主要优势种。在浮游植物组成及生物多样性上,未建小水电河道浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数略高,且种属分布更加均衡,而已建设水电站均趋向某一类藻占主导优势种。就浮游植物丰度而言,规划小水电河道浮游植物丰度均保持在20-30×104 个/L内,已建小水电河段浮游植物保持在5-160×104 个/L内且浮游植物丰度差异性较规划小水电大,小水电建设促进了浮游植物丰度的提升,但降低了浮游植物群落结构的稳定性、均衡性。虽然存在水电站阻隔,同一河流水系浮游植物种属来源仍可表现一定的趋同性,梯级水电特别是相邻水电间浮游植物群落组成存在较大的相似性。 Abstract:Small hydropower stations (SHS) not only play an important role in electricity generation and water resource regulation in mountain areas, but also at the same time, impose ecological and environmental impacts. To study the responses of phytoplankton community in rivers with construction of SHS, samples of phytoplankton from 7 rivers in Hainan Province where SHS had been or will be built were taken and analyzed. According the results, a total of 178 phytoplankton species belonging to 62 genera were identified, and the dominant species includes Achnanthaceae, Gomphonema, Nitzschia, Melosira granulat, Phormidium, Oscillatoria, Chlorella vulgaris, Merismopedia, and Navicula. Phytoplankton abundance in rivers was from 5.1×104cells/L to 63.6×104cells/L, the diversity index was from 2.73 to 4.53, and Desmids had been found in most SHS. SHS had a great influence on phytoplankton biomass, species composition and dominant species in the rivers. Comparing with thfe rivers with SHS, the rivers without SHS had higher Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the composition of phytoplankton species were more balanced, Cyanobacterias and some Diatoms always dominated the phytoplankton community in the rivers, such as in NDJ-JJ-9 (Cyanophyta 25.7%,Chlorophyta36.9%, Bacillariophyta 36.1%), ZBJ-MMD-11 (Cyanophyta 41.8%, Chlorophyta 33.2%,Bacillariophyta 23.1%), and WLH-SX-13(Cyanophyta 29.1%, Chlorophyta 25.2%, Bacillariophyta 38.8%). In the rivers with SHS, large diatom Achnanthacea,Gomphonema and Nitzschia becoming predominated were common, such as in CHJ-YJ-1 (Bacillariophyta 91.3%), CHJ-YJ-2 (Bacillariophyta 65.9%), and NDJ-GL-6 (Bacillariophyta 56.5%).To phytoplankton abundance, most rivers without SHS were 20-30×104cells/L, while the rivers with SHS were widely different 5-160×104cells/L. The rivers with SHS had higher average abundance and abundance difference index than the ones without SHS. The construction of SHS had changed the hydrodynamic of the rivers, and the changed hydrodynamic might had played an important role in the phytoplankton community. In mountain areas of Hainan province, most rivers were Shallow with less water flow. Stable water environment was suitable for Cyanobacterias and some Diatoms in the river without any SHS. Once SHS had been built, agitation of water body increased and lager Diatoms such as Achnanthaceae Gomphonema and Nitzschia might be dominated. The construction of SHS would also promoted the biomass of the river, but weaken the stability and proportionality of phytoplankton community by increasing fluctuation and agitation. Among cascade SHS, the barrier of the stations, the phytoplankton community could still be some similar especially between adjacent SHS. The correlation coefficient of phytoplankton community between adjacent SHS were all over 0.9 with highly significant correlation(P<0.01). 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Study on Collision early Alert System of Large-Scale Mechanical Equipment for Hydropower Station Construction

Collision between mechanical equipment during the process of hydropower station construction frequently happens, and always causes great damage. Consequently, a set of collision early alert system, which employs GPS positioning technology, wireless microwave communication technology and virtual instrument technology, was developed. Functions of this system include dynamic picture display of the field model, sound light anti-collision alert of the mechanical equipment, remote monitoring of the running equipment, and fault diagnosis of the GPS equipment. With this system, the collision possibility among the various equipment in the process of operation was reduced. The paper mainly introduces the system’s hardware design, software design, collision calculation and so on. Practicability, efficiency and reliability of this system have been proved through experiment and practice in LONGKAIKOU hydropower station.

Numerical Simulation on Hazardous Area Distribution after Gas Outburst in Coal Uncovering Construction of Hydropower Station

The dynamic risk of underground cavities after gas outburst in coal uncovering construction of hydropower station was emphatically analyzed. The tunnel construction conditions in Xiangjiaba hydropower station were taken as an example. Based on the computational fluid dynamics theory and gas outburst theory, this paper used the ANSYS CFX CFD code to model the gas diffusion after gas outburst. The space-time characteristics of underground cavities dynamic risk were analyzed. The results show that the danger area ranges of gas explosion and asphyxia reach respectively the maximum value at about 140s and 50s. The influence range and duration of the former are significantly higher than the latter. The direction of hazardous area movement is mainly consistent with the air flow direction. ANSYS CFX simulation can visually display dynamic risk of underground cavities, and has a good prospect in gas hazard prevention in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering.

Research on Landslide Accumulation Mass Stability at a Hydropower Station

Landslide stability is very important to the hydropower station construction. The volume of landslide accumulation mass in a hydropower station was more than 47, 500, 000 m3, it was a large landslide accumulation body rarely in the history of hydropower engineering. As a research object, the landslide accumulation mass in this hydropower station was divided into three parts by geologic ingredient, which included bedrock, slip soil and accumulation mass. According to mechanical parameters such as internal friction angle, cohesion, natural unit weight and saturated unit weight obtained by some research, limit equilibrium method was adopted to analyze the slope stability. Accumulation mass safety factors in different parts were calculated, the destruction style was illustrated and landslide accumulation mass stability was also analyzed. The results show under normal condition, rainstorm and earthquake condition, the safety factor cannot meet the specification requirement. The research provides meaningful reference to design and construction in similar hydropower station.

Water Yield of Xitiaoxi River Basin Based on InVEST Modeling

Abstract: Water yield calculation and mapping are of great importance to water resource planning and management and hydropower station construction. A water yield model based on InVEST was employed to estimate water runoff in the Xitiaoxi River basin. The data included land use and land cover, average annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, soil depth, and plant available water content. In order to test model accuracy the natural runoff of Xitiaoxi River was estimated based on linear regression relation of rainfall—runoff in a ‘reference period’. After repeated validation, when the Z value was 6.5 the water yield was 8.30 E+8 m3 and this was a smaller difference with natural runoff. From the distribution of water yield, south and southwestern areas of the watershed had higher water yield volumes per hectare.

Development and Implementation of a GIS-Based Safety Monitoring System for Hydropower Station Construction

Because of the importance of safety monitoring in the construction of hydropower stations, the development of monitoring systems has drawn more and more attention. Traditional processing techniques...

Study on the interaction between engineering construction and ecosystem changes in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

This paper takes the interaction between engineering construction and ecosystem changes as the main science issue. Based on the DPSIR (Drive-Press-State-Impact-Response) framework, this study analyzes the interlinkage of interaction between engineering construction and ecosystem changes from the aspect of drive, press, state, impact and response, brings forward the interaction model, interaction scenario analysis method and interaction index (drive-response index, IIDR, drive-impact index, IIDI, impact-response index, IIIR, impact index, IIII), and advances the corresponding calculation models and interaction index system. And also this paper adopts the different interaction indexes to respect the impact on and response to engineering construction, and takes the Manwan hydropower station and road traffic construction in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR) as example to analyze and validate the interaction model. By the systematic analysis of the outcome, the IIDR, IIDI, IIIR and IIII of construction and operation of Manwan hydropower station are respectively 3.67, 3.92, 14.35 and 0.35. There is no remarkable variance of interlinkage elements in interaction system, and exploitation of hydropower station benefits the sustainable development of regional environment and society based on the supposition of without considering the environment cost, diffusion effect, potential negative effect and potential responses of hydropower station construction. Through some case studies, the interaction model we built shows very good practical value in interaction quantitative analyzing and interaction index system constructing.

Human disturbances on landscapes in protected areas: a case study of the Wolong Nature Reserve

AbstractHuman‐induced ecological degradation in protected areas is of great concern in landscape ecological studies. Using Landsat TM data and GIS‐based spatial analysis, we assessed the impacts of human disturbances on landscape structure in the Wolong Nature Reserve in southwestern China. Buffer zone and landscape dissimilarity analysis were used to examine the scope of three types of human‐induced disturbances—construction of hydropower stations, human activities around settlement, and human activities along roads. We found that the impacts of these human disturbances extend to a threshold distance of about 1,000 m from the sources of disturbance. The intensity of the impact of human disturbances on landscape structure exhibited clear distance–decay effects. The first 200 m buffer zone is the area where human activities have inflicted the most visible changes, with a decrease of forest cover by 15–40% and an increase of shrub and barren land area by 15–50%. The relative intensity of the overall impact on landscape structure was highest around hydropower stations, second around human settlements, and lowest along roads. Overtime, however, the relative level of impact associated with construction of hydropower stations will likely decrease and that associated with human activities around settlements likely increase. Our case study of Wolong exposes hurdles that habitat preservation must cross in protected areas. Future management of Wolong Nature Reserve should focus on adoption of effective policies to further constrain human activities in the reserve.

Design of Small, Hard-Shell Overflow Dams on Compressible Foundations

Considering the peculiarities of small hydropower station construction, the province of Hebei, China, has creatively built a series of hard-shell overflow dams on compressible foundations designed to meet the different geographic and geological characteristics of the sites. Structurally, locally collected stones are used as dam filter; then concrete or reinforced concrete is used to form a hard-shell overflow face slab. In upstream seepage control design, natural sealing methods are used to replace the artificial upstream blanket designs, in consideration of the river flow condition of high sediment density and high suspended sediment concentration. Based on the riverbed foundation characteristics and the hydrological properties, synthetic energy dissipation methods are used instead of the usual still plunge pool methods to simplify the dam structure and to reduce the construction cost. This is a theoretical study commissioned by the Hebei Bureau of Water Resources on the design of hard-shell overflow dams that have been constructed on compressible foundations. The major technical problems of constructing hard-shell dams on compressible foundations are (a) dam body stability and face slab structure stress analysis; (b) the influence of the settlement of the foundation and dam body on the face slab and the superstructure; (c) downstream energy dissipation and erosion control measures; and (d) seepage damage control measures of the dam body and foundation.

Operational Experience of Age and Suggestions for the Coming Regional Interconnections in China

Based on summarizing interconnected network Automatic Generation Control (AGe) operational experience both in China and abroad, the AGe criteria for the coming regional interconnections nationwide, especially for the tie-lines between Central China, East China and Sichuan systems related to the construction of Three-Gorges hydropower station, are suggested for the purposes of improving operational performance. In addition, a practical method for determining spinning reserve capacity for AGe are also recommended.