As one of the ten major categories on the UNESCO's Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, traditional opera is a crystallization of human civilization. ‌ The Chinese Traditional Opera Video Super-Resolution (CTOVSR) was developed to protect these precious and irreplaceable aged Chinese opera videos. We analyzed the entire degradation process throughout video lifecycle in this paper. By utilizing high-resolution (HR) videos from professionally restored films and their corresponding low-resolution (LR) versions distributed online, we proposed a novel construction method for LR-HR video sequence pairs, named "Real-world+". This method ensures that the pairs accurately reflect the real-world degradation process and are strictly aligned both spatially and temporally. We further augmented CTOVSR with synthetically degraded data, resulting in 900 LR-HR video sequence pairs, each pair containing 100 consecutive frames, featuring various unique elements of Chinese traditional opera. While the primary focus of this work is the dataset itself, our proposed dataset construction methodology also offers a valuable practical approach for the preservation of other types of precious historical heritage.

ABSTRACT This paper presents a knowledge graph construction method for spindle assembly in winding machines, aiming to address issues of dispersed knowledge and underutilization during the assembly process. To overcome the complexities of domain-specific knowledge and the challenges of relational triple extraction, the authors propose a comprehensive framework that includes knowledge modeling, knowledge extraction, and visualization. First, an ontology library tailored to the spindle assembly domain is developed, defining relevant entity types and relationship types. Then, the authors propose an enhanced extraction model, DGAD, which utilizes dual-gated dynamic convolution and multi-head attention mechanisms to automate the extraction of entities and relationships, effectively integrating local context and global features. The extracted triples are visualized using the Neo4j database, helping users intuitively understand the relationships between entities in the assembly process. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves F1 score improvements of 5.83% and 7.03% in named entity recognition and relationship extraction tasks, outperforming baseline methods. The visualization of the knowledge graph provides a solid foundation for downstream applications, such as intelligent question-answering systems and fault diagnosis.

Against the backdrop of high-proportion renewable energy grid integration, modeling accuracy for substations incorporating wind and solar power is critical. Traditional modeling methods rely on theoretical parameters and lack sufficient accuracy. This study uses the 154 kV/23 kV Yeonggwang Substation in Jeollanam-do, South Korea (connected to three wind farms and three solar power plants, with 35 Micro-Phasor Measurement Unit (μPMU) measurement points deployed) as a case study. It investigates three-phase detailed modeling using Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD) and μPMU data-driven calibration. Based on substation topology and equipment parameters, a simulation model encompassing main transformers, transmission lines, renewable energy units, and loads was established. A hierarchical calibration system of “data preprocessing—parameter identification—iterative correction” was constructed, employing an iterative optimization strategy of “main grid layer—renewable energy layer—load layer.” A multi-objective optimization function centered on voltage, current, and power was developed. Verification results show that after calibration, the mean relative error rates (MRE) for voltage, current, active power and reactive power are 2.46%, 2.57%, 2.52% and 3.96% respectively, with mean error reduction rates (MERRs) of 80%, 82.75%, 81.33%, and 74.94% compared to pre-calibration values. The uniqueness of the calibration method proposed in this study lies in its use of actual μPMU measurement data to drive PSCAD model parameter calibration, achieving precise matching with the actual characteristics of the substation. This provides a reference method for modeling and digital twin construction of similar substations, demonstrating significant engineering application value.

In the present work, the investigation of polycrystalline nanomaterials has been extended to a specific nanoalloy of copper and tantalum having a 9:1 atomic concentration. The study aims to analyze the influence of temperature and average grain size (AGS) on the mechanical behavior of the polycrystalline Cu-Ta nanoalloy. The results indicate that the critical grain size of polycrystalline 9Cu-Ta is smaller than that of pure Cu. The critical grain size of polycrystalline Cu (6.86nm) is reduced to 3.89nm with the addition of approximately 10% Ta atoms. This reduction is attributed to the combined effects of dislocation slip and subgrain strengthening mechanisms. Furthermore, the investigation highlights the variation of mechanical properties with increasing temperature and the influence of temperature on the critical grain size. The analysis also reveals the existence of distinct plastic deformation mechanisms corresponding to the critical grain size in the polycrystalline Cu-Ta nanoalloy. Molecular dynamic simulation has been carried out under a fixed strain rate of 1.0 × 1010s-1 for specifically analyzing the effect of temperature and average grain size (AGS) of the polycrystalline nanoalloy using embedded atom method potential (EAM). The polycrystalline structures with different grain sizes were generated using the Voronoi construction method. Simulations were carried out to evaluate the effect of temperature and grain size on the deformation behavior. The obtained data were analyzed to determine the critical grain size, variation in mechanical properties, and the associated deformation mechanisms of the polycrystalline 9Cu-Ta alloy.

Composite B-spline regularized delta functions for the immersed boundary method: Divergence-free interpolation and gradient-preserving force spreading.

Extreme weather can cause urban groundwater levels (GWLs) to rise sharply, making anti-uplift performance critical for underground structures. We present a drainage-pressure relief anti-uplift technique (DPRAT) that integrates the Dupuit circular island model, the Thiem equation, and GWL distribution assumptions into an intelligent control system. The system activates automatically when the measured water head exceeds a design threshold, draining groundwater to relieve hydrostatic pressure on buried structures. Tests and simulations in Chengdu's expansive soil areas confirm that anti-uplift failure results primarily from buoyant forces and soil expansion. To ensure adequate safety margins, the target drainage level is calibrated to maintain system inactivity approximately 80% of the time under normal conditions. Four years of field monitoring demonstrate that DPRAT effectively maintains GWLs below the design datum during extreme rainfall events. A 50-year life cycle assessment reveals that DPRAT reduces cradle-to-grave carbon emissions by up to 97.5% compared with conventional uplift anchors, representing a substantial shift from high-energy construction methods to low-carbon alternatives.

ABSTRACT With the continual progress of information technology and marine observation methods, the volume of obtained marine environmental data has grown exponentially. Efficient data storage and indexed querying remain urgent challenges to be solved. To address this problem, this study proposes an HBase-based distributed storage and indexing method for global marine environmental data. The core contribution is an engineering optimization that introduces a novel TimeHash-SID-TID composite Row Key design, which effectively mitigates write hotspots while preserving spatio-temporal locality, thereby enabling efficient storage and query for massive marine datasets. To verify and evaluate the storage and query performance of the proposed approach, comparative experiments were designed against different data storage schemes and index construction methods. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the storage and query efficiency of marine environmental data. The performance gains afforded by this method directly support data-intensive scientific tasks such as large-scale ocean circulation modeling and climate change analysis, while also enhancing the responsiveness of operational systems for marine hazard early warning.

Monitoring and warning of ppmv-level fault-free humidity upper limit (ppmv-FFHUL) are crucial for ensuring system reliability in critical fields such as high-tech manufacturing, and aerospace. However, existing ppmv-FFHUL warning technologies are scarce, and constrained by "gradual change" response modes, resulting in complicated equipment, high costs, and insufficient portability, which greatly limits their flexible application. To address this, we propose a "leap change" response mode and an "enzyme-like" construction method for precise ppmv-level humidity threshold modulation. It is achieved through synergistic supramolecular interactions between two size-matched auxiliary mediums to precisely construct an "enzyme like" microenvironment containing a matching number of multi-level, spatially fixed sensitizing functional groups around an elaborately designed humidity-sensitive component. The as-prepared material combines paper-like flexibility, facile fabrication and handling, and enables high-contrast readout of the target ppmv-FFHUL only by naked-eye. Moreover, it holds promise as an easily deployable ppmv-FFHUL warning labels and provide a visual pre-alert signal 20% ahead of the critical value. It offers a portable and low-cost solution for specialized scenarios that require early warning and rapid screening of ppmv-level humidity. Furthermore, the "enzyme-like" precise construction method and the "leap change" response mode provide an innovative perspective for the design of other high-performance trace-level monitoring materials.

Thailand faces persistent challenges in its labor market, notably low and declining labor productivity, labor shortages, and skill mismatches in the construction sector. Over the past decade, national development has focused more on capital investment and labor quantity than on productivity improvement. This study aims to address this gap by developing and validating a Structural Equation Model (SEM) to examine relationships among key labor productivity indicators in Thailand’s construction industry, particularly large-scale high-rise projects. Data were collected from 600 construction workers employed in residential projects across Bangkok and surrounding provinces, representing a population of 1,125,400 workers (2013–2019). The SEM incorporated nine latent constructs: Materials, Equipment/Tools, Labor, Safety, Construction Methods, Rework, Weather, Motivation, and Productivity that capture both resource-related and human-factor dimensions. The validated model demonstrated a good fit with empirical data, with all observed variable correlations significant at the 0.05 level. Motivation was identified as the most influential factor on labor productivity (total effect = 0.680), followed by Equipment/Tool performance (0.483), Labor Management (−0.049), and Resource Management/Working Conditions (−0.066). Collectively, these factors explained 92.7% of the variance in productivity. Indirect effects through Motivation accounted for 51.7% of its variation. Findings underscore the crucial role of worker motivation in improving productivity. Housing support had the most substantial positive influence on Motivation, explaining 75.7% of its variance. Construction managers should prioritize motivational strategies, particularly housing support, project-end bonuses, and social insurance, to enhance workforce satisfaction and productivity in Thailand’s construction sector.

We present a relativistic third-order algebraic diagrammatic construction [ADC(3)] approach for calculating double ionization potentials (DIPs). Inclusion of third-order terms significantly improves the performance of the algebraic diagrammatic construction method for DIPs. By employing the exact two-component atomic mean-field (X2CAMF) Hamiltonian in combination with a Cholesky decomposition representation of two-electron integrals and the frozen natural spinor framework for virtual space truncation, we achieve a significant reduction in both memory requirements and computational cost. The DIPs obtained using the X2CAMF Hamiltonian show excellent agreement with results from fully relativistic four-component calculations. We have validated the accuracy of our implementation through comparisons with available experimental and theoretical data for inert gas atoms and diatomic species. The effect of higher-order relativistic corrections is also explored. The efficiency of our implementation is demonstrated by computing the lowest DIP of the tungsten hexacarbonyl, W(CO)6, complex using a large basis set.

In this article coset diagrams of the action of PSL(2,Z) on a [Formula: see text] are obtained, through parametrization, which yields one of the eight finite generalized triangle groups which are homomorphic images or quotients of PSL(2,Z). Other than this we analyzed the coset diagrams for the parameter for three finite generalized triangle groups. One of the most dependable methods for achieving data security has been the block cipher. S-Boxes constructed using algebraic structure have gained popularity recently because of their advantageous cryptographic properties and high non-linearity have been found in these structures, which attract researchers. With the help of these parametrized actions, a novel algebraic method to create [Formula: see text] S-Boxe was established. The S-Box provides strong cryptographic qualities of nonlinearity 112, differential uniformity 6, linear approximation probability of 0.0576 and differential attack probability of 0.0039. To assess the practical applicability of our S-box, we integrate it into an image encryption scheme and present experimental results to showcase its efficacy in real-world scenarios. When used with an image encryption framework, the following results were obtained: NPCR = 0.9959, UACI = 0.3348, and approx. Entropy 7.98. Therefore, GTG based parametrisation has been shown to be an effective and secure alternative to traditional algebraic construction method for S-Boxes.

This paper presents a novel method for constructing chaotic systems based on state variables and small parameters, demonstrating its universal applicability and exploring its implementation in image encryption. First, a new chaotic system is constructed by combining state variables and small parameters, and the influence of system parameters on its dynamic behavior is analyzed in detail by combining the classic Lorenz chaotic system. To further enhance the system design, memristors are incorporated alongside state variables and small parameters, resulting in an innovative approach for constructing multi-wing attractor chaotic systems. The generation mechanisms and dynamic characteristics of these attractors are systematically investigated by varying initial conditions. Moreover, the proposed construction method is extended to fractional-order systems to verify its feasibility, with the system's dynamic behavior analyzed using the SALI algorithm. The universal applicability of this method is validated through both the T-system and Liu-system cases. Building upon the improved chaotic system, a multi-state chaotic image encryption algorithm is developed, forming a comprehensive encryption framework. The security and robustness of the proposed system are rigorously evaluated through histogram analysis, information entropy calculations, and plaintext sensitivity tests. The findings provide a solid theoretical foundation and practical guidance for applying multi-state chaotic systems in secure image encryption, demonstrating significant potential for enhancing encryption performance.

Digital light processing (DLP) three-dimensional (3D) printing has been considered one of the most sustainable additive manufacturing methods for high-speed and high-resolution construction. As 3D printing technology advances, a continuous printing process is achieved, which brings controllable parameters along with printing. Herein, we propose a refilling-driven particle redistribution mechanism during continuous printing, enabling the simultaneous control of microparticle distribution and 3D functionalization. The microparticle properties (dimension, wettability, and quantity ratio) and printing speed influenced the microparticle moving tendency and distribution law, which are versatile for different kinds of microparticles. Based on the single-microparticle distribution law, the motion of multidimensional microparticles along the resin refilling process can be controlled, through which microparticles can be controlled to locate inside different parts of the cured structure or inside the liquid resin. Selective microparticle separation from multidimensional mixed microparticles can be realized, with the special characteristics of small microparticle extraction from mixed microparticles. In addition, one-step printing of a two-dimensional (2D) or 3D wetting pattern can thus be realized by regulating the location of microparticles with different wettabilities and ratios. The 3D wetting patterns of the outer surfaces of structures and microfluidic inner surfaces can be one-step-printed, which satisfies the urgent demand for functionality beyond simple structural fabrication and expands the application scope of continuous 3D printing.

Space-filling designs with superior low-dimensional properties are highly required in computer experiments. Strong orthogonal arrays (SOAs) represent a class of such designs that outperform ordinary orthogonal arrays in their stratification properties within low dimensions. Nevertheless, current methods for constructing high-strength SOAs are rare, and they typically rely on regular designs, thereby limiting the number of runs in the final arrays to prime powers. This study presents new construction methods for three types of SOAs: SOAs of strength three, column-orthogonal SOAs (OSOAs) of strength three and three minus. The resulting designs have run sizes of twice an odd prime power without replications, filling the gaps in run sizes left by existing constructions. The projection properties of Addelman–Kempthorne orthogonal arrays are instrumental in the development of these construction methods.

Artificial ground freezing technology empowering the construction of urban subway tunnels has been recognized as one of the most environmentally, friendly and efficient construction methods. However, ground frost heave and thaw settlement are the primary issues to be addressed in engineering practice, and anticipating these issues in advance will bring tremendous assistance to the construction of subway tunnels. Therefore, a three-dimensional thermodynamic coupling method is derived considering the phase transition process and the anisotropic characteristics of freeze-thaw soil. By calling the compiled incremental matrix equation in ABAQUS, the whole process simulation of the freezing construction of a plane skew connecting channel of Fuzhou Metro Line 5 is realized. The numerical simulation results indicate that the evolution process of the freezing temperature field and thawing temperature field in numerical simulation is consistent with the theoretical design, and the natural thawing time is about 1.5 times of the positive freezing time. Besides, the evolution law of ground surface displacement in numerical simulation is consistent with the field measurement, and their displacement-time curves conform to the power function fitting relationship, and the correlation coefficients are all greater than 0.9. After freezing for 45 days, the ground surface frost heave displacement at the midpoint of the connecting channel in numerical simulation is 52.43mm, while the measured value on site is 49.58mm, with an error of only 2.85mm. After thawing for 68 days, the ground surface thaw settlement displacement at the midpoint of the connecting channel in numerical simulation is - 23.77mm, while the measured value on site is - 24.02mm, with an error of only 0.25mm. All these indicate the accuracy of the established numerical simulation prediction method.

This paper examines the challenges associated with maintaining stable oil pipeline performance in complex natural and climatic conditions. The aim is to analyze issues related to permafrost that influence the design, construction methods, and long-term operation of pipelines until they reach their limit state. The tasks: identifying the causes of pipeline deformation in areas of permafrost; reviewing protective measures that help maintain pipeline stability in cryogenic conditions; describing the physical processes behind seasonal cooling devices that keep thawed soils at stable subzero temperatures during the summer. The authors of this paper employ a systems-based engineering and geocryological approach that integrates the analysis of cryogenic soil structure, thermal regime, and filtration-migration processes during moisture phase transitions. This study reveals that the main problems in pipeline construction and operation within permafrost include permafrost degradation (thawing), frost heave, and slope processes that lead to uneven foundation settlement and create critical stresses in the pipeline wall. To ensure stable pipeline geometry, the authors recommend the following protective measures: polyurethane foam insulation to stabilize the thermal regime; seasonal cooling devices that operate during summer, movable supports made of cold-resistant steels with fluoropolymer-based bearing components to compensate for thermal displacements. Using operational data the authors can conclude that underground installation at a depth of 2.5 to 3 meters is a technically and economically sound solution for permafrost regions, ensuring safe operation for up to 30 years. At the same time, above-ground installation remains relevant in Arctic areas with highly ice-rich soils, where thaw depths can produce deformations exceeding 500 mm. This study achieves its aim by identifying key permafrost-related factors that influence pipeline design, construction methodology, and long-term operation.

Construction industry is an important factor in the economic growth and infrastructural development of the developing economies, but its high pace has negatively impacted the environment because of the poor adaption of sustainable construction standards. Although the growing focus on environmental sustainability is being witnessed across the globe, its introduction in construction projects in the developing-country setting is limited by economic factors. This paper analyses the economic factors that determine the implementation of environmental sustainability in building projects in Punjab, Pakistan, based on triple bottom line approach. The quantitative cross-sectional research design was used and 100 construction project engineers were used as primary data by a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis in SPSS were used to analyze the data. The empirical findings show that high initial cost of sustainable materials negatively impact the adoption of sustainability (β = -0.41, p < 0.01), which means that the sector is very sensitive to costs. Lack of financial incentives and government subsidies also exhibit a strong negative correlation with sustainability adoption (β = -0.29, p < 0.05), which supports the tendency of firms to use traditional methods of construction. Less confidence in the return on investment also has a negative impact on adoption decisions (β = -0.33, p = 0.01) especially on those projects with short financial goals. Stakeholder demand, by contrast, has a positive, though less significant impact on sustainability adoption (β = 0.18, p < 0.05), which indicates low levels of market awareness and client pressure to go green with construction. The regression model can account about 62 percent of the change in sustainability (R 2 = 0.62), which highlights the preeminent role of economic factors on any sustainability-related decision. Its results offer solid empirical evidence based on the situation in developing countries, and emphasize how specific financial contributions, subsidy systems, and policy measures are necessary to make rapid progress towards the use of environmentally friendly construction methods.

Abstract Construction 5.0 advocates human–machine collaboration. Therefore, understanding the human response is crucial for design and scaling up these processes. To date, however, there is no agreed set of methodologies, which would allow quantifying the human effort in the setting of digital construction, nor allow for comparison with traditional construction processes. To close this gap, the current paper presents an experimental consideration of the physiological, biomechanical, and subjective response of human actors, conjoint with productivity of collaborative digital fabrication during Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP), and compares it against the traditional cast reinforced concrete element execution. Several parameters were measured simultaneously during each of the two production processes to quantify the psychophysiological relief experienced by workers. In the SC3DP collaborative process, the following mean values were observed relative to the manual cast concrete process: carried weight – 44%, covered distance – 37%, uncomfortable spine position – 60%, perceived exertion, and demands on the Borg and Nasa Task Load Index (TLX) scales – 63%. Meanwhile, NASA-TLX perceived performance increased by 21%, accompanied by an almost threefold rise in the measured task-level productivity. Interestingly, objective physiological indicators, i.e., heart rate and blood lactate concentration, remained unchanged between the two processes. Another important finding is the high mental demand of the operator of the robotic system. Finally, this paper underlines the need for further development of methods for measuring and assessing construction workers’ psychophysical state, which should be regarded among the key productivity factors, supporting the introduction of digital construction methods in accordance with Industry 5.0 principles.

Introduction. China's construction industry developed in three phases: the first peak occurred in the 1950s, and the second one in the 1980s and 1990s. Generally, buildings constructed during the construction boom were characterized by relatively low design and construction standards resulting in poor quality. Currently, buildings constructed during the first and second phases are entering a phase of "aging" due to some factors such as low construction standards and outdated construction methods. Both the buildings themselves and their structures are flawed. Over time, most buildings exhibit varying degrees of deterioration and serious damage requiring urgent inspection, repair, and reinforcement. To meet the needs of social development, proper repair, reinforcement, and reconstruction of existing buildings is essential. The aim of this study is to identify the possibilities of reinforcing defective building structures with modern composite materials manufactured in China. Materials and Methods. The object of the research are methods of strengthening reinforced concrete pillars. The author suggests using a systematic approach that accounts for the adjacent functional areas, their mutual influence and an expert assessment of their significance. Research Results. The analysis showed that the strengthening mechanism for reinforced concrete columns subjected to axial compression and strengthened with carbon fiber sheets is a combination of carbon fiber sheets and concrete influenced by a host of factors. The strengthening method is strictly regulated, and the lateral restraint provided by the carbon fiber sheets under loading is capable of improving the compressive strength, structural stability, and durability of the columns. Discussion and Conclusion. The strengthening methods for existing buildings vary widely, each with its own unique advantages and limitations. For example, bonded steel is fast to construct but requires a high quality; section enlargement is cost-effective but reduces space; carbon fiber strengthening offers numerous advantages but has limitations in investigating nodes and calculating load-bearing capacity. Although extensive research has been conducted on strengthening reinforced concrete axial compressed columns, the effectiveness depends on a host of factors. The discussion demonstrates that the choice of a strengthening method should be tailored to actual conditions. Carbon fiber strengthening requires further research, while strengthening axial compressed columns requires technological optimization. Furthermore, existing standards and regulations should be revised to reflect new advances and best practices.

The search for more efficient construction systems that enhance productivity and deliver benefits to the construction sector has driven the adoption of new technologies. In this context, steel has gained prominence in the construction industry, fostering a transition from traditional heavy and slow construction methods to more agile and effective systems. Light Steel Framing, which employs cold-formed steel profiles, has proven to be an effective solution for the construction of low-, medium-, and high-rise buildings, offering advantages such as design flexibility, large spans, low self-weight, and rapid construction. This study presents a comparative analysis between conventional construction systems and Steel Framing, focusing on their feasibility for the construction of a building intended for the Faculty of Nursing at the Instituto Superior Técnico Militar (ISTM) of Angola. The technical advantages and disadvantages of each system are examined, considering criteria such as structural strength, cost, weight per unit area, and construction time. The results indicate that the Steel Framing system is a viable alternative for the construction of the nursing faculty at ISTM, demonstrating economic and safety advantages, particularly with regard to seismic performance. This research provides valuable information for construction professionals when selecting the most appropriate system for their projects.