Women experience realistic and symbolic gender intergroup threats across diverse social contexts, which can profoundly influence their decision-making processes. Drawing on intergroup threat theory, this research investigated how perceived gender intergroup threats affect women’s intertemporal choice behavior and examined cognitive appraisal as a potential mediating mechanism. Study 1 (N = 281) found a negative correlation between gender intergroup threat perception and delay discounting through questionnaires. Study 2 (N = 154) experimentally manipulated threat perception and demonstrated that both realistic and symbolic gender threats enhanced consideration of future consequences, with cognitive appraisal serving as a complete mediator of these effects. Study 3 (N = 120) employed a recall paradigm, providing convergent evidence that heightened realistic threat perception and associated threat appraisal increased preferences for delayed, long-term outcomes. These findings suggest that perceived gender intergroup threats promote future-oriented decision-making among women, potentially as an adaptive strategy to manage threat-related risks, and the mediating role of cognitive appraisal further elucidates the psychological mechanisms underlying this behavioral shift. This research advances the theoretical understanding of how intergroup threat dynamics shape women’s economic behavior and extends knowledge of gender threat interactions in decision-making contexts.

Drawing upon social learning theory, we examine the impact of empowering leadership at different levels across a hierarchy on employee voice behavior. Moreover, we identify boundary conditions, such as consideration of future consequences (CFC) and employee perceived coworker support (PCS), which alter the cascading process of empowering leadership. Using a matched sample of 310 employees and their leaders in South Korea, our findings showed the positive effects of higher- and lower-level leaders’ empowering leadership on employee voice behavior. Also, our result exhibited that higher-level leaders’ empowering leadership positively affects lower-level leaders’ empowering leadership. More importantly, the positive effect of higher-level leader empowering leadership on lower-level leader empowering leadership is weaker when there is a high level of lower-level leaders’ CFC. Similarly, the positive effect of lower-level leader empowering leadership on employee voice behavior is weaker when there is a high level of employees’ PCS. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed accordingly.

A dual-process model to explain the influence of decision-making failure on workers’ unsafe behavior: Conscientiousness and consideration of future consequences as moderators

Young adults are more likely to be exposed to the long-term negative consequences of the climate changes. Although they are expected to play more active role in reducing carbon emissions, they remain relatively underrepresented in the low-carbon research. Therefore, this study explored factors influencing their low carbon intentions and behaviors based on integration of the theory of planned behavior (TBP) and norm activation model (NAM). The novelty of this study lies in the extension of the personal norms, subjective knowledge and consideration of the consequences to the theory of planned behavior to capture both rational and prosocial antecedents that foster LC behavior. The results showed that subjective knowledge had the strongest influence on behavior, followed by intentions, which mediated the influence of personal behavioral control, social norms, and attitudes. The inclusion of personal norms and consideration of future consequences contributed significantly to the formation of favorable attitudes. However, the results revealed a considerable discrepancy between young adults’ intentions, knowledge, and willingness to engage in low-carbon behaviors and their actual behaviors. The findings offer important implications on understanding of the general formation mechanism of young adults’ low-carbon behaviors and designing more effective policies to promote it.

The ongoing challenge of misinformation on social media motivates ongoing efforts to find effective countermeasures. In this study, we evaluated the potential of personalised nudging to reduce the sharing of misinformation on social media, as personalised support has been successfully applied in other areas of critical information handling. In an online experiment (N = 396) exposing users to social media posts, we assessed the degree of misinformation sharing between groups receiving (1) no nudges, (2) non-personalised nudges, and (3) personalised nudges. Personalisation was based on three psychometric dimensions - general decision-making style, consideration of future consequences, need for cognition - to assign the most appropriate nudge from a pool of five nudges. The results showed significant differences (p < .05) between all three groups, with the personalised nudge group sharing the least misinformation. Detailed analyses at the nudge level revealed that one nudge was universally effective and two nudges were effective only in their personalised form. The results generally confirm the potential of personalisation, although the effect is limited in scope. These findings shed light on the nuanced results of nudging studies, highlight the benefits of personalisation, and raise ethical considerations regarding the privacy implications of personalisation and those inherent in nudges.

ObjectiveAlthough technology-related cognitive determinants have been documented as predictors of behavioural intentions to use fitness applications (apps), research has given less attention to health-related cognitive factors. Examining these factors offers a fuller understanding of drivers of fitness app use. The temporal nature of weight management highlights the need for a time-oriented mindset to reinforce these relationships. This study integrates Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC), grounded in Construal Level Theory (CLT), as a higher-order framework linking health cognitions—perceived susceptibility (PSU), perceived severity (PSE), implicit theories of weight management (ITWM), and health consciousness (HC)—to intention to use fitness apps.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 302 Chinese fitness app users (43.7% male, 56.3% female) through a snowball sampling method. Hayes’ PROCESS macro was employed to test the mediation hypotheses.ResultsPSU (r = .230), PSE (r = .212), and HC (r = .523) were directly related to intention, whereas ITWM showed no significant relationship (r = .100). CFC partially mediated the relationships of PSU (0.183, 95% CI [0.107, 0.267]), PSE (0.249, 95% CI [0.164, 0.343]), and HC (0.253, 95% CI [0.154, 0.348]) with intention. However, CFC did not mediate the relationship between ITWM and intention (0.059, 95% CI [-0.003, 0.114]).ConclusionIntegrating PSU, PSE, ITWM, and HC with CFC, this study advances a framework explaining how cognitive factors and future-oriented thinking shape the psychological mechanisms underlying intention to use fitness apps. Practically, developers can tailor features to health beliefs and CFC, while health communicators may emphasise long-term benefits to promote fitness technology.

IntroductionThe self-awareness of college students will have an impact on their future development, especially their mental health and employment. This study explored the relationship between self-identity and future orientation with self-continuity as a chain-mediating variable, as well as the moderating role of parenting style in the direct and indirect effects of self-identity on future orientation among college students.MethodsData were collected from 563 college students from universities aged 18–23 years (M = 20.75, SD = 1.42). A self-identity scale, self-continuity questionnaire, and scale of consideration of future consequences were used to evaluate self-identity, past self-continuity, future self-continuity, and future orientation, respectively. Hayes’ PROCESS macro for SPSS was utilized to test relationships among the variables.ResultsPast self-continuity and future self-continuity had an independent-mediating and chain-mediating effect on the relationship between self-identity and future orientation, respectively. Parenting style had a moderating effect in the chain-mediation model. Specifically, among those reporting democratic parenting, self-identity is a stronger positive predictor of past self-continuity, and among those reporting non-democratic parenting, past self-continuity was a stronger negative predictor of future orientation.ConclusionSelf-continuity is a critical mediating mechanism through which self-identity is associated with future orientation among college students, and self-reported parenting style serves as a moderating variable in the indirect influence of self-identity on future orientation. These findings underscore the importance of considering both individual and environmental factors in shaping the future trajectories of college students.

The present study examines the moderated mediation model of resilience and meaning in life (MIL) within the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) framework. A sample of 971 Chinese college students (mean age = 19.95; 69.5% female) completed measures of consideration of future consequences (CFCs), resilience, MIL, and perceived stress. The results supported the hypothesized model: CFCs negatively predicted perceived stress, and this relationship was partially mediated by resilience. MIL moderated the association between CFCs and perceived stress, with the search for meaning subdimension amplifying the negative relationship. In contrast, the presence of meaning did not exhibit a significant moderating effect. High levels of CFCs were significantly linked to lower perceived stress when the level of search for meaning was high. These findings highlight the dynamic interplay of cognitive and motivational factors in stress management, underscoring the potential of fostering resilience and meaning-seeking behaviors to promote well-being among college students.

To longitudinally estimate the prevalence and predictors of potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and posttraumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) and in U.K. health and social care workers (HSCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, to investigate the mechanism by which PMIEs increase embitterment by lowering personal belief in procedural justice, that is, the belief that they experience fair processes. An online longitudinal survey was hosted on Qualtrics between September-October 2020 and September-November 2021. Using Prolific, 400 HSCWs aged 18 or above and working in the United Kingdom during the pandemic were recruited. PMIEs were assessed using the Moral Injury Events Scale, and PTED was assessed using the PTED self-rating scale. Potential predictors were measured using surveys of exposure to occupational stressors, optimism, pessimism, self-esteem, resilient coping style, consideration of future consequences, and personal just world beliefs. Seventy-one percent of participants experienced at least one COVID-related PMIE and 20% displayed clinically relevant signs of PTED at Time 2 in 2021. Exposure to occupational stressors increased the risk of experiencing PMIEs and PTED, whereas personal belief in a procedurally just world protected against transgressions by others and betrayal PMIEs. Self-esteem was protective, and a resilient coping style was a risk for experiencing betrayal. PMIEs increased embitterment by lowering personal belief in procedural justice over a 12-month period. PMIEs and PTED are being experienced by U.K. HSCWs in 2020 and 2021, particularly in those exposed to work-related stressors. Exposure to PMIEs increases the risk of embitterment by lowering belief in procedural justice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Abstract Attitude towards older adults (ATOA) is related to young adults’ future expectation, which could also influence their current behaviors. Impulsivity is a risk factor related to a number of health concerns in young adulthood. The current study investigated how ATOA was related to young adults’ impulsive behaviors and explored whether future orientation was a mediator. A total of 371 Chinese young adults were recruited and completed a survey on their demographic characteristic, ATOA, consideration of future consequences (CFC) and impulsiveness. The results showed that ATOA had a significant negative curvilinear relationship with impulsiveness (β = -.04, p =.01). Notably, participants with very positive or very negative ATOA both reported lower impulsiveness level compared with those who were in the middle. Furthermore, CFC mediated this curvilinear relationship (β = -.02, p =.02). There was a significant curvilinear relationship between ATOA and CFC (β =.08, p < 0.001), with both very positive and very negative ATOA related to higher levels of CFC. Higher CFC was further related to lower impulsiveness (β = -.20, p < 0.001). The results suggest that young adults holding very positive or very negative ATOA are both concerned about their future and are more capable of restraining from impulsive behaviors. The inverted U-shaped pattern between ATOA and young adults’ impulsiveness provides a new perspective to understand the role of ATOA in early adulthood. Future studies could further investigate the different motives driving the future orientation for young adults with either positive or negative ATOA.

This study aims to identify different latent groups among college students based on their consideration of future consequences. We used latent profile analysis to achieve this goal. The study included 590 college students (272 males and 318 females). The results showed that the researchers could identify two latent groups among college students based on their consideration of future outcomes. The first group was the present outcome interest group, and the second group was the future-oriented effort group. We also found that future time perspective, present fatalistic time perspective, agreeableness, and self-efficacy influenced the classification of the latent groups. Additionally, the study revealed significant differences in self-regulatory ability between the two groups. This study is significant as it sheds light on college students' different goals and behaviors based on their consideration of future outcomes. The study also provides valuable insights into the necessary intervention measures to change behavior.

The Atlantic Forest is home to about 70% of the Brazilian population and in need of special protection. In this context, understanding beliefs about the environment and the intensity of connectedness to nature makes it possible to infer whether people are favorably disposed toward ecological behaviors. This study investigated the ecological affinity profile of young people toward the Atlantic Forest. A convenience sample of Brazilian youth (n = 326) responded to a sociodemographic questionnaire, and to the Inclusion of Nature in Self, Connectedness to Nature, Consideration of Future Consequences, and Beliefs about the Forest scales. We found that young people who felt more connected to nature, expressed more ecocentric beliefs, and were more aware of the immediate consequences of their actions. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed no influence of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables on the constructs that constitute the psychosocial profile of ecological affinity.

Future self-continuity is the relationship between an individual’s perception of their present and future selves and is attracting intense interest from researchers in psychology and health. This study aimed to psychometrically evaluate the Future Self-Continuity Questionnaire (FSCQ), a tool designed to measure an individual’s future self-continuity, in New Zealand’s unique sociocultural context. In Phase 1 we tested the reliability (internal consistency) of the 10 item FSCQ and its three subscales and attempted to replicate the three-factor structure reported previously. In Phase 2 we examined the FSCQ’s correlations with established measures like the Future Self-Continuity Scale (FSCS), Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC-14) Scale, Multidimensional Temporal Self-Continuity Scale (MTSCS), and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Results from the first phase confirmed the FSCQ’s reliability and construct validity, with strong internal consistency (α ranged from .77 to .87) and a good factorial structure (GFI=.97, RMSEA=.04). In the second phase, the FSCQ demonstrated positive correlations with the FSCS, CFC-14, and MTSCS, and negative correlations with the BHS. These findings suggest that the FSCQ reliably measures FSC, has a robust replicable three-factor structure and is consistent with other relevant psychological constructs. This study demonstrates the applicability of the FSCQ outside the United States for the first time.

As the environmental degradation and hazards caused by Information Technology (IT) industry is reaching its peak, promoting pro-environmental behaviours in IT firms is crucial. Pro-environmental behaviours not only reduce the operational costs, but also enhance the productivity of the employees in their organisation. The primary objective of the study was to assess the role of Consideration of Future Consequences, Nature Relatedness and Organisational Commitment as determinants of Employee Green Behaviour. The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC) and Employee Green Behaviour. CFC-Future has a significant positive relationship with EGB and CFC-Immediate has a significant negative correlation with EGB. The relationship between EGB and Nature Relatedness is significant and positive. A significant and positive correlation exist between EGB and Organisational Commitment. Furthermore, regression results of the psychological variables revealed that the percentage of variance in EGB is 29% (i.e., explained collectively by CFC-Future, NR-6 and Continuance OC).

PurposeBased on the Sociometer Theory, this study aims to develop a comprehensive framework explaining how and when negative workplace gossip triggers distinct responses, including employee silence and compulsory citizenship behavior (CCB).Design/methodology/approachTwo scenario-based experiments and a field survey were conducted to examine hypotheses. Study 1 (N = 149) manipulated workplace negative gossip and assessed the mediating effects of state self-esteem. Study 2 (N = 217) manipulated workplace negative gossip and consideration of future consequences (CFC) to verify the stability of the mediating mechanism and test the moderating effect of CFC. Study 3 (N = 321) tested the whole research model.FindingsThe findings indicate that negative workplace gossip decreases state self-esteem, resulting in silence among employees with low levels of CFC, while inducing CCB through state self-esteem among employees with high levels of CFC.Originality/valueThis study not only extends the research of negative workplace gossip by exploring its multifaceted impact on employee responses but also highlights the role of personality traits in shaping individuals’ response strategies.

People worldwide have been grappling with unprecedented levels of stress and related mental health issues, increasing both in the workplace and on campuses before the pandemic, spiraling upward with reports by students and employees from all levels of socioeconomic backgrounds (APA 2023). Countries are lagging in addressing this rising trend (WHO 2022). Simultaneously, global virtual teams (GVTs) have grown in importance in the workplace and classroom. To examine how GVTs impact learners and learning environments, a longitudinal study pre pandemic (2018) lasting through the pandemic (2021) tested a model of resiliency based on the factors of discernment, resourcefulness, problem solving, consideration of future consequences (CFC), critical thinking, and culture. GVTs was used as an intervention comparing resiliency based on a sample of before the GVT experience (n=584) and after (n=399), with learners from seven universities across six cultures. Results show that GVTs can boost resilience but require discernment and resourcefulness. Students value critical thinking after GVTs and after controlling for the pandemic, GVTs did not affect resiliency, suggesting that redirecting learners to new factors can enhance resilience. Resilience helps employers, instructors, and individuals manage mental health issues while GVTs build resilience in students and employees for international business uncertainties.

Presented article takes a study done by researchers Davari & Strutton in the US in 2014 and replicated the same approach and methodology in evaluating how green marketing mix elements (product, price, promotion, place) influence brand associations, grand loyalty, perceived brand quality, and brand trust, in the context of retail chain stores in Czechia. The reason for this is the fact that the issue of reconciling pro-environmental beliefs of consumers with their real behavior is still topical. Businesses need to be careful with their green claims and focus on authentic green marketing in order to attract and retain the trust of environmentally conscious consumers in the long term. The research employs quantitative data analysis, drawing data from the survey, which was run online for five weeks and collected 4700 responses. The respondents are people who live in Czechia and have shopped in one of five stores at least during the last month. The reason for focusing on the Czechia is primarily the fact that green marketing is basically only on the rise here, while greenwashing still remains a significant problem. Six hypothesis were formulated, and linear regression analysis was used to test them. Key findings of the research revealed that green products and promotions positively influence brand associations and perceived brand quality, while green promotions significantly enhance brand loyalty and trust. Additionally, there was observed influence of consumers´ environmental concerns and consideration of future consequences significantly moderating the relationship between green marketing and brand equity. The findings provide insight for businesses to integrate green marketing strategies to increase brand trust, loyalty, and perceived quality while environmentally conscious consumers.

During a period of fast economic expansion and worldwide environmental issues, an increasing number of business owners are incorporating sustainable practices in order to make sure their companies contribute positively to society and safeguard the environment. This research investigates how the consideration of future consequences, attitude, and perceived behavioral control impact the intention to become an entrepreneur among students at Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. A total of 77 participants completed a questionnaire to provide data for the study. The results of the research suggest that the consideration of future consequences does not influence entrepreneurial intention. However, Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intention is positively impacted by Attitude and Perceived Behavioral Control. This study provides implications for students to get support in increasing their confidence in running a sustainable business, campuses as educational institutions to develop business incubation programs that focus on sustainable entrepreneurship, and the government can design policies that support positive attitudes towards sustainable entrepreneurship among young people, such as incentives and training.

A future beyond ourselves: Self-oriented prospection predicts increased intergenerational responsibility

PurposeThis paper aims to understand how dual sustainable-labeling strategies influence perceived value dimensions (i.e. quality, emotional, social and price) across vice vs virtue products and level of consumers’ consideration of future consequences.Design/methodology/approachTwo online experiments are conducted with private label brands: one with organic and Fairtrade labels and one with organic and local labels. For each experiment, a conditional process analysis was used with the labeling strategy (i.e. no label vs organic label vs Fairtrade/local label vs organic label + Fairtrade/local label) as the independent variable, the product types (i.e. vice vs virtue) and level of consideration of future consequences as moderators, the dimensions of perceived value (quality, emotional, social and price) as the dependent variables.FindingsDual sustainable-labeling strategies lead to higher positive perceived value levels on all dimensions compared to no-labeling strategy. They however do not necessarily lead to higher levels compared to mono-labeling strategies such as organic labeling strategy (except for social dimension). Additionally, the positive effect of dual sustainable-labeling is lower for virtue products compared to vice products and is stronger for consumers with high level of consideration of future consequences for vice products for the social-value dimension.Originality/valuePrior research has focused on the effect of multi-labeling strategies on willingness to pay with mixed results. This study brings insights to literature by testing the impact of dual sustainable-labeling strategies on the dimensions of perceived value as well as the moderating effects of the product types and consideration of future consequences.