Ecological studies on the animal communities in eelgrass beds in Japan are briefly reviewed Fish fauna and macro-invertebrate fauna in eelgrass beds have been studied in various localities of Japan. A comparison of fish fauna and mobile epiphytic invertebrate fauna of the various localities indicated a very high similarity between them. Fishes and decapod crustaceans have been classified into several categories according to their residence period in the eelgrass beds. Most of the permanent residents are small in size and have no importance for fisheries, however, the seasonal residents include the juvenile and young subadult stages of some commercial fishes. Trophic relations in eelgrass communities have been examined and seasonal modifications of food-chain relationships described. A faunal change of both fishes and epiphytic invertebrates accompanying the decline of the eelgrass beds has been shown, and the significance of eelgrass beds for conservation of inshore fishery resources has been discussed.
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