Concept Of Conservation Research Articles

Holistic wild bee management in urban spaces

Projects promoting bees in urban areas are initiated in cities around the world but evidence-based conservation concepts at a city-wide scale are scarce. We developed a holistic approach for assessment of bee and flowering plant diversity in a medium-sized city. In addition to standard mapping approaches in bee hotspots, we initiated citizen science projects for participative urban bee research to be able to collect comprehensive bee data across the entire city. We identified 22 hotspots of bee diversity, analyzed connectivity between those hotspots and evaluated the impact of flower patches planted in collaboration with the municipal gardens department as stepping stones for oligolectic bee species throughout the city. Participation by urban citizens in bee identification trainings was high (c. 630 persons) but their subsequent contribution through observation reports was relatively low (1,165 records by 140 observers). However, we identified a total of 139 bee taxa, seven of them only discovered by citizen scientists. Total species richness was higher in extensively managed orchards than in semi-natural and wasteland areas. Half of the stepping stone flower patches were occupied by the target oligolectic bee species in the year of planting. After 3 years, all but two species could be confirmed. We suggest a 5-step concept for bee management in cities: (1) identification of bee hotspots combined with standardized surveys, especially of rare species; (2) training of citizen scientists at two different levels for comprehensive surveys in all parts of the city: (a) half-day introductions to wild bee diversity, ecology and conservation in order to create more awareness and (b) 2-weeks workshops for in-depth training of a small number of dedicated citizen scientists; (3) extensive management of existing habitats and special conservation programs for very rare species; (4) creation of high-value habitats which take into account the varied resource needs of bees within flight ranges of only a few hundred meters; (5) creation of stepping stone habitats as floral and nesting resources, integrating educative and participative aspects.

Study on quantitative estimation method of energy saving and emission reduction of renewable energy system based on fuzzy matter-element method

The quantitative estimation method of energy saving and emission reduction of renewable energy system based on fuzzy matter-element method is studied, which provides reliable basis for the popularization and use of renewable energy system in practical work. Through quantitative estimation, a scientific evaluation index system and evaluation model can be established, transforming abstract and subjective concepts of energy conservation and emission reduction into concrete and objective numerical indicators. These indicators can reflect the energy-saving and emission reduction effects of renewable energy systems, making the evaluation results scientific, comparable, and traceable. The quantitative estimation index system of energy saving and emission reduction of renewable energy system and the index judgment standard are constructed, which are mainly composed of resource utilization, energy consumption and environmental pollution. On this basis, the fuzzy matter-element quantitative estimation model of energy saving and emission reduction of renewable energy system is established based on fuzzy matter-element and entropy weight theory, and the weight of energy saving and emission reduction index of renewable energy system is determined based on information entropy, and the energy saving and emission reduction effect of renewable energy system is comprehensively and quantitatively estimated with closeness as a reliable basis and reference. The experimental results show that this method can quantitatively evaluate the energy-saving and emission reduction effects of renewable energy systems, and it is feasible to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the energy-saving and emission reduction effects of renewable energy systems, with a maximum emission reduction of 99%. It can provide reliable reference for the energy-saving and emission reduction of renewable energy systems.

Impact dynamics of granular debris flows based on a small-scale physical model

The peak pressure of a granular debris flow at low Froude conditions can be calculated with knowledge of the stress anisotropy and the bulk density as well as the run-up height at impact. Based on a small-scale physical model, measurements of stress anisotropy and flow density values at impact are presented and applied to existing run-up prediction models, and further compared with back-calculated run-up coefficients from measured maximum impact pressures. For this purpose, we conducted 17 experiments with impact measurements and six experiments without impact measurements at Froude numbers, ranging from 0.84 to 2.41. Our results indicate that run-up heights are best reproduced by predictive models, either based on energy or mass and moment conservation, when anisotropic stress conditions, found in this study to range from 1.2 to 5.0, and bulk density variations due to impact, ranging in this study from 0.8 to 2.3, are considered. The influence of stress anisotropy and density variation on the run-up prediction differs, depending on the modelling approach. For the calculation of run-up heights based on the energy conservation concept, the influence of stress anisotropy becomes more significant with increasing Froude number, whereas for models based on mass and momentum conservation, bulk density variations have a greater influence on the estimation of the potential run-up.

Strain Relief – Teil 1: Grundlagen: Ein neues Verfahren zur Behandlung chronischer Schmerzen im Bewegungsapparat am Beispiel von therapieresistenten, funktionellen Beschwerden in der unteren Extremität

If a permanent load and stress exceeds the elastic limit of the bone, a slight plastic-elastic deformation of the osseous structures may occur. If the bone does not return to its original neutral shape a chronic tension in the trabecular matrix develops or remains. This in turn leads to permanent traction/pressure on the involved fascia, capsule, ligament and tendon structures, which have been shown to be non-extensible, with inevitable activation of the pain receptors interwoven within them. Chronic, sometimes therapy-resistant complaints in the bone area are the result.This article introduces (Bone) Strain Relief, a new conservative treatment concept that can be used to manually bend/rotate/push pathological, invisible bone “deformities” back into their original anatomical position in order to minimize the permanent tension/shear/pull on fascia and tendons and thus very successfully reduce or even eliminate chronic pain.

Challenges and countermeasures of the ‘Maritime Silk Road’ in the context of green development

In the context of green development and implementation of the strategies of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking, the concept of energy conservation, and the environmental protection advocated by the construction of the Maritime Silk Road is in line with global development planning and layout. Over the years, China’s national rejuvenation has presented struggles, and the construction of the Maritime Silk Road lasted for a long time. In this paper, we discuss the dilemmas and difficulties associated with the construction of the Maritime Silk Road based on the background of green development and provide corresponding solution strategies by combining the development conditions at home and abroad. These strategies can further deepen China’s reform and opening up strategy and strengthen its relationship with the world. They can also strengthen the connection between China and the world, stand at the head of the times, and lead worldwide development. This paper initially focuses on the theoretical basis of the development of maritime silk governance, that is, the concept of green development, analyzes the necessity and feasibility of the Maritime Silk Road strategy proposed, and proposes means of coping with the Maritime Silk Road’s difficulties by analyzing the challenges and deep-seated causes it encounters in the context of green development. To date, China’s reform and opening up presents an inconvenience, and the domestic and international situations show increasing complexity. Against the background of unprecedented changes in the past hundred years, the construction of the Maritime Silk Road can further realize the effective cooperation between countries and countries and between regions and regions. Moreover, by building a community of humans, we can jointly deal with development problems, which have a vital role in the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In the context of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking, green development has become the key direction of development for all countries worldwide. In addition, the concepts of environmental protection and energy saving are gradually being put into practice, which is extremely important to protect the natural environment and build a better home for mankind. In the context of green development, the construction of the Maritime Silk Road will further realize economic linkage between countries and jointly promote sustainable development. Scholars can assess the challenges that impede its construction at various levels and explore strategies for resolving these dilemmas based on changing domestic and foreign situations by analyzing the importance of the Maritime Silk Road strategy and the favorable conditions for its implementation, in order to truly promote the development of the Maritime Silk Road and provide assistance in creating a favorable environment for international relations and trade.

Cobalt Polyoxometalates Anchored on Nife‐LDH Nanoplates as Highly Active and Stable Bifunctional Catalysts for Overall Water Splitting

AbstractDesigning efficient and bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting conforms to the concept of energy conservation and emission reduction but remains challenging now. Herein, the fabrication of a heterostructure by anchoring cobalt‐polyoxometalates (Co‐POM) on NiFe layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH) nanoplates in situ on nickel foam (NF) is first reported (Co‐POM@LDH/NF). The surface area, electron transfer ability, and stability of the heterostructure are increased due to the synergistic effect between Co‐POM and NiFe‐LDH. Particularly, Co‐POM@LDH/NF can deliver a current density of 100 mA cm−2 with an overpotential of only 220 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 226 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1.0 m KOH electrolytes. Impressively, the outstanding stability of Co‐POMs in heterostructures is verified by the experimental observations after electrolysis, indicating the successful construction of stable POMs‐based heterogeneous electrocatalysts. More attractively, the electrolyzer composed by Co‐POM@LDH/NF as anode and cathode shows a much lower operating voltage of 1.51 V at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting. This study provides a feasible and extensible idea for the design of the POM‐based heterostructures.

Egyptian Vulture Online Conference 2022: An overview of the outcomes and perspectives for further work

This proceedings contains 65 extended abstracts of presentations from speakers representing 26 countries made at the Global Egyptian Vulture Online Conference, held from 8-9 November 2022. The proceedings is divided into eleven sections: Status in Europe; Status in Africa; Status in Asia; Status in the Middle East; Threats and Mitigation; Threats – Focus on Poisoning; Engagement with Communities and Communication Campaigns; Monitoring and Research; Innovative Techniques in Egyptian Vulture Conservation; and Round Tables. The individual abstracts cover a broad range of topics about Egyptian Vulture biology, ecology and management, including theory and survey techniques, population monitoring and modelling, case studies, different conservation concepts, and approaches in working with stakeholders. This proceedings provide scientists, conservationists and decision makers with state-of-the-art information on vulture research, conservation and awareness.

A refined first-order shear deformation theory for large dynamic and static deflection investigations of abruptly/harmonically pressurized/blasted incompressible circular hyperelastic plates

In this paper, nonlinear large-deformation dynamic and static responses of the suddenly and harmonically pressurized or blasted compliant incompressible hyperelastic circular plates are investigated through the development of a novel enhanced circular plate theory that in contrast to the available plate theories, utilizes transverse normal strains whose order is much higher than those of the in-plane strains. For this reason, no shear correction factor is needed for the new plate theory. The deformation gradient and Green's strain tensors are first determined based on the first-order shear deformation plate theory as predictors and then, corrected by simultaneously including the transverse compliance and volume conservation concepts in the neo-Hookean framework of hyperelasticity. The equations of motion are obtained using Hamilton's principle. The resulting highly nonlinear equations that include both large deformation and constitutive nonlinearities are solved by a hybrid iterative/updating technique that utilizes a combination of the differential quadrature (DQ) spatial-discretization and Newmark's time-marching methods, after an exhaustive order analysis for the identification of the extremely small terms. The effects of the changes in geometric parameters, material properties, and loading rate and type are investigated on the dynamic lateral deflection of the plate and the approximate fundamental natural frequency. Results reveal that the contribution of the higher vibration modes in the responses is much more remarkable in the high-rate and high-frequency loadings. Furthermore, the deformed shape of the plate that indicates the superimposed effects of the higher vibration modes is plotted for successive time instants.

An exploration of participants’ views and experiences of cultural museums and their challenges

Cultural museums have always been considered guardians of culture, promoting the core concepts of cultural preservation and conservation. This paper delves into the challenges faced by two cultural museums from various perspectives and examines the transformation of museums in supporting Papuan culture through values centered on conservation and preservation, as gleaned from the experiences and views of the participants. This study is qualitative research that employs an interpretive strategy, with participants including museum personnel, cultural agencies in Papua Province, academics, and teachers from Cenderawasih University. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and literature studies. The study identified three themes: (1) Collection and space management, (2) Museum image, and (3) Capacity building and moral responsibility of human resources. To enhance cultural services, the study suggests that museums in Papua need to focus on strengthening collection management, enhancing visitor convenience, and providing increased staff support in the cultural field.

Biodiversity connections—‘ties that bind’

AbstractConnectivity is a foundational concept in ecology and conservation and was the organising theme for the 2022 Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Fishes Council, a professional organisation dedicated to the study and conservation of freshwater fishes native to the southeast region of the United States (US). We introduce a Special Contribution of five papers selected from presentations at that meeting that illustrate perspectives on connections created by fish migration and dispersal, evolved life histories and habitat affinities and interspecific facilitation. Although focused on streams of the southeast US, each of these topics is broadly relevant to freshwater fish conservation, particularly with respect to causes and consequences of migratory fish depletion, population fragmentation and species declines. Many other connections relevant to the ecology and conservation of freshwater fishes remain relatively unexplored but could substantively advance conservation. We highlight the potential that species evolutionary histories, that is connections through time, reconstructed using species distributions and phylogenies may improve predictions of species responses to environmental change. Identifying species interdependencies, including undiscovered interactions that support survival or reproduction, could provide insights into how species losses may cascade as aquatic communities unravel. Finally, efforts to elucidate diverse connections between people and freshwater biodiversity, particularly where fisheries are historic and streams mostly go unnoticed, may prove essential to building public support for conservation measures. A research agenda anchored on ‘biodiversity connections’ has the potential to advance ecological understanding and public engagement, elements essential to conserving freshwater fishes.

Environmental NGOs and Protected Area Conservation in Australia: The Political Consequences of Aligning with Private Interests

This article examines the political consequences of environmental nongovernment organization (ENGO) involvement in protected area conservation in Australia. Rapid growth of a nongovernment protected area (NGPA) estate this century has involved a range of individuals, communities, First Nations, and ENGOs, and has been closely tied to government policy and private finance. Although NGPA conservation achievements have been profound, there has been limited examination of what expanded nongovernment involvement, responsibility, and leadership mean for the practice and governance of nature conservation. Thematic analysis of twenty-four key informant interviews and selective gray literature identifies how financing, accountability, and partisan politics are emerging as key domains in shaping an NGPA estate that reflects a closer alignment with capital and market forces. ENGOs are playing a key role in crafting new political conditions for protected area conservation, where their role in neoliberal governance is not just service delivery, but statecraft and agenda setting. ENGOs are increasingly casting protected area conservation as apolitical, and thereby a bipartisan activity, driven by a “pragmatic” agenda that seeks to secure private financing for land ownership and management obligations. Frameworks of accountability to donors shape ENGO practices and conceptions of conservation through exposure to novel market mechanisms. As a result, ENGO operation permits limited space for plural, ideological, and structural debate about protected area conservation, the public interest, and the root causes of ecological crises to which it responds. The embrace of conservation led by nongovernment actors marks a substantive shift from the formative politics of ENGOs in Australia.

A short neuropeptide F analog (sNPF), III-2 may particularly regulate juvenile hormone III to influence Spodoptera frugiperda metamorphosis and development

Allatostatin (AS) or Allatotropin (AT) is a class of insect short neuropeptide F (sNPF) that affects insect growth and development by inhibiting or promote the synthesis of juvenile hormone (JH) in different insects. III-2 is a novel sNPF analog derived from a group of nitroaromatic groups connected by different amino acids. In this study, we found that III-2 showed high insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda larvae with a LC50 of 18.7 mg L−1. As demonstrated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), III-2 particularly facilitated JH III and hindered 20E synthesis in S. frugiperda. The results of RNA-Seq and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that III-2 treatment promoted the expression of key genes such as SfCYP15C1 in JH synthesis pathway and inhibited the expression of SfCYP314A1 and other genes in the 20E synthetic pathway. Significant differences were also observed in the expression of the genes related to cuticle formation. We report for the first time that sNPF compounds specifically interfere with the synthesis and secretion of a certain JH in insects, thus affecting the ecdysis and growth of insects, and leading to death. This study may provide a new plant conservation concept for us to seek the targeted control of certain insects based on specific interference with different JH.

Study on mechanical and thermal properties of alkali-excited fly ash aerogel foam concrete

With increasing focus on low-carbon energy conservation and environmental protection, there is a need to consider all aspects of life in future developments. To meet the concept and requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection in the building industry, we have developed alkali-excited aerogel-foamed concrete that exhibits excellent thermal insulation performance and mechanical strength. The variables involved in its production include fly ash, foam, aerogels, and polypropylene fibres. In this study, the microstructure and mechanical and thermal properties of alkali-excited fly ash aerogel foam concrete was analysed. The results indicated that fly ash can replace a portion of the cement, resulting in a reduction in the thermal conductivity of the concrete. The addition of aerogels and foams to the concrete can significantly decrease its thermal conductivity. Specifically, when the aerogel content reaches 12 % and the foam content reaches 75 %, the thermal conductivity of the concrete decreases from 0.498 W/m·K to 0.183 W/m·K and 0.19 W/m·K, respectively. However, this decrease in thermal conductivity comes at a cost of approximately 50 % reduction in the flexural and compressive strengths of the concrete. The findings reveal that the aerogel has excellent thermal insulation performance similar to that of the foam, but it has little influence on the mechanical properties of the concrete. Additionally, an increase in the polypropylene fibre content significantly improves the mechanical properties of alkali-excited fly ash aerogel concrete, but the thermal properties of the concrete remain mostly unaffected.

Historical and legal basis for the formation of the habitat concept of biodiversity conservation

Biological diversity is one of the main elements which maintain the environmental stability and considered to be a basic factor of the optimal functioning of ecosystems. At the current stage of society’s development, as a result of intensive economic activity, environmental pollution, climate change and emergence of other negatively influential factors, biodiversity has appeared to be under the threat of a sharp reduction, which, certainly, requires urgent measures from the world community.
 Introduction of the habitat concept as an important direction for the conservation of biodiversity, emphasizing the role and interaction of people with natural ecosystems, consequently contributing to sustainable development and ensuring environmental sustainability, is one of such measures. This concept is based on the awareness of the importance of conservation of natural environments and balanced existence of all living organisms on the planet.
 The article provides a historical and legal analysis of the formation of the habitat concept of biodiversity conservation, which outlines the evolution of the legal approach to the conservation and management of natural resources. Resulting from the interaction of scientific, political and social factors, this process has caused significant changes in the regulation of relations between society and nature.
 The article also provides definitions of such concepts as «habitat» and «habitat concept», and analyzes concepts related to «habitat», such as «landscape», «ecosystem» and «biotope». The author’s definition of the concept «habitat» is proposed, promoting to scrutinize the areas of the earth or water surface that are determined by biological, climatic and geographical features and create conditions for the existence of plant and animal species, both individually and in general.
 Summarizing the research, the author emphasizes that the habitat concept is a key tool for the balanced development, which combines the needs of people with the conservation of biological diversity and natural resources.

On the ball on a string demonstration of angular momentum conservation

The ‘ball on a string’ demonstration is a common tool used in physics education to illustrate the concept of conservation of angular momentum. However, various confounding factors can cause significant deviations from the idealized case, particularly under extreme conditions or when using low-stiffness pivots or high coefficients of friction. These factors include air resistance, contact friction at the pivot point, the mass of the ball and string, the angle of the string due to gravity, and the wobbling of the pivot point due to the centrifugal forces acting on it. In this work, we critically review by means of accurate simulations the adequateness of the ‘ball on a string’ demonstration in view of these confounding factors and provide recommendations for instructors on how to maximize the educational value of the demonstration while minimizing potential confusion for students. Our analysis suggests that a stiff pivot and avoiding extreme conditions are key to obtaining results that are in good agreement with the idealized case. We also caution instructors against using the demonstration without at least mentioning the confounding factors, as this may lead to a questionable understanding of the underlying physics principles.

Is the ‘bat population’ an operational concept for statutory species conservation?

Is the ‘bat population’ an operational concept for statutory species conservation?

Digital Estuaries: Exploring the Pedagogical Benefits of Virtual Reality Media in Geography and Spatial Analysis

Learning eco-spatial concepts and estuary conservation concepts in Geography is often constrained by irrelevant learning media and limited field trips. As marine conservation is critical to addressing damage to coastal and marine ecosystems, there is an urgent need for innovative learning media that can bridge this gap. To address this, our research focuses on the development and evaluation of Virtual Reality Estuary learning media. This interactive tool provides a realistic virtual representation of the real world through a 360° panorama. It is designed to offer students an immersive experience, enhancing their understanding of the topics of eco-spatial concept and estuary conservation. We used a Research and Development (RD) approach using the Successive Approximations Model research method. This research uses primary and secondary data. Primary data is based on field data and product validation tests. Secondary data was obtained from literacy data from accredited journals. Data needs analysis using a questionnaire submitted to students. The analysis shows that the use of virtual reality media is needed in estuary learning. This research resulted in the development of Virtual Reality Estuary media. Virtual Reality Estuary media development products have gone through the media product validation test stage and material validation test with declared valid and feasible to use. So that students can do digital exploration through Virtual Reality Estuary in geography learning.

«Мягкая сила» русского политического национализма: консервативная концепция российской наднациональной имперской государственности второй половины XIX — начала XX века

Вызов национализма, с которым Российская империя столкнулась в XIX веке, в значительной степени актуализировал обсуждение вопроса о проблемах и перспективах российской имперской государственности в отечественном консервативном дискурсе. Его участники настаивали на необходимости устранения значительных элементов архаики, характерных для Российской империи, и преодоления свойственной ей гетерогенности посредством дальнейшей унификации имперского пространства и формирования единой русской политической нации. Во второй половине XIX века в российской консервативной идеологии сформировалась концепция наднациональной имперской государственности, анализ содержания которой является целью представленной статьи. Политический национализм, отстаиваемый значительной частью отечественных консерваторов, предполагал приоритет государственного единства над национальными интересами, что обусловливало неприятие силовых методов подавления этнической и культурной самобытности народов, проживавших в Российской империи, и стремление к «нравственному завоеванию» национальных окраин посредством комплекса неконфликтных интегративных методов, представлявших собой стратегию «мягкой силы». Вопреки общественному мнению, отечественные консерваторы являлись противниками лозунга «Россия для русских» в его националистическом прочтении, указывая на опасность возобладания этнонационального принципа в многонациональном государстве, реализация которого могла привести к установлению односторонней силовой доминанты в имперской политике и, как следствие, «упразднению» России как империи. Консервативная концепция российской наднациональной имперской государственности основывалась на признании необходимости сохранения полиэтнического характера имперского социума и отрицала этнический национализм, распространявшийся в Европе, который в условиях многонациональной Российской империи неизбежно вел к острым межнациональным конфликтам, угрожавшим распадом полиэтнической государственности. In the 19thcentury, the Russian Empire faced challenges of nationalism, and to a large extent this activated discussions of the problems and prospects of Russian imperial statehood in conservative social discourse. The participants in such discussions insisted on the need to eliminate obvious obsolete elements in the Russian Empire and overcome its inherent heterogeneity, through further unification of the imperial space and the formation of a single Russian political nation. In the second half of the 19th century, Russian conservative ideology developed the concept of supranational imperial statehood. The present article analyzes the content of this historical concept. Many Russian conservatives supported political nationalism and assumed the priority of state unity over national interests, which resulted in rejection of forceful methods of suppressing the ethnic and cultural identity of nationalities living in the Empire. The conservatives advocated “moral conquests” of national outskirts, through non-conflict integrative methods that represented a strategy of soft power. Contrary to popular beliefs, our conservatives were opponents of the slogan “Russia for Russians” in its nationalist interpretation, and saw the danger of the predominance of the ethno-national principle in a multinational state. They feared that its implementation could lead to the establishment of a unilateral power dominant in imperial politics and, as a result, the “disappearance” of Russia as an empire. The conservative concept of the Russian supranational imperial statehood was based on the recognition of the need to preserve the multi-ethnic nature of the imperial society and denied the ethnic nationalism that was spreading in Europe, which, in contrast with the situation in the multinational Russian Empire, inevitably led to sharp interethnic conflicts that threatened the collapse of the multi-ethnic statehood.

Conservation Value of Gunungan Wayang Kulit Purwa for Science Learning Materials

This study aims to explore the concepts of ecology and biodiversity, the value of environmental preservation in gunungan wayang kulit purwa, and its correlation to science learning or environmental education in a science subject at the junior high school level to increase environmental awareness. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. This research included ethnographic research associated with symbolic interpretation in anthropology. The informants of this study were a puppeteer (dalang), a javanology expert, a gunungan wayang kulit purwa creator, and a biodiversity expert chosen by purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, literature reviews, and content analysis. Data triangulation was applied to ensure the data validity. The data were analyzed using a spiral analysis model, including managing, reading, marking, describing, classifying, interpreting, and visualizing data continuously. The study results show that the gunungan wayang kulit purwa contains the conservation value and concept of ecology and biodiversity. This concept has a correlation with the material on ecology and biodiversity in the independent curriculum in a science subject at schools. The ecological concept includes biotic and abiotic components, symbiosis, pollinators and predators, food chains, food webs, competition, and the value of environmental preservation. The findings in the form of a link between ecological concepts and biodiversity in the gunungan wayang kulit purwa have implications for the potential use of gunungan wayang kulit purwa as a learning resource for science education in schools or environmental education to increase environmental awareness of the young generation.

Shaping Digital Twin Concept for Built Cultural Heritage Conservation: A Systematic Literature Review

ABSTRACT The Digital Twin (DT) technology has shown promise in transforming complex engineered systems. However, its adoption in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operation (AECO) field, particularly for Built Cultural Heritage (BCH) conservation, is still in its early stages. This study presents a systematic literature review of 85 academic publications to evaluate the current state of DT implementation in heritage building conservation and identifies areas for optimising preventive management. In addition, this review explores interpretations of the DT concept in this field, addressing overlaps with Historical/Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM), discusses DT functionalities and presents existing frameworks. The findings demonstrate the potential of DT to revolutionise BCH conservation through a holistic approach. However, further focus is needed on features and tools for enhancing performance-based management with targeted strategies and advanced data analysis. Future research should prioritise developing these aspects to fully leverage the potential of the DT paradigm in BCH conservation.