Fear Of Consequences Research Articles

Reasons for resistance to technology adoption in university libraries in Bangladesh

This article explores the reasons for resistance to technology adoption in university libraries in Bangladesh. Through interviews and focus group discussions with LIS professionals, four main themes emerged: personal, organizational, social, and financial factors. Personal barriers included lack of awareness, reluctance to learn, and fear of consequences. Organizational challenges encompassed cultural norms, change Management Strategies, and management support. Social influences included peer pressure and power dynamics, while financial factors involved budgetary constraints and ongoing operating costs, which pose significant challenges to technology adoption. Recommendations for overcoming resistance include providing training and support, fostering a culture of change, effective communication, incentivizing adoption, collaborative decision-making, pilot testing, continual evaluation, education and training, incentives and rewards, communication and collaboration, user-centered design, and change management. Implementing these strategies can facilitate technology adoption, enhancing library services in Bangladesh and beyond.

Lower extremity amputation rates in patients with chronic kidney disease: A database study comparing patients with and without diabetes mellitus

Lower extremity amputation (LEA) is one of the most feared consequences of diabetes mellitus (DM). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of DM on LEA rates in patients at various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD).A commercially available de-identified database was searched for patients undergoing LEA and for CKD patients, from 2010 to 2023. Patients with DM and patients without DM who were followed for at least 5 years were included. LEA rates were then compared for patients at all 5 CKD stages in patients with and without diabetes.Rates of all LEA were found to be significantly higher at all CKD stages for patients with diabetes (overall, minor and major LEA). Compared to patients without DM who have CKD stage 5 (end stage renal disease), patients with DM and CKD stage 5 have a 30 fold increased likelihood of undergoing overall LEA [OR 30.2 (24.48–37.19), p < 0.001], 29 fold increased likelihood of undergoing minor LEA [28.9i (22.91–36.35), p < 0.001] and 40 times fold increased likelihood of undergoing major LEA [40.1 (26.59–60.42), p < 0.001]. For all stages of CKD, independent of diabetes status, minor LEA were performed with greater frequency than major LEA. In patients with DM, LEA rates significantly increased with CKD progression between stages 2–5 with a substantial jump between stages 4 and 5 [OR 2.6 (CI 2.49–2.74), p < 0.001]. However, CKD progression between stages 1 and 2 was not significantly associated with increased LEA rates (OR 1.1 (CI 0.92–1.21), p = 0.24) in patients with diabetes.Patients with comorbid diabetes have elevated risk for LEA at all stages of CKD compared to those without diabetes.

Концепція прав національних меншин

At the very beginning it is important to define the main components that constitute the whole theory and idea as such of the minority rights. The concept of minority expresses how the legal regulation reflects the existence of minority, what is understood by the notion ‘minority’ and what criteria are used in order to identify certain social groups as minorities. Regarding the definition of the concept ‘minority’, until now there is no generally accepted definition, neither at the international level nor at the European one. It appears to be a certain agreement on some particular elements of the definition, though they are not fully accepted and interpreted in the same way. There are several important reasons concerning this phenomenon. The first one is that states are in fear of consequences after the recognition of minorities which may lead to secessionist movements. This can put at stake the territorial integrity of the State. Though, some rather successful efforts in this field were made by different representatives in order to make clarifications regarding the definition of ‘minorities. According to these facts the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), the UN Sub- Commission and some prominent authors attempted to define the concept ‘minority’. The Court stated that this concept has rather minoritarian character which makes it relevant in the meaning of ‘minority’. According to the court a ‘community’ is: a group of persons living in a given country or locality, having a race, religion, language and traditions of their own and united by this identity of race, religion, language and traditions in a sentiment of solidarity, with a view to preserving their traditions maintaining their form of worship, insuring the instruction and upbringing of their children in accordance with the spirit and traditions of their race and rendering mutual assistance to each other. Apart from the definition given by the Court, this guideline shows the requirement of numerical condition which means the group that is in minority in comparison with the prevailing part.

Genetic Algorithms for Feature Selection in the Classification of COVID-19 Patients.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause feared consequences, such as affecting microcirculatory activity. The combined use of HRV analysis, genetic algorithms, and machine learning classifiers can be helpful in better understanding the characteristics of microcirculation that are mainly affected by COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to verify the presence of microcirculation alterations in patients with COVID-19 infection, performing Heart Rate Variability (HRV) parameters analysis extracted from PhotoPlethysmoGraphy (PPG) signals. The dataset included 97 subjects divided into two groups: healthy (50 subjects) and patients affected by mild-severity COVID-19 (47 subjects). A total of 26 parameters were extracted by the HRV analysis and were investigated using genetic algorithms with three different subject selection methods and five different machine learning classifiers. Three parameters: meanRR, alpha1, and sd2/sd1 were considered significant, combining the results obtained by the genetic algorithm. Finally, machine learning classifications were performed by training classifiers with only those three features. The best result was achieved by the binary Decision Tree classifier, achieving accuracy of 82%, specificity (or precision) of 86%, and sensitivity of 79%. The study's results highlight the ability to use HRV parameters extraction from PPG signals, combined with genetic algorithms and machine learning classifiers, to determine which features are most helpful in discriminating between healthy and mild-severity COVID-19-affected subjects.

Leveraging Geo-Profiling to Address Rape as a Public Health and Criminal Epidemic in the United States

Abstract Rape, as a pervasive societal issue, transcends the boundaries of public safety, criminal justice, legal jurisprudence, and public health, casting a long shadow of fear, trauma, and profound consequences across communities. This article delves into the multifaceted nature of rape, recognizing it not solely as a criminal phenomenon but as a complex public health crisis demanding comprehensive intervention. In response to the imperative of addressing rape and serial rapists as a criminal and public health epidemic, this study introduces an innovative approach that harnesses the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and geo-profiling. Through synthesizing criminological and epidemiological insights, this research elucidates the transformative role of geo-profiling in understanding, preventing and solving rape crimes. Geo-profiling data analytics capabilities are harnessed to dissect the intricate details, patterns and dynamics of rape incidents, offering a data-driven foundation for preventive strategies. Moreover, integrating geo-profiling techniques empowers law enforcement and public health agencies to map high-risk behaviors, areas and optimize resource allocation geographically. This holistic approach advances our understanding of rape as a public health crisis and informs targeted, evidence-based interventions to reduce its prevalence. In a contemporary landscape marked by the imperative of innovation and interdisciplinarity, this article contributes a nuanced perspective to the discourse surrounding rape. By unifying law enforcement, criminal justice, legal, and public health paradigms and harnessing geo-profiling as a powerful tool, we embark on a path to address rape comprehensively, recognizing its profound impact on individuals and society.

Más que palabras: Understanding the mental health and behavioral consequences of sociodemographic risk and deportation fears in Latinx families.

Exponential increases in deportation and negative public discourse have resulted in heightened fears of profiling and deportation among Latinx immigrant families in the United States. Deportation fears could compound the inequalities Latinx families face, worsening mental and behavioral health. To better understand the mental health consequences of the climate of deportation concerns among low-income Latinx mothers in the United States, we conducted a linguistic analysis of interviews of Latinx mothers' parenting experiences, examining their use of words related to deportation fears (e.g., separado). We examined the interaction of sociodemographic risk with maternal deportation fears in predicting maternal and youth mental health. Recent immigrant Latinx mothers (N = 160) and youth (Mage = 12.88, SDage = 1.73) completed the Parent Development Interview-Revised (Slade et al., 2004), analyzed using a deportation fears custom dictionary (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count; Pennebaker et al., 2003). Mothers completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis, 2001); youth completed the Youth Self-Report (Achenbach, 1991). Cumulative sociodemographic risk was assessed using a composite score of six risk variables. Regressions revealed significant Sociodemographic Risk × Deportation Fear interactions for maternal depression (p = .01) and youth depression (p < .01) but not for maternal anxiety, youth anxiety, or aggression. As sociodemographic risk increased, associations between deportation fears and psychopathology decreased. The adverse impact of maternal deportation fears on mental health is visible only when demographic stress is lower. Deportation fears may increase mental health risk, potentially reducing treatment seeking among families previously at lower risk. Findings underscore the importance of policy and sociocultural shifts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The gift of peer understanding and suicide bereavement support groups: A qualitative study

There is a growing recognition and need for more studies on groups practices and processes to develop greater insight into the helpful elements that may be distinctive to bereavement peer support groups for traumatic loss such as, suicide. Using a qualitative descriptive design, focus groups and individual interviews were conducted online and face-to-face with a purposive sample of 27 participants in Ireland and in Denmark, who were bereaved by suicided and were attending peer bereavement support groups. Data were analyzed through Thematic Analysis. The findings suggest that the group provided a safe place where people felt and nurtured a deep emotional connection, a place where people trusted themselves and others to speak the unspoken and to tell and re-tell their story without fear of consequence as well as a place where they learnt to process their loss. Findings are discussed and recommendations based on the findings are proposed.

Evaluation of the effects of pandemic-related fears on anxiety and depression: the mediating roles of traumatic stress and loneliness

BackgroundThe detrimental mental health effects which emerged from COVID-19 have profoundly affected healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of traumatic stress and loneliness on the fears of contracting and dying from COVID-19, and anxiety and depression of HCWs during the pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was completed by HCWs in a province of Turkey. The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Impact of Events Scale-Revised and numerical rating scales (for fears of COVID-19 and loneliness) were used and a bootstrap approach was used in the analyses with SPSS PROCESS macro software.ResultsOf the HCWs evaluated, 150 (34.4%) were doctors, with a mean duration of work experience of 10.6 ± 7.5 years. The results indicated that fear of contracting COVID-19 was directly related to anxiety (β = 0.244, p < 0.001) and depression (β = 0.135, p < 0.01) and that traumatic stress and loneliness mediated the relationships between the fear of contracting COVID-19 and anxiety (β = 0.435, p < 0.001; β = 0.235, p < 0.001, respectively) and depression (β = 0.365, p < 0.001; β = 0.294, p < 0.001, respectively). The fear of dying from COVID-19 was determined to be directly associated with anxiety (β = 0.190, p < 0.001) but not with depression (β = 0.066, p = 0.116), and traumatic stress and loneliness mediated the relationships between the fear of dying from COVID-19 and anxiety (β = 0.476, p < 0.001; β = 0.259, p < 0.001, respectively) and depression (β = 0.400, p < 0.001; β = 0.311, p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsThe study results demonstrated the important roles of traumatic stress and loneliness in exacerbating the negative consequences of fears of COVID-19 on anxiety and depression, and provide insights for identifying HCWs at greater risk.

The Paradox of Aging-Related Fears: Fear of Loneliness in Old Age as a Motivator for Loneliness Preventive Activities

Introduction: Aging is often seen as a challenging process, prompting individuals to form emotional reactions in response to the perceived challenges associated with growing older, manifested as aging-related fears. The present study focuses on the fear of loneliness in old age, a significant concern considering the socioemotional importance of close relationships in later life. Drawing from proactive coping theory, the study explores the association between fear of loneliness and aging preparation. This research aimed to investigate whether the fear of loneliness motivates individuals to engage in activities aimed at preventing loneliness in old age. For exploratory purposes, we consider both linear and nonlinear effects at the interindividual level, as well as the intraindividual-level differences between fear levels and behavioral outcomes. In addition, we also investigate the moderating role of trait neuroticism in these associations. Methods: Data from the “Ageing as Future (AAF)” project in Germany (N = 1,183) spanning from 2012 to 2023 were utilized. A multilevel model considered both intra- and interindividual variations, incorporating time-varying variables and covariates. Results: Linear mixed model analysis revealed that increased fear of loneliness corresponded to heightened engagement in preventive activities linearly, while a quadratic term indicated an inverted U-shaped relationship. The inclusion of occasion-specific deviation scores showed that individuals were more inclined to engage in preventive activities when experiencing heightened fear of loneliness than usual. This impact of deviation in fear perception was particularly evident among those with high levels of trait neuroticism. Conclusion: The study reveals that fear of loneliness in old age is associated with proactive engagement in preventive activities, with those prone to higher levels of fear or worry being particularly affected. These results emphasize the importance of a moderate level of fear in driving action without succumbing to excessive pessimism or unrealistic optimism. The findings contribute to understanding the motivational role of aging-related fears and hold implications for gerontological practices, emphasizing the need for a balanced fear perception in addressing potential negative impacts of aging. Future research could explore moderators and long-term consequences of motivational aging-related fears.

A Rapid Review on Complaint Mechanisms for Interpersonal Violence: Integrating Research-Based Recommendations from Multiple Sectors to Inform Sport Settings.

Past studies have highlighted the lack of independent formal complaint mechanisms as one of the most significant barriers to reporting interpersonal violence (IV) in sport. Some countries have since implemented complaint mechanisms specific to sport settings. Evaluations of similar mechanisms in other sectors could inform the development and implementation of complaint mechanisms for IV in sport. This rapid review included studies inside and outside the sport context to document the characteristics of complaint mechanisms of IV, barriers or limitations related to such mechanisms, and recommendations resulting from their evaluation. Following the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Interim Guidance, six databases were searched for peer-reviewed references in English or French, published between 2012 and 2022, and pertaining to the evaluation of formal reporting mechanisms of IV. The 35 references covered mechanisms mainly targeting IV in general (any type) or sexual violence specifically. Complaint mechanisms varied in scope and as a function of their setting, including work, university, military, and medical. We identified barriers and limitations concerning fear of consequences, lack of knowledge, lack of efficiency, lack of trust, and unsupportive culture. Finally, we documented 18 recommendations to improve complaint mechanisms of IV, spanning four categories: (a) organizational accountability, (b) awareness and accessibility, (c) adapted process, and (d) ongoing evaluation. This rapid review draws recommendations from various research disciplines and types of mechanisms to offer a comprehensive portrait of best practices. The findings show that numerous aspects of complaint mechanisms at multiple levels should be considered when developing and implementing complaint mechanisms of IV.

Mental Health Implications of Family Separation Associated with Migration Policies in the United States: A Systematic Review

The practice of family separation as a mechanism of oppression has a deep-rooted history in the U.S., manifesting in diverse contexts, including punitive migration policies. This systematic review aimed to provide a rigorous and updated synthesis of the research on family separation as a result of migration policies and its impacts on immigrants’ mental health while making a distinction between forced family separation, family separation by constrained choices, and living with the fear of family separation. We systematically searched four bibliographic databases using keywords related to family separation, migration, transnational families, and mental health for peer-reviewed studies published in English on or before January 1st, 2022. Results of the review indicate that family separation or fear of it may result in depression, anxiety, behavioral and emotional issues, sleep disturbances, and stress or distress in affected children. Similarly, impacted parents or caregivers might experience stress or distress, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Findings call for migration policy changes prioritizing family unity and comprehensive mental health interventions to respond to the pervasive consequences of family separation or fear thereof among immigrants in the U.S.

Taboos and Self-Censorship Among U.S. Psychology Professors.

We identify points of conflict and consensus regarding (a) controversial empirical claims and (b) normative preferences for how controversial scholarship-and scholars-should be treated. In 2021, we conducted qualitative interviews (n = 41) to generate a quantitative survey (N = 470) of U.S. psychology professors' beliefs and values. Professors strongly disagreed on the truth status of 10 candidate taboo conclusions: For each conclusion, some professors reported 100% certainty in its veracity and others 100% certainty in its falsehood. Professors more confident in the truth of the taboo conclusions reported more self-censorship, a pattern that could bias perceived scientific consensus regarding the inaccuracy of controversial conclusions. Almost all professors worried about social sanctions if they were to express their own empirical beliefs. Tenured professors reported as much self-censorship and as much fear of consequences as untenured professors, including fear of getting fired. Most professors opposed suppressing scholarship and punishing peers on the basis of moral concerns about research conclusions and reported contempt for peers who petition to retract papers on moral grounds. Younger, more left-leaning, and female faculty were generally more opposed to controversial scholarship. These results do not resolve empirical or normative disagreements among psychology professors, but they may provide an empirical context for their discussion.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY AND EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND FLOURISHING

The objective of this research is to investigate the complex relationships that exist between psychological safety, employee motivation, and flourishing in organizational settings. Specifically, the study will concentrate on developing creative work environments and analyzing the roles played by transformational and transactional leadership styles. The understanding of psychological safety as a fundamental component of an atmosphere where taking interpersonal risks is encouraged and enables staff members to freely interact, make suggestions, and work together without fear of consequences is at the heart of the inquiry. Based on positive psychology frameworks and self-determination theory, the study clarifies the several motivating factors—like relatedness, competence, and autonomy—that lead to employee thriving. It seeks to understand how these motivational elements, along with psychological safety, foster an atmosphere that is favorable to creativity and invention. The study explores the complex interrelationships between transactional and transformational leadership philosophies and how each influences psychological safety and encourages workers to come up with new ideas. The primary goal of the inquiry is to clarify how these leadership philosophies affect the individual and group creativity of employees. Through an analysis of the complex relationships between psychological safety, employee motivation, and leadership styles, the thesis seeks to provide practitioners and organizational leaders with practical advice. It is crucial to comprehend how these elements combine to influence creative work practices and inventive behaviors in today's dynamic and competitive environment, where innovation is essential to long-term success. Keywords: Innovative work behavior, Employee creativity, Transformational leadership style and Transactional leadership style.

Identification of Child Abuse and Neglect Based on the Perception of Training Physicians in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction Child abuse and neglect (CAN) affects many countries, including Saudi Arabia (SA). CAN in SA is more commonly detected in hospitals. Therefore, healthcare professionals must identify and report the cases. This study aims to assess knowledge and perceptions toward CAN among training physicians. Methodology A cross-sectional survey was conducted through a self-administrated structured questionnaire and involved 123 residents and fellows who deal with children in Jeddah, SA. The participants were recruited using convenient sampling methods. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results We found that approximately 78% would report their findings to the legal authority, document them, and assess their consistency with parents and the child's explanation. However, only 41.5% of the participants would report CAN to the proper authority. Most participants believed that CAN should be redefined according to Saudi culture and religious standards. In contrast, 68.9% of the participants believed that CAN cases are under-reported in SA. The main barrier to not reporting is the fear of consequences (63.4%). About 77% of the participants agreed to the need for further training. Identifying the CAN indicators was higher among those who handled a CAN case previously (median = 66.67, p = 0.023). Conclusions In conclusion, the study showed that appropriate undergraduate and postgraduatecurriculum training should be developed to strengthen future healthcare practitioners in dealing with CAN cases to protect children's welfare.

How Sharp Objects Injuries Impact our Healthcare Workers: Unveiling Perspective and Preventive Imperatives.

Introduction Sharp object injuries in the medical field present a considerable occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs), encompassing a spectrum of consequences from immediate discomfort to enduring health consequences. These injuries may expose HCWs to potential infections. Despite efforts to control sharp object injuries in healthcare environments, they are present at every stage involving using or disposing of medical sharp instruments. In Jordan, limited research has focused on sharp object injuries, with most data included from studies concentrating on practicing nurses or nursing students. Consequently, further research is necessary to comprehend the causes behind the high sharp object injury rate and the insufficient knowledge of safety practices and preventive guidelines. Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the impact of sharp object injuries on HCWs, underlying causes,and potential consequences causes of needlestick injuries. To highlight perspective and preventive imperatives. Methods and patients This retrospective institutional-based cross-sectional chart analysis was conducted by reviewing all sharp object injuries report sheets and extracting data directly from these reports for analysis. The study encompassed all reported cases occurring between 2018 and 2023. All the participants' data handling was accomplished according to the Declaration of Helsinki (2013) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability (HIPAA) Acts. Results A total of 146 self-reported hospital workers were included in the study. Within the final cohort, 52.73% of the participants were male (77/146), with an average age at diagnosis of 38.6±7.87 years (ranging from 20 to 52 years). Conversely, females comprised 47.27% of the cohort population (69/146) and had an average age at diagnosis of 34.73±6.73 years (ranging from 19 to 47 years). The age group 20-29 years was the most prominent age group, statistical analysis of age and gender data revealed significant differences. The overall prevalence of sharp object injuries was 11.83%, indicating that a sizable portion of HCWs is at risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Among the different professional categories, Physicians constituted the majority of sharp object injuries reported victims in 41 cases (28.08%), followed by nurses in 38 cases (26.02%).Statistical analysis of the profession's data revealed significant differences (P<0.001). Notably, sharp object injuries were most reported in wards. The leading procedures that caused sharp object injuries were identified as during needle recapping in 53 instances (36.30%), then followed by medical waste treatment in 32 cases (21.92%). The left hand was the most affected body part, reported in 83 cases (56.84%).All injured individuals reported the incident promptly. No seroconversions were documented within the reviewed cases during the study period. Conclusion Injuries caused by sharp objects persist as a significant danger for hospital employees, posing immediate harm and long-term health risks linked to bloodborne pathogens. The findings stress the continuous responsibility of healthcare institutions to prioritize staff safety by addressing the root causes of sharp object injuries and fostering reporting and prevention cultures. Underreporting reasons are diverse, encompassing factors like time constraints, fear of consequences, and the misconception of injury insignificance.

Nurses Caring for Older Adult Family Members: Disclosing Caregiving to Work Supervisors.

Disclosure of family caregiving to work supervisors is needed for nurses to access work support for family caregiving. Little is known about characteristics of nurses who decide to/not to disclose family caregiving to supervisors. The objective was to examine characteristics of nurses based on whether they disclosed caregiving responsibilities to their nursing supervisors and describe reasons for non-disclosure. This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey. Registered nurses who had a work supervisor and cared for an older adult family member completed a survey including demographics, work and caregiving characteristics, and disclosure. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were conducted. The sample included 162 nurses. Participants were on average 50 years old, 90.1% female, 65.4% married, and 80.9% were caring for a parent or parent-in-law. The disclosure was more likely among nurses who provided higher intensity care (hours of care), cared for a parent or in-law, or had a quality caregiver-care recipient relationship. Reasons for non-disclosure included wanting to separate personal and work life, discomfort, and fear of consequences. Nurses struggle with similar disclosure challenges as other family caregivers. Care intensity, caregiver-care recipient relationships, and care stress were associated with disclosure behaviors.

Mittag–Leffler kernel operator on prey-predator model interfusing intra-specific competition and prey fear factor

In the present research, a prey-predator system that classifies predator species into premature and veteran species was proposed. Mathematical models of the system of species that include the impact of panic and a variety of functional reactions to the species have been recently reviewed. The consequence of fear is a reduction factor in the fundamental reproduction of the prey species. Relying on the prior research, we propose a mathematical predator-prey model employing the concept of fractional order system that contains two crucial components: intra-specific competition under mature predator density and fear, which affects the progeny of the prey community. Incorporating self-similarity characteristics is the significance of adopting a fractional order system. Following that, using memory kernel, we have interpret this model into the perspective of Caputo, that is, Atangana_Baleanu_Caputo (A_B_C) kind of fractional order derivatives. Singularity and non-locality are two of the main properties of fractional operators that make it simpler to figure out the natural behaviour of complicated systems. Details regarding the unique solution to the established model's derivation are provided. The dichotomy operator investigates the stability of the system under Hyper-Ulam`s stability method. The numerical interpolation to the suggested model generates the best precise approximate result. Through computer simulations, a thorough investigation on the predator species exhibiting intra-specific factor and prey species exhibiting fear factor is investigated. Using Adam's semi-analytical technique, we were able to derive the numerical estimates and determine the solution. The purpose to employ the Adams-Moulton approach is that it will provide more implicitly accurate results. Extensive numerical experiments are carried out using MATLAB software in order to portray the dynamical behaviour of the system. These observations lead us to the conclusion that total population expansion in the environment would be managed by the successful adoption of the fear factor in prey and the intra-species rivalry in predators.

The Causes and Consequences of Entrepreneurial Failure Fear: Research Framework and Future Prospects

The fear of entrepreneurial failure is the avoidance trait or negative emotion that entrepreneurs develop towards the consequences of failure. The generation of this avoidance trait or negative emotion is related to the joint interaction of factors such as the entrepreneur's cognition, achievement goals, and environment. It is an important factor that suppresses entrepreneurial willingness and behavior, and may also stimulate entrepreneurial motivation. This article reviews existing literature, analyzes the concept, influencing factors, and outcome variables of entrepreneurial failure fear, and finally proposes a research framework and future research points and directions for entrepreneurial failure fear. Research points: 1. The connotation and role of fear of entrepreneurial failure throughout the entire entrepreneurial process. 2. The fear of entrepreneurial failure has a beneficial impact on entrepreneurship. Research direction: 1. Enrich the connotation and extension of entrepreneurial failure fear, and explore the sources of failure fear in different scenarios. 2. Pay attention to the dynamic patterns of fear of entrepreneurial failure throughout the entire process of entrepreneurship. 3. Research on the mechanisms and factors that contribute to the beneficial impact of fear of entrepreneurial failure.

“They Seem to Only Know About Bleeding and Cramps”: Menstruation, Gendered Experiences, and Coach–Athlete Relationships

Menstruation is a barrier to women’s sport participation through stigmas, silence, a lack of coach and athlete education, discomfort in communication, and risk of menstrual disorders, especially at nonelite levels. This study provides a qualitative and quantitative, poststructuralist feminist examination of the barriers and facilitators to positive coach–athlete communication and relationships around menstruation. The aim of the study is to create a gender-responsive model of coaching about menstruation. An online questionnaire was completed by 494 athletes aged 16 years or older. Utilizing poststructuralist feminist theory, qualitative and quantitative analysis highlighted women athletes’ experiences with menstruation, particularly surrounding coach–athlete communication. The results illustrated the heterogeneity of menstruation experiences, with athletes’ previous gendered experiences leading them to resist and/or uphold traditional, masculine-centric gender norms in sport. Most athletes experienced negative menstruation symptoms, but many did not speak with coaches about menstruation, highlighting menstruation’s current position as a siloed topic in sport, usually reserved just for women coaches. Athletes did not discuss menstruation due to discomfort, coach ignorance, menstruation stigmas, and fears of consequences. Athletes largely agreed coaches knowing and discussing menstruation would bring benefits, such as performance improvements, stronger coach–athlete relationships, and erasure of menstruation stigma. Overall, barriers to menstruation discussions include stigma, antagonism and pessimism, and maintenance of a masculine norm. A model of gender-responsive coaching around menstruation is proposed for coaches and sport organizations, which promotes integration and proactivity, tolerance and trust, and protection of athlete voice and agency.

Short-term and long-term financial toxicity from breast cancer treatment: a qualitative study.

The rising cost of breast cancer treatment has increased patients' financial burden, intensifying an already stressful treatment process. Although researchers increasingly recognize the harmful impact of medical and nonmedical costs associated with cancer treatment, understanding patients' perspectives of financial toxicity is limited. We aimed to explore the topic of financial toxicity through the lived experiences of patients with breast cancer from groups at risk of social and economic marginalization. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 50 women with breast cancer from four specific groups: Black women, Medicaid enrollees, rural residents, and women age ≤ 40. We transcribed, coded, and analyzed the data using deductive and inductive approaches. Two overarching themes captured patients' experiences of financial toxicity: short-term and long-term impacts. Short-term stressors included direct medical (e.g., co-pays, premiums), nonmedical (e.g., transportation, lodging), and indirect (e.g., job loss, reduced work hours) costs. Early in their treatments, patients' focus on survival took precedence over financial concerns. However, as the treatment course progressed, fear of consequences from compounding costs of care and financial distress negatively impacted patients' lifestyles and outlooks for the future. Programs addressing financial toxicity that look beyond early-phase interventions are needed. Specifically, patients struggling with the accumulation of treatment costs and the resultant stress require ongoing support. Long-term support is especially needed for groups vulnerable to financial instability and social marginalization.