Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised Research Articles

Assessment of Probiotics (Lactobacillus) Supplementation in the Management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Background Studies suggest that the bidirectional relationship existent between the gut microbiome (GM) and the central nervous system (CNS), or so-called the microbiome–gut–brain axis (MGBA), is involved in diverse neuropsychiatric diseases in children and adults. Aim and objectives The aim of the study was to assess the effect of probiotics supplementation as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) cases. Subjects and methods This was a randomized controlled study included 80 patients with ADHD diagnosed according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ADHD with age ranging from 6 to 16 years old who are following up at the Child Psychiatry Clinics of both Children`s Hospital and Psychiatry Institute Faculty of medicine, Ain-Shams University, All patients randomly distributed into two equal groups, Group1:ADHD cases received probotic in addtion to atomoxetine and Group2: ADHD cases received atomoxetine without probiotic, all cases subjected to Conner’s Parent Rating Scales-Revised (CRS-R) and The Continuous Performance Test (CPT) before and after intervention. Results In group 1, there was significant decrease in mean differences between before and after intervention as regards Oppositional, inattentive, Hyperactive/impulsive and total scores after intervention in comparison with before intervention (p < 0.001). In group 2, the mean differences between before and after showed non-significant differences regarding Oppositional, inattentive and Hyperactive/impulsive scores (p > 0.05). There was statistically significant elevation (improvement) in the mean Correct trials, Correct targets, Correct foils, Target Accuracy Rate and foil Accuracy Rate scores of CPT among the group 1 compared with the group 2 (p < 0.05). On the other hand, group 1 had significant lower (improvement) scores of Commission errors, Omission errors, Correct Real Time Standard Deviation, Error real time mean Score and Error Real Time SD compared to group 2 (p < 0.05). In group 2, the mean differences between before and after showed non-significant differences regarding all sub items of CPT (p > 0.05). Conclusion Results of This study suggests that Probiotic supplementation could be beneficial as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of ADHD cases.. This is a relatively new area of research and the number of included studies is limited.

Menurunkan frekuensi jajan tidak sehat pada anak dengan ID komorbid ADHD

Children with intellectual disability (ID) are susceptible to poor experiences of care and treatment outcomes, and this may compound existing health inequities. ID itself can has comorbidities with any other pathologies, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Based on the assessment data, subject seems to be dependent to her parent, not able to sit quietly, and not able to understand long and complex instructions. Subject complained by her parent because of the high frequencies of snacking unhealthy beverages. Assessment methods were interviews, observation, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), and Conner’s Parent Rating Scale – Revised (CPRS-R). The intervention given to overcome these problems was negative reinforcement. The results of the intervention showed that the behavior of snacking unhealthy beverages can be reduced.

The Effect of Water Treadmill Exercise on Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the prevalent disorders in child psychiatry with the potential of damage to mental talent evolution process and socio-emotional skills. This study aimed to determine the effect of Water treadmill exercise on children with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study with pretest, posttest design which was done in Gorgan. Participants were 46 children (mean age = 9.45 ±0.5, male = gender) who were identified and selected based on diagnostic criteria in two stages and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=23). The experimental group performed running on a Water treadmill for eight weeks with three sessions each week (24 sessions in total) and each session for 30 minutes. The exercise intensity was for 10 minutes 40-45% and 20 minutes 55-65% of the maximum heart rate reserve. All sessions begin with a brief warm-up, including light aerobic activity and dynamic, static stretching, and end with a cool-down. Disorder Levels were measured using the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R), and diagnostic interviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: The results showed that after controlling the pretest levels, behavior problems, social problems, anxiety-shyness, psychosomatic, and the overall score of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the experimental group were significantly lower the posttest than the control group (p <0.05). Conclusion Based on the results, exercise interventions with Water treadmill for eight weeks effectively reduce the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and can be used as an appropriate intervention.

Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children presenting with foreign body ingestion

BackgroundForeign body ingestion is a common condition in children. We aimed to compare the incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children that ingested foreign bodies with healthy children. MethodsThe study group consisted of 3- to 17-year-old pediatric patients admitted to the emergency department after foreign body ingestion, and the control group was formed with children having similar demographic and cultural characteristics that presented to the same department for non-traumatic causes. After initial intervention and stabilization, we administered the Conners' Parent Rating Scales-Revised (CPRS-R) to both groups. ResultsThe study group consisted of 53 patients with a mean age of 7.83 ± 4.36 and the control group comprised 47 children with a mean age of 7.72 ± 3.48 years. There were no statistically significant differences between the study and control groups in terms of age, gender, and parental education levels (p > 0.05 for each). The foreign objects most ingested by children were coins (32.1%), followed by needles (15.1%) and beads (9.4%), and all the patients recovered without complications and were discharged. All the CPRS-R subscale scores were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The parental education levels of the study group were not significantly correlated with DSM-IV hyperactivity-impulsivity and DSM-IV total. ConclusionWe found that the incidence of ADHD symptoms may be high in children referred to emergency services after accidentally ingesting foreign bodies.

The association between conative functioning of adolescents exposed to intimate partner violence and family dimensions of cohesion and adaptibility

B?ckground/Aim. Childhood exposure to various types of emotional, physical and sexual abuse in intimate partner violence (IPV) families is associated with difficulties in emotional and social adjustment, including conduct problems, internalized and externalized symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between intimate partner violence and: family system functioning (cohesion and adaptability), conative functioning of adolescents and risk of psychopathological symptomatology development. The specific aim of this study was to establish the mental hygiene and preventive measures in order to reduce the negative consequences of growing up in the IPV families. Methods. The study was done on a sample of 308 adolescents, aged 15?18 years, divided into the IPV group (n = 68 adolescents growing up in families with the IPV and exposed to IPV in which the violence was reported and processed), and the control group (n = 240 adolescents coming from families in which there was not found any type of violence or psychosocial pathology on the basis of the results obtained on the Conners' Parent Rating Scale?Revised (CPRS-R) Questionnaire. The Faces III scale of measurement was used for measuring the dimensions of family functioning, and Cybernetic model of conative dimensions of personality (CON-6) for conative functioning of adolescents. The data was processed by using the discriminate and linear regressive analysis. Results. The adolescents growing up in the families with the IPV and exposed to IPV showed the statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.01) in conative functioning: psychosomatic ? = -.509, anxiety ? = -.393, aggressive ? = -.398, dissociative ? = -.509 and adaptive personality reactions ? = -.455, as compared to the control group. There was 32.35% of adolescents exposed to IPV who showed the pronounced pathological values regarding social-adaption reaction, 23.53% regarding pathological anxiety and 23.53% dissociative reactions. The greatest negative relationship was found between intimate partner violence and family dimension of cohesion (? = -0.605, p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion. Adolescents growing up and being exposed to the intimate partner violence were significantly associated with changes in the conative functioning and risk of externalized and internalized symptoms development in socially-adaptive, anxiety and dissociative reactions and the need to introduce the preventive mental-hygienic measures. The mediator between IPV and conative functioning of adolescents was family cohesion.

Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral profile in children and adolescents with chronic pain associated with rheumatic diseases: A case-control study.

Background:The prevalence of chronic pain is about 30% in children and adolescents which suffer from severe emotional distress. The aim of this observational study is to investigate cognitive, emotional and behavioral consequences of benign chronic pain in children and adolescents suffering of reumathologic diseases.Materials and Methods:A total of 49 participants, chronic pain participants (CPPs) and controls (CGPs), affected by rheumatic diseases, were enrolled. Assessment included collection of sociodemographic data, pain characteristics, and administration of Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Depression Inventory for Children and Adolescents (CDI), Conners’ Parent Rating Scales–Revised (CPRS-R), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Screen for Child Anxiety–Related Disorders (SCARED). For the statistical analysis, Student’s t-test for independent samples and Pearson’s correlation were used. The significance value was set at p less than .05.Results:A significant difference of mean scores of CBCL items and of CPRS items between the two groups was found. In CPPs, a significant correlation between VAS and mean scores of several CBCL items and between VAS and mean scores of several CPRS items was found.Conclusion:Chronic pain is a real syndrome in which an interdisciplinary treatment should be applied, considering the psychopathological risk, especially in developmental age.

Dimorphic association of dopaminergic transporter gene variants with treatment outcome: Pilot study in Indian ADHD probands

BackgroundScholastic under achievement, poor decision making and lack of self-regulation are major disadvantages in probands with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Since contribution of neurotransmitters, chiefly dopamine (DA)/norepinephrine (NE) have been indicated in the etiology, medications have been developed targeting these neurotransmitters. However, due to variation in response and side effects, treatment is often discontinued. We aimed at understanding the role of DA/NE system gene variants, rs28363170, rs3785143, rs1611115 and rs4680, in medication response. ADHD probands diagnosed after the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-IV were evaluated by the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-revised (CPRS-R). Peripheral blood collected from drug naïve probands was used for genomic DNA isolation and analysis of gene variants. Probands were prescribed either Methylphenidate (MPH) or Atomoxetine (ATX) and post-treatment outcome was assessed using the CPRS-R as well as Drug Side Effect Rating Scale. ResultsWhile significantly reducing behavioral problems (χ2=8.05, p=0.005), MPH treatment resulted in more pronounced side effects as compared to ATX. rs28363170 and rs3785143 variants affected MPH and ATX induced improvement in traits differently (Cohen's d>0.80). Quantitative trait analysis also revealed significant differential role of rs28363170/rs3785143 in medication response (add value >8.0, 95% CI 1.11–16.11). ConclusionThis pioneering study on Indian ADHD probands indicates that rs28363170 and rs3785143 could be major modulators for treatment outcome; while MPH may be more beneficial in the presence of rs28363170 10R and rs3785143 T variants, ATX treatment may provide relief in presence of rs28363170 9R and rs3785143 C variants.

Effects of Maternal Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates on Childhood Behavior Age 7 Years

Effects of Maternal Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates on Childhood Behavior Age 7 YearsAbstract Number:1783 Beverly Insel*, Pam Factor-Litvak, Antonia Calafat, Xinhua Liu, Virginia Rauh, and Robin Whyatt Beverly Insel* Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Pam Factor-Litvak Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Antonia Calafat Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Xinhua Liu Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Virginia Rauh Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , and Robin Whyatt Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, United States, E-mail Address: rmw[email protected] Search for more papers by this author AbstractIntroduction Previous research suggests that prenatal exposure to phthalates may be associated with behavior problems in children and that these associations may be sex specific.Methods In a follow up study of 303 inner-city mothers and their children (girls=160; boys=143), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), and four di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate metabolites (DEHP) were measured in maternal third-trimester urine samples. The Conners’ Parent Rating Scale Revised (CRPS) was administered to the mothers to assess children’s emotional and behavioral problems at age 7 years. To examine the association between prenatal phthalates and the child’s problems, we used linear models for CRPS scores and logistic models for binary outcomes. Analysis was conducted on the whole sample as well as separately by sex.Results LogeMnBP concentrations were associated with increases in social problems (b = 0.43; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.03-0.83) in boys and with psychosomatic problems (b = 0.45; 95% CI 0.03-0.86) in girls. LogeMBzP was associated with increases in perfectionism (b = 0.44; 95% CI 0.03-0.84) in girls and with anxious-shy problems (b= 0.82; 95% CI 0.24, 1.39) in boys. LogeMiBP was also associated with increases in anxious-shy problems (b = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.25-1.83) in boys. The odds ratios for the associations between each unit increase in logeMiBP and borderline/clinical DSM-IV inattentive scale was 2.24 (95% CI: 1.21-4.15) in boys. In boys and girls combined, we found inverse associations between SDEHP metabolites and both the hyperactive and DSM-IV hyperactive-impulsive scales.Conclusion Maternal prenatal exposures to specific phthalates are associated with internalizing behaviors in children at age 7 years and varied by child sex. Exposure to DEHP in boys and girls was associated with reductions in hyperactivity, possibly due to its antiandrogenic properties.

RETRACTED: Paraoxonase I polymorphisms and attention/hyperactivity in school-age children from Mexico City, Mexico

Globally, organophosphate (OP) pesticide usage and exposure is widespread. Studies have found that fetuses and infants are more sensitive than adults to environmental toxicants and that prenatal exposure to low levels of OPs has been associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Like Phenotypes (ADHD-LP). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an enzyme involved in detoxifying some OPs and its polymorphisms influence enzyme activity and quantity. The objective of this study was to examine whether maternal and/or child PON1 genotypes (PON1R192Q and PON1L55M) were associated with ADHD-LP in a Mexico City, Mexico birth cohort. PON1R192Q and PON1L55M genotypes in mothers (PON1R192Q: N=531; PON1L55M: N=458) and children (PON1R192Q: N=532; PON1L55M: N=478) from blood DNA were determined. We assessed ADHD-LP for children between the ages of 6 and 13 using Conners' Parent Rating Scales-Revised (CRS-R), Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and the parent scores for Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC2). Multivariable linear regression models were used to test relationships between ADHD-LP and PON1 polymorphisms. In these models, significant associations were observed with maternal genotypes but not with the child genotypes. A higher DSM IV Hyperactivity/Impulsivity score (β=3.27 points; 95% CI (0.89, 5.65)) and a 2.17 higher score in child DSM IV Total (95% CI (0.05, 4.29)) were observed for maternal PON155MM in comparison to PON155LM+LL. The childattention problems score was 2.27 points higher (95% CI (0.002, 4.53) for maternal PON1192QQ in comparison to PON1192QR+RR. Because maternal PON1 polymorphisms were associated with child ADHD-LP, this may be a viable biomarker of susceptibility for ADHD-LP.

Abnormal CT temporal bone findings in a case of Kallmann syndrome presenting with conductive hearing loss

We aimed to evaluate the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and self-inserted foreign bodies (SIFBs) in children by the Conners’ Parent Rating Scales-Revised (CPRS-R).Forty-five children (31 males and 14 females) with self-inserted foreign body of ear/nose and 37 healthy children (22 males and 15 females) included into the study. They were all between 3 and 9 years old. The parents filled the socio-demographic information form including age, gender, demographic data, previous medical history of the child and features of the family; and completed the Conners’ Parent Rating Scales-Revised (CPRS-R) questionnaire.In the SIFB group (study), 55.6% of the children were not attending to the school, 31.1% of them were attending to the primary school and 13.3% of them were the pre-school student. These rates were 37.8%, 32.4% and 29.7%, respectively, in the control group. The all CPRS-R subscale values (CG/I, H, ADHD-I, CGI-DI, DSMIV SS-I, DSM-IV SS-HI and DSM-IV SS-T) were significantly higher in the study group than the control group. There was no significant correlation between gender of the children and CPRS-R subscales. Children with lower school success, and having previous psychiatric problems were related to higher CPRS-R values in all subscales. In older children, hyperactivity scores were lower; and in younger children and the children, not going to the school, hyperactivity scores were higher. CPRS-R scores decreased as the child grown.It was concluded that children with ADHD were more likely to have conditions that might damage himself/herself such as self-inserted foreign body or trauma than normal children. To avoid this condition, these families should closely observe the child; and the child should be provided to participate in activities such as group games and activities that contribute to the development of the child. Warning the children properly and close follow-up of the young children are required to prevent this unwanted condition.

Self-inserted foreign body and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Evaluated by the Conners’ Parent Rating Scales-Revised

ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and self-inserted foreign bodies (SIFBs) in children by the Conners’ Parent Rating Scales-Revised (CPRS-R). MethodsForty-five children (31 males and 14 females) with self-inserted foreign body of ear/nose and 37 healthy children (22 males and 15 females) included into the study. They were all between 3 and 9 years old. The parents filled the socio-demographic information form including age, gender, demographic data, previous medical history of the child and features of the family; and completed the Conners’ Parent Rating Scales-Revised (CPRS-R) questionnaire. ResultsIn the SIFB group (study), 55.6% of the children were not attending to the school, 31.1% of them were attending to the primary school and 13.3% of them were the pre-school student. These rates were 37.8%, 32.4% and 29.7%, respectively, in the control group. The all CPRS-R subscale values (CG/I, H, ADHD-I, CGI-DI, DSMIV SS-I, DSM-IV SS-HI and DSM-IV SS-T) were significantly higher in the study group than the control group. There was no significant correlation between gender of the children and CPRS-R subscales. Children with lower school success, and having previous psychiatric problems were related to higher CPRS-R values in all subscales. In older children, hyperactivity scores were lower; and in younger children and the children, not going to the school, hyperactivity scores were higher. CPRS-R scores decreased as the child grown. ConclusionIt was concluded that children with ADHD were more likely to have conditions that might damage himself/herself such as self-inserted foreign body or trauma than normal children. To avoid this condition, these families should closely observe the child; and the child should be provided to participate in activities such as group games and activities that contribute to the development of the child. Warning the children properly and close follow-up of the young children are required to prevent this unwanted condition.

Efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate throughout the day in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results from a randomized, controlled trial

Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) is a long-acting, prodrug stimulant therapy for patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This randomized placebo-controlled trial of an optimized daily dose of LDX (30, 50 or 70 mg) was conducted in children and adolescents (aged 6–17 years) with ADHD. To evaluate the efficacy of LDX throughout the day, symptoms and behaviors of ADHD were evaluated using an abbreviated version of the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R) at 1000, 1400 and 1800 hours following early morning dosing (0700 hours). Osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) was included as a reference treatment, but the study was not designed to support a statistical comparison between LDX and OROS-MPH. The full analysis set comprised 317 patients (LDX, n = 104; placebo, n = 106; OROS-MPH, n = 107). At baseline, CPRS-R total scores were similar across treatment groups. At endpoint, differences (active treatment − placebo) in least squares (LS) mean change from baseline CPRS-R total scores were statistically significant (P < 0.001) throughout the day for LDX (effect sizes: 1000 hours, 1.42; 1400 hours, 1.41; 1800 hours, 1.30) and OROS-MPH (effect sizes: 1000 hours, 1.04; 1400 hours, 0.98; 1800 hours, 0.92). Differences in LS mean change from baseline to endpoint were statistically significant (P < 0.001) for both active treatments in all four subscales of the CPRS-R (ADHD index, oppositional, hyperactivity and cognitive). In conclusion, improvements relative to placebo in ADHD-related symptoms and behaviors in children and adolescents receiving a single morning dose of LDX or OROS-MPH were maintained throughout the day and were ongoing at the last measurement in the evening (1800 hours).

PA.09 Self- and proxy-reported measures of behavioural symptoms in young patients with Tourette syndrome: A Controlled Study

AimsTourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by multiple tics and associated with co-morbid behavioural problems (TS-plus). We investigated the usefulness of self-report vs parent- and teacher-report instruments in...

Duloxetine in the treatment of adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an open-label study

The main aim of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of duloxetine, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, in the treatment of adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Seventeen adolescents aged 11-18 years, diagnosed with ADHD, participated in this 6-week open-label study. Duloxetine was given in doses of 30 mg/day in the first week and 60 mg/day from week 2 to the end of the study. Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R) short form was used to assess the efficacy of the therapy. A significant reduction in ADHD symptoms measured by CPRS-R was observed. This reduction was evident from week 4 of the study. In addition, the decrease was significant in all four subscales of CPRS-R including inattention, oppositionality, hyperactivity and ADHD index. In terms of side effects, duloxetine was generally safe and well tolerated. The results of this open-label study suggest a promise of duloxetine in the treatment of youth with ADHD. Further controlled studies with larger samples are required to evaluate the efficacy of duloxetine in children and adolescents with ADHD.

Self-, parent-, and teacher-reported behavioral symptoms in youngsters with Tourette syndrome: A case-control study

Aims Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple tics and associated with co-morbid behavioral problems (TS-plus). We investigated the usefulness of self-report versus parent- and teacher-report instruments in assisting the specialist assessment of TS-plus in a child/adolescent population. Methods Twenty-three patients diagnosed with TS (19 males; age 13.9 ± 3.7 years) and 69 matched healthy controls participated in this study. All recruited participants completed a standardized psychometric battery, including the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), the Self Administrated Psychiatric Scales for Children and Adolescents (SAFA) and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Conners’ Parent Rating Scales-Revised (CPRS-R). Participants’ teachers completed the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scales-Revised (CTRS-R). Results were compared with similar data obtained from controls. Results Nineteen patients (82.6%) fulfilled DSM-IV-TR criteria for at least one co-morbid condition: obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD, n = 8; 34.8%); attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, n = 6; 26.1%); OCD + ADHD ( n = 5; 21.7%). Scores on self-report instruments failed to show any significant differences between TS and controls. Most subscores of the CPRS-R, CTRS-R, and CBCL were significantly higher for the TS group than controls. The TS + OCD subgroup scored significantly higher than the TS-OCD subgroup on the CBCL-Externalizing, Anxious/Depressed and Obsessive-Compulsive subscales. Conclusions Self-report instruments appear to have limited usefulness in assisting the assessment of the behavioral spectrum of young patients with TS. However, proxy-rated instruments differentiate TS populations from healthy subjects, and the CBCL can add relevant information to the clinical diagnosis of co-morbid OCD.

Predictability of oppositional defiant disorder and symptom dimensions in children and adolescents with ADHD combined type

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is frequently co-occurring with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Because ODD is a precursor of later conduct disorder (CD) and affective disorders, early diagnostic identification is warranted. Furthermore, the predictability of three recently confirmed ODD dimensions (ODD-irritable, ODD-headstrong and ODD-hurtful) may assist clinical decision making. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used in order to test the diagnostic accuracy of the Conners' Parent Rating Scale revised (CPRS-R) and the parent version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (PSDQ) in the prediction of ODD in a transnational sample of 1093 subjects aged 5-17 years from the International Multicentre ADHD Genetics study. In a second step, the prediction of three ODD dimensions by the same parent rating scales was assessed by backward linear regression analyses. ROC analyses showed adequate diagnostic accuracy of the CPRS-R and the PSDQ in predicting ODD in this ADHD sample. Furthermore, the three-dimensional structure of ODD was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and the CPRS-R emotional lability scale significantly predicted the ODD irritable dimension. The PSDQ and the CPRS-R are both suitable screening instruments in the identification of ODD. The emotional lability scale of the CPRS-R is an adequate predictor of irritability in youth referred for ADHD.

An Open-label Trial of Risperidone and Fluoxetine in Children with Autistic Disorder

Objective:Various studies have shown the effectiveness of risperidone and fluoxetine in the management of behavioral problems in autism.Aim:The purpose of this study was to compare these two drugs in the management of behavioral problems in autism.Materials and Methods:Forty children with autism were divided into 2 groups in a 16-week open trial that compared these two drugs. Parents rated the children using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and the Conners′ Parent Rating Scale – Revised (CPRS-R). The author rated the children using the Children's Psychiatric Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale.Results:The risperidone group showed significant improvement in areas like irritability and hyperactivity, while the fluoxetine group showed significant improvement in speech deviance, social withdrawal and stereotypy. When the two drugs were compared, fluoxetine showed greater improvement in stereotypy, while both drugs showed improvement on the general autism scale; and on anger, hyperactivity and irritability scales.Conclusions:In this open trial, both drugs were well tolerated and appeared to be beneficial in the treatment of common behavioral problems in children with autism. Further controlled and double-blind studies in larger samples are warranted.

The usefulness of Conners' Rating Scales‐Revised in screening for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children with intellectual disabilities and borderline intelligence

Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are believed to be common in children with intellectual disabilities (ID). Conners' Rating Scales are widely used for screening ADHD among children who do not have ID, but little is known about their usefulness among children with ID. To find cut-off scores for the Conners' Parent Rating Scales-Revised (CPRS-R) and the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-Revised (CTRS-R) that will give optimum levels of sensitivity and specificity for screening for ADHD among children with ID and borderline intelligence. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare a clinical diagnosis of ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 4th revision-Text Review criteria with scores according to the CPRS-R and the CTRS-R. Among children with ID, a CPRS-R total score of 42 provided a sensitivity of 0.9 and a specificity of 0.67 with an area under the curve of 0.84. Similarly, a CTRS-R total score of 40 provided a sensitivity of 0.69 and a specificity of 0.67 with an area under the curve of 0.71. There was poor concordance between the CPRS-R and the CTRS-R total scores (Intraclass Correlation; ICC = 0.17). There were statistically significant differences in the total score of the CPRS-R and most of its sub-scores between children with ID with and without ADHD. The CTRS-R total score and its sub-scores did not show any statistically significant difference between two groups. Factor analysis showed three clinically distinct factors for both the CPRS-R and the CTRS-R items, although the CPRS-R factors were better and had less item overlap than the CTRS-R factors. The CPRS-R scores may distinguish between children with ID with and without ADHD but not the CTRS-R scores. Many items in the CPRS-R and the CTRS-R are not applicable to children with severe and profound ID who do not have speech. The CPRS-R and the CTRS-R scores did not correlate with each other. There is a need to develop an ADHD screening instrument specifically for children with ID.

Adenotonsillectomy Improves Sleep, Breathing, and Quality of Life But Not Behavior

To obtain parental perspectives on changes in sleep, breathing, quality of life (QOL), and neurobehavioral measures after adenotonsillectomy. This retrospective cohort study comprised otherwise healthy children evaluated for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) from 1993 to 2001. We compared those children who underwent adenotonsillectomy with those children who did not. The parents of 473 children (292 boys) 2 years of age and older were sent questionnaires to evaluate QOL and clinical and behavioral changes. For 94 children 3 years of age and older, behavioral changes were evaluated using the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R) for three different periods: pre-operatively/pre-polysomnography, postoperatively/postpolysomnography, and recently. One hundred and sixty-six questionnaires were returned (35%), 138 of which were complete with written consent provided. Compared with parents of unoperated children, parents of children who had adenotonsillectomy were more likely to report improvements in sleep, breathing, and QOL but not improvements in concentration, school performance, and intellectual or developmental progress. Both short and long term, there were no significant effects of adenotonsillectomy on any of the CPRS-R behavior subscales. From a parental perspective, adenotonsillectomy frequently improves sleep, breathing, and QOL but does not often improve neurobehavioral outcomes.

Schedules for detection, diagnosis and assessment of psychiatric disorders

Developmental Medicine & Child NeurologyVolume 43, Issue s90 p. 28-29 Free Access Schedules for detection, diagnosis and assessment of psychiatric disorders Conners Parent Rating Scale - Revised (CPRS-R) First published: 12 November 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2001.tb12450.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1 Conners CK. (1970) Symptom patterns in hyperkinetic, neurotic and normal children. Child Development 41: 667– 82. 2 Conners CK, Sitarenios G., Parker J., Epstein N. (1998) The revised Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): Factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 26: 257– 69. Volume43, Issues90December 2001Pages 28-29 ReferencesRelatedInformation