Connection Mode Research Articles

Light absorption performance of nanowire photodetectors based on plasmon antennas

By aiming at the limitations of Si nanowire photodetectors in the infrared band, this paper proposes a design of a nanowire photodetector integrated with coupled butterfly-shaped Au plasmonic antennas. Through numerical simulations, it utilizes the coupled plasmon resonance effect caused by the coupled butterfly-shaped Au slices to provide local electric field enhancement in the device, hence increasing the device’s light absorption capability. It is shown that the devices modified by coupled butterfly-shaped Au slices have obvious polarized light dependence. The coupled butterfly-shaped Au slices introduce an absorption peak with a peak absorption rate close to 40% in the waveband range of 1–3 µm, which can be regulated by their structural parameters, such as the distance between the Au slices, the length of the inner edge length, the height of the Au, and the connection mode between the Au slices. When the two Au slices are connected by a bridge, two absorption peaks appear on the absorption curve under the parameter conditions of dis=5nm, s1=12nm, and h=18nm. The peak absorptions are up to 25% and 40%, respectively, which greatly breaks through the limitations of the application of Si nanowire photodetectors in the infrared wavelength band and provides a certain way of thinking about the enhancement of the device photo-absorption performance.

A 3D-To-2D Phase Transition Mediated by Argentophilic Bond Rearrangements in a Coordination Polymer.

When subjected to pressure, most materials typically either maintain their three-dimensional (3D) structure or undergo a transformation into high-dimensional configurations due to compacted spaces and shortened bond distances. Specifically, the formation of metallophilic interactions enhances the potential for increased structural dimensionality. In this study, we present a heterobimetallic coordination polymer, [Cu2(pa)2][Ag(CN)2]2·2H2O (pa = deprotonated propanolamine). The ambient pressure phase exhibits a 3D structure consisting of binuclear alkoxo-bridged nodes [Cu2(pa)2]2+ and linear [Ag(CN)2]- spacers, and Ag···Ag interactions exist as ligand-supported one-dimensional (1D) zigzag chains. Increasing the hydrostatic pressure to ∼3.55 GPa induces a first-order phase transformation to phase II, which features a two-dimensional (2D) pillared-like structure. In phase II, the argentophilic interactions undergo substantial reconstructions, resulting in the establishment of discrete silver-silver dimers and rendering the structure ligand-unsupported. Furthermore, the unprecedented structural transformation from 3D to 2D in this compound is accompanied by a color change, which coincides with the collapse of the energy band gap. This study proposes a new strategy for reducing structural dimensionality by utilizing pressure as a means to modify the connectivity modes of argentophilic interactions in coordination supramolecular systems.

Arts-based approaches to democracy: Reinvigorating the public sphere

Across the globe, new forms of democracy have been hailed as key to addressing the most existential crises facing society. In the face of democratic malaises such as polarisation and disenchantment, as well as systemic crises such as climate change and structural injustice, deliberative innovations are proliferating. We explore the contribution a specific form of artistic practice – participatory performance – can make to democratic renewal. While the current focus of democratic innovations has been an institutional design approach creating small-scale spaces for citizen engagement, we argue an arts-based approach to democracy returns to a focus on the large-scale public sphere as an important locus of democracy. Through an in-depth case study of The People’s Palace of Possibility , a participatory performance touring the United Kingdom 2020–2024, we explore what ‘mode of connection’ or political culture between citizens – for Hannah Arendt the defining dimension of the public sphere – participatory arts promotes. We find that the artistic dimension of this work promotes critical democratic renewal by inviting a reflective, playful, imaginative, and collective way of engaging citizens on systemic issues such as climate change and structural injustice.

Neural connectivity and balance control in aging: Insights from directed cortical networks during sensory conflict.

Neural connectivity and balance control in aging: Insights from directed cortical networks during sensory conflict.

Suppression to Commutation Failure of UHVDC in Hierarchical Connection Mode With Synchronous Condenser by Enhancing Post-Fault System Strength

Suppression to Commutation Failure of UHVDC in Hierarchical Connection Mode With Synchronous Condenser by Enhancing Post-Fault System Strength

Research on the Kinematic Model of "Benching Dragon" Based on Archimedes Spiral

Based on the Archimedes spiral, this paper establishes the kinematics model of "Bench Dragon" in order to optimize its motion trajectory and improve the scientific and artistic performance. By using the methods of plane geometry, physical kinematics and recursive calculation, this paper focuses on the analysis of the trajectory and position equations of the whole movement of the dragon team. Especially in the adjustment of pitch and motion path, detailed mathematical derivation and approximate analysis are carried out. In this paper, the size and connection mode of the dragon team are analyzed as a whole, and then the kinematics model of the dragon head is established as the benchmark of the movement of the dragon body and tail. The motion model of the dragon body and tail is extended by recursive method, and finally the position of each handle point per second are obtained. This research not only provides a scientific basis for optimizing the motion trajectory of the 'Bench Dragon' performance, enhancing its safety and visual appeal, but also serves as a model for integrating traditional culture with modern technology, offering new approaches for preserving and promoting folk customs.

Multi-functional polyvinylidene fluoride/sodium alginate/SiC/MgCl2 composite film for self-powered humidity and pressure sensing.

Multi-functional polyvinylidene fluoride/sodium alginate/SiC/MgCl2 composite film for self-powered humidity and pressure sensing.

Two long-axis dimensions of hippocampal-cortical integration support memory function across the adult lifespan.

The hippocampus is a complex structure critically involved in numerous behavior-regulating systems. In young adults, multiple overlapping spatial modes along its longitudinal and transverse axes describe the organization of its functional integration with neocortex, extending the traditional framework emphasizing functional differences between sharply segregated hippocampal subregions. Yet, it remains unknown whether these modes (i.e. gradients) persist across the adult human lifespan, and relate to memory and molecular markers associated with brain function and cognition. In two independent samples, we demonstrate that the principal anteroposterior and second-order, mid-to-anterior/posterior hippocampal modes of neocortical functional connectivity, representing distinct dimensions of macroscale cortical organization, manifest across the adult lifespan. Specifically, individual differences in topography of the second-order gradient predicted episodic memory and mirrored dopamine D1 receptor distribution, capturing shared functional and molecular organization. Older age was associated with less distinct transitions along gradients (i.e. increased functional homogeneity). Importantly, a youth-like gradient profile predicted preserved episodic memory - emphasizing age-related gradient dedifferentiation as a marker of cognitive decline. Our results underscore a critical role of mapping multidimensional hippocampal organization in understanding the neural circuits that support memory across the adult lifespan.

Well-Defined Nanostructures: Concept, Impact and Perspective.

Well-defined nanostructures (WDNSs) represent a transformative frontier in nanotechnology, enabling precise control over material properties through nanoscale engineering. The connectivity of nanoscale building blocks is increasingly critical in defining the properties and applications of WDNSs. Traditional dimensionality-based classifications provide foundational insights but overlook the delicate influence of connectivity architectures on functionality. This perspective introduces a supplementary classification framework based on connectivity modes, including discrete connections, serial connections, 2.5D connections, and 3D interpenetrations. Each category defines specific structural configurations that decide the spatial arrangement, interaction dynamics, and functional integration of nanoscale components. This framework establishes a unique perspective for understanding WDNSs, linking their structural design with diverse applications in catalysis, energy storage, biomedicine, and beyond. By regulating connectivity strategies with emerging functional demands, WDNSs offer considerable opportunities for designing multifunctional materials, providing a foundation for advancing nanotechnology in addressing complex scientific and societal challenges. Finally, advanced rational design, accurate synthesis, comprehensive deployment, and sustainable development remain critical to addressing bottlenecks in WDNSs development.

Comparative analysis of user engagement discursive strategies in social media: a case study of Russian and Chinese alcohol brands

This study examines user engagement discursive strategies in social media. The research is relevant due to fundamental transformations in digital communication that significantly alter brand-consumer interactions. The research object is the user engagement discourse created by "Russian Standard" and "Wuliangye" brands on VKontakte and Weibo platforms during January-December 2024. The subject focuses on culture-specific features of interactive discourse formation in different linguocultural environments. The article analyzes communicative strategies of both brands, identifying their structural components and functional characteristics. It explores linguistic structures, rhetorical techniques, and multimodal elements implementing consumer engagement strategies, while examining cultural specificities in Russian and Chinese brand discursive practices. The methodology integrates critical discourse analysis, functional linguistics, and multimodal semiotics through systematic examination of verbal and non-verbal components, audience interaction mechanisms, and semiotic resource integration in meaning construction. The scientific novelty lies in revealing multi-component architectonics of discursive strategies and multi-level user engagement gradation, introducing systematic comparison of communicative practices in Russian and Chinese social media environments. The author proposes an integrative model combining linguistic, semiotic, and sociocultural aspects of digital communication. The analysis reveals distinct implementation patterns across cultural contexts: the Russian brand emphasizes procedural regulation and individual expression, while the Chinese brand prioritizes value coherence and collective identity. The research establishes significant differences in emotional construction and social connectivity modes, demonstrating that culturally determined communicative practices maintain substantial significance in social media despite digital marketing globalization.

Research and application implementation of the Internet of Things scheme for intensive care unit medical equipment

The intensive care unit (ICU) is a highly equipment-intensive area with a wide variety of medical devices, and the accuracy and timeliness of medical equipment data collection are highly demanded. The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into ICU medical devices is of great significance for enhancing the quality of medical care and nursing, as well as for the advancement of digital and intelligent ICUs. This study focuses on the construction of the IOT for ICU medical devices and proposes innovative solutions, including the overall architecture design, devices connection, data collection, data standardization, platform construction and application implementation. The overall architecture was designed according to the perception layer, network layer, platform layer and application layer; three modes of device connection and data acquisition were proposed; data standardization based on Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise-Patient Care Device (IHE-PCD) was proposed. This study was practically verified in the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, a total of 122 devices in four ICU wards were connected to the IoT, storing 21.76 billion data items, with a data volume of 12.5 TB, which solved the problem of difficult systematic medical equipment data collection and data integration in ICUs. The remarkable results achieved proved the feasibility and reliability of this study. The research results of this paper provide a solution reference for the construction of hospital ICU IoT, offer more abundant data for medical big data analysis research, which can support the improvement of ICU medical services and promote the development of ICU to digitalization and intelligence.

Simulation Analysis of Fracture Process of High Moisture Content Corn Kernel Carpopodium

Corn is an important economic and food crop, and the corn threshing process is an important link in the processing of corn, but the damage rate in the threshing process has always been a problem, causing difficulties in subsequent processing and storage. To address the high damage rate in corn ear threshing, a texture analyzer was used to measure the fracture force of Boyun 88 and Zhengdan 958 corn varieties in the triaxial direction, and a CT scanning imaging system was used to analyze the connection mode between the carpopodium and the corn cob. The connection between the carpopodium and corn cob, as well as the fracture process of the carpopodium, was simulated. Finally, high-speed photography was used to study the corn ear threshing process. The results indicated that the fracture force of the carpopodium under radial tension was significantly greater than that under axial and tangential shear. Additionally, the simulated fracture stress value of the carpopodium exceeded its actual fracture stress value. Under radial stress, the fracture force between the carpopodium and corn cob exhibited more uniformity on the contact surface. When a tangential load was applied, it was observed that the force chain shifted and dissipated along the axis during corn kernel extrusion. High-speed photography on a discrete test bench revealed that corn kernel dispersion, extrusion, and force transfer facilitated the movement and migration of surrounding kernels, with the force transfer process resembling a “trapezoid”. This study offers theoretical guidance for corn threshing with low damage and an analysis of the threshing process.

Research on Optimization of Distribution Network Connection Mode Based on Graph Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm

Research on Optimization of Distribution Network Connection Mode Based on Graph Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm

The role of structural connectivity on brain function through a Markov model of signal transmission.

Structure determines function. However, this universal theme in biology has been surprisingly difficult to observe in human brain neuroimaging data. Here, we link structure to function by hypothesizing that brain signals propagate as a Markovian process on an underlying structure. We focus on a metric called commute time: the average number of steps for a random walker to go from region A to B and then back to A. Commute times based on white matter tracts from diffusion MRI exhibit an average ± standard deviation Spearman correlation of -0.26 ± 0.08 with functional MRI connectivity data across 434 UK Biobank individuals and -0.24 ± 0.06 across 400 HCP Young Adult brain scans. The correlation increases to -0.36 ± 0.14 and to -0.32 ± 0.12 when the principal contributions of both commute time and functional connectivity are compared for both datasets. The observed weak but robust correlations provide evidence of a relationship, albeit restricted, between neuronal connectivity and brain function. The correlations are stronger by 33% compared to broadly used communication measures such as search information and communicability. The difference further widens to a factor of 5 when commute times are correlated to the principal mode of functional connectivity from its eigenvalue decomposition. Overall, the study points to the utility of commute time to account for the role of polysynaptic (indirect) connectivity underlying brain function.

The research progress on effective connectivity in adolescent depression based on resting-state fMRI.

The brain's spontaneous neural activity can be recorded during rest using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), and intricate brain functional networks and interaction patterns can be discovered through correlation analysis. As a crucial component of rs-fMRI analysis, effective connectivity analysis (EC) may provide a detailed description of the causal relationship and information flow between different brain areas. It has been very helpful in identifying anomalies in the brain activity of depressed teenagers. This study explored connectivity abnormalities in brain networks and their impact on clinical symptoms in patients with depression through resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and effective connectivity (EC) analysis. We first introduce some common EC analysis methods, discuss their application background and specific characteristics. EC analysis reveals information flow problems between different brain regions, such as the default mode network, the central executive network, and the salience network, which are closely related to symptoms of depression, such as low mood and cognitive impairment. This review discusses the limitations of existing studies while summarizing the current applications of EC analysis methods. Most of the early studies focused on the static connection mode, ignoring the causal relationship between brain regions. However, effective connection can reflect the upper and lower relationship of brain region interaction, and provide help for us to explore the mechanism of neurological diseases. Existing studies focus on the analysis of a single brain network, but rarely explore the interaction between multiple key networks. To do so, we can address these issues by integrating multiple technologies. The discussion of these issues is reflected in the text. Through reviewing various methods and applications of EC analysis, this paper aims to explore the abnormal connectivity patterns of brain networks in patients with depression, and further analyze the relationship between these abnormalities and clinical symptoms, so as to provide more accurate theoretical support for early diagnosis and personalized treatment of depression.

Lanthanide Molecular Clusters and Metal-Organic Layers Constructed by Manipulation of Substituents.

Usually, complexes with different connections and shapes are constructed by regulating the substituents. However, it is extremely challenging to construct two lanthanide complexes with different dimensions by only fine-tuning the substituents of the ligands, especially the substituents (-CH3 and -CH2CH3) with almost similar physical and chemical properties. Herein, by only regulating the substituents of the multidentate chelating ligands, two lanthanide complexes with different dimensions and connection modes were successfully constructed using a multicomponent "one-pot method" under the guidance of the multidentate chelating coordination method (MCC). They are the 11-nuclear lanthanide molecular cluster (Dy11) and the metal-organic layer (2D-Dy). Specifically, when the selected ligand is an imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde derivative and its substituent is -CH3, a layered 2D-Dy is obtained. The linker [Dy(HL1)3] with a propeller configuration is formed by chelating the Dy(III) ion with an acylhydrazone ligand (HL1) formed by the condensation of three salicylhydrazides and 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde. The above linkers were further linked alternately with propeller-shaped [Dy(NO3)3] as a secondary building unit (SBU) to form 2D-Dy. In addition, by changing the -CH3 on the ligand to -CH2CH3, we obtained an example of Dy11 formed by epitaxial assembly of two Dy(III) ions with an hourglass-shaped Dy9 as the core, and its molecular formula is [Dy11(HL2)8(μ3-OH)8(μ4-O)2(CH3O)4(NO3)4](NO3)5 18CH3OH. The cluster Dy11 was bombarded using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESI-MS) and the molecular ion peaks of various fragments formed were captured. Based on the above molecular ion peaks, the possible fragmentation mechanisms of Dy11 were inferred to be Dy11 → Dy4(HL2)4 → Dy3(HL2)2 → Dy2(HL2)2 → Dy(HL2)2 and Dy11 → Dy(HL2)2/Dy2(HL2)2/Dy3(HL2)2/Dy4(HL2)4. This work is one of the rare examples where fine-tuning of ligand substituents leads to the formation of complexes of different dimensions, which promotes the progress of crystal engineering of lanthanide complexes.

How do differences in airline passengers’ satisfaction with connectivity modes affect last-mile travel choices? A SALC modeling based on RRM

How do differences in airline passengers’ satisfaction with connectivity modes affect last-mile travel choices? A SALC modeling based on RRM

Compositional Differences of Various Sorption States of Cu and Cd on Goethite in the Presence of Oxyanions: A Quantitative Study.

The anionic species of antimony(V) and phosphate(V) are commonly found in the contaminated soil of mining areas, exerting a significant influence on the sorption of heavy metals and thus affecting their migration. This study quantitatively discussed the sorption mechanism of Sb and P in promoting the sorption of Cd or Cu on goethite through a series of extraction methods. In the single sorption system, the majority of Cu (87-98%) is adsorbed on goethite in the form of EDTA-extractable Cu (EF Cu, possibly inner-sphere complexes) under pH conditions of 3.5-6.5. Cadmium is primarily adsorbed in the form of EDTA-extractable Cd (49-71%), with a considerable amount of Mg(NO3)2 extractable Cd (MF Cd, possibly outer-sphere complexes) also present (25-51%), within the pH range of 4.5-7.5. The presence of either Sb or P greatly enhances the sorption of Cd and Cu on goethite, although the mechanisms differ significantly. Sb enhances the sorption of Cu mainly by increasing the amount of EF Cu (61.7-68.1% of total Cu enhancement), with less significant effects on MF Cu. Furthermore, Sb shows similar enhancing effects on both MF Cd and EF Cd. As the pH increases, the enhancing effects of Sb on various forms of Cu and Cd decrease. Phosphate mainly promotes the formation of MF Cu and MF Cd, accounting for 53.9- 80.8% (Cu) and 78.0-94.9% (Cd) of total enhancement at different pH levels. ΔMF and ΔEF Cu increase with increasing pH when P is present, while ΔMF/ΔEF Cd remains essentially constant. Based on the extracted results and characterization analysis, the main mechanism of synergistic sorption between elements was discussed, and the connection modes of elements at the goethite interface were preliminarily speculated. The results indicate that the promotion of oxyanions on the fixation of heavy metal cations is more complex than expected, making it difficult to describe using only one mechanism.

Position Optimization of Bulky Tetraphenylsilane in Multiple Resonance Molecules for Highly Efficient Narrowband OLEDs.

Multiple resonance (MR)-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have garnered significant interest due to their narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and high electroluminescence efficiency. However, the planar structures and large singlet-triplet energy gaps (ΔESTs) characteristic of MR-TADF molecules pose challenges to achieving high-performance devices. Herein, two isomeric compounds, p-TPS-BN and m-TPS-BN, are synthesized differing in the connection modes between a bulky tetraphenylsilane (TPS) group and an MR core. This strategy aims to suppress intermolecular interactions, reduce ΔEST values, and investigate how connection positions influence photoelectric properties. Both compounds exhibit remarkably small ΔEST values (0.08-0.09eV) and high internal quantum yields (95.0-97.8%). Notably, p-TPS-BN demonstrates a faster reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) with a rate constant of 2.54×10⁵s⁻¹, attributed to its optimal long-range charge transfer (LRCT) process. A narrowband device employing p-TPS-BN achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency of 35.8% with an FWHM of 36nm. This work offers an effective framework for studying structure-property relationships in MR molecules, paving the way for the development of high-efficiency electroluminescent devices.

Operation of V2G Chargers in Smart Grids

The article deals with the description of various modes of connection of electric vehicles to the grid, taking into account the operation of these vehicles in the vehicle-to-grid mode. The simulation of a simple microgrid network, which includes residential electricity consumption and photovoltaic power plants as renewable energy sources, illustrates the charging and discharging modes of the grid. Three scenarios were selected for the study, which are described by the number of connected vehicles and their mode. The result of the simulation is the evaluation of the contribution of these connected vehicles to the overall power balance at the interface of the distribution network and the microgrid network.